• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.783-794
• /
• 1996

It has been suggested that ion transport systems are intimately involved in mediating the effects of growth regulatory factors on the growth of a number of different types of animal cells in vivo. The functional importance of the apical membrane $Na^+/H^+$ antiporter in the renal proximal tubule is evidenced by estimates that this transporter mediates the reabsorption of approximately one third of the filtered load of sodium and the bulk of the secretion of hydrogen ions. This study was designed to investigate the pathway utilized by IGF-I in regulating sodium transport in primary cultured renal proximal tubule cells. Results were as follows : 1. $Na^+$ was observed to accumulate in the primary cells as a function of time. Raising the concentration of extracellular NaCl induced an decrease in $Na^+$ uptake compared with control cells in a dose dependent manner. The rate of $Na^+$ uptake into the primary cells was about two times higher in the absence of NaCl($40.11{\pm}1.76pmole\;Na^+/mg\;protein/min$) than in the presence of 140mM NaCl($17.82{\pm}0.94pmole\;Na^+/mg\;protein/min$) at the 30 minute uptake. 2. $Na^+$ uptake was inhibited by IAA($1{\times}10^{-4}M$) or valinomycin($5{\times}10^{-6}M$) treatment($50.51{\pm}4.04$ and $57.65{\pm}2.27$ of that of control, respectively). $Na^+$ uptake by the primary proximal tubule cells was significantly increased by ouabain($5{\times}10^{-5}M$) treatment($140.23{\pm}3.37%$ of that of control). When actinomycin D($1{\times}10^{-7}M$) or cycloheximide($4{\times}10^{-5}M$) was applied, $Na^+$ uptake was decreased to $90.21{\pm}2.39%$ or $89.64{\pm}3.69%$ of control in IGF-I($1{\times}10^{-5}M$) treated cells, respectively. 3. Extracellular cAMP decreased $Na^+$ uptake in a dose-dependent manner($10^{-8}-10^{-4}M$). IBMX($5{\times}10^{-5}M$) also inhibited $Na^+$ uptake. Treatment of cells with pertussis toxin(50pg/ml) or cholera toxin($1{\mu}g/ml$) inhibited $Na^+$ uptake. Extracellular PMA decreased $Na^+$ uptake in a dose-dependent manner(1-100ng/ml). 100 ng/ml PMA concentration significantly inhibited $Na^+$ uptake in IGF-I treated cells. However, staurosporine($1{\times}10^{-7}M$) had no effect on $Na^+$ uptake. When PMA and staurosporine were added together, the inhibition of $Na^+$ uptake was not observed. In conclusion, sodium uptake in primary cultured rabbit renal proximal tubule cells was dependent on membrane potentials and intracellular energy levels. IGF-I stimulates sodium uptake through mechanisms that involve some degree of de novo protein and/or RNA synthesis, and cAMP and/or PKC pathway mediating the action mechanisms of IGF-I.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.52 no.8
• /
• pp.944-952
• /
• 2009

Purpose : To investigate the effects of angiotensin II inhibition on the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the developing kidney, we tested the expression of EMT markers and nestin in angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor-treated kidneys. Methods : Newborn rat pups were treated with enalapril (30 mg/kg/d) or a vehicle for 7 days. Immunohistochemistry for the expression of ${\alpha}$-smooth muscle actin (SMA), E-cadherin, vimentin, and nestin were performed. The number of positively-stained cells was determined under 100 magnification in 10 random fields. Results : In the enalapril-treated group, ${\alpha}SMA-positive$ cells were strongly expressed in the dilated tubular epithelial cells. The number of ${\alpha}SMA-positive$ cells in the enalapril-treated group increased in both the renal cortex and medulla, compared to the control group (P<0.05). The expression of E-cadherin-positive cells was dramatically reduced in the cortical and medullary tubular epithelial cells in the enalapril-treated group (P<0.05). The number of vimentin- and nestin-positive cells in the cortex was not different in comparisons between the two groups; however, their expression increased in the medullary tubulointerstitial cells in the enalapril-treated group (P<0.05). Conclusion : Our results show that ACE inhibition in the developing kidney increases the renal EMT by up-regulating ${\alpha}SMA$ and down-regulating E-cadherin. Enalapril treatment was associated with increased expression of vimentin and nestin in the renal medulla, suggesting that renal medullary changes during the EMT might be more prominent, and ACE inhibition might differentially modulate the expression of EMT markers in the developing rat kidney.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.518-524
• /
• 1998

신장 근위세뇨관세포들은 사구체에서 여과된 물질의 재흡수, 분비 및 대사에 관여하는 여러 호르몬들의 수용체들을 가지고 있다. 이들중에서 dopamine(DA)과 angiotensin II(ANG II)가 $Na^{+}/H^{+}$ 상호운반계 조절에 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 본 연구는 초대배양한 토끼 신장 근위세뇨관세포의 $Na^+$ uptake에 있어서 DA과 ANG II의 상호관계를 알아보고자 실시하였다. DA은 농도의존적으로 $Na^+$ uptake를 유의성 있게 억제하였다($10^{-6}M$ ; $83.2{\pm}7.2%$, $10^{-3}M$ ; $67.2{\pm}3.8%$ vs. control)(p<0.05). $DA_1$ 작동제(SKF 38393, $10^{-6}M$)는 대조군의 $81.4{\pm}6.7%$ 까지 $Na^+$ uptake를 유의성 있게 억제하였으나(p < 0.05) $DA_2$ 작동제는 영향을 미치지 않았다. $DA_1$ 길항제(SCH 23390, $10^{-6}M$)에 의해 DA의 $Na^+$ uptake 억제효과는 차단되었으나 $DA_2$ 길항제(spiperone, $10^{-6}M$)에 의해서는 영향을 받지 않았다. DA과 대조적으로 $10^{-11}M$ ANG II는 $AT_1$ 수용체를 통하여 대조군의 $120.7{\pm}4.9%$까지 $Na^+$ uptake를 유의성 있게 촉진하였다. (p < 0.05). DA 및 $10^{-11}M$ ANG II를 병합처리하였을 때 DA은 농도의존적으로 ANG II에 유도된 $Na^+$ uptake 촉진효과를 유의성 있게 차단하였다(p<0.05). 한편 ANG II에 의해 유도된 $Na^+$ uptake촉진작용은 $DA_1$ 또는 $DA_2$ 작동제에 의해 차단되었으나 DA에 의한 차단 효과는 $DA_1$ 및 $DA_2$ 길항제를 병합처리하였을 때만 반전되었다. 결론적으로 DA은 $DA_1$ 수용체를 통하여 $Na^+$ uptake를 억제하였으나 ANG II에 의한 $Na^+$ uptake 촉진작용의 억제에는 $DA_1$ 및 $DA_2$ 수용체 모두가 관여하였다.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.227-234
• /
• 2000

독성약물에 의한 급성신부전시 세뇨관세포의 물질 재흡수 장애에 대한 단삼(丹參) 추출액의 효과를 조사하였다. 토끼에 수은(HgCl2)을 10 mg/kg되게 피하 주사하여 급성신부전을 유발하였고, 단삼(丹參) 추출액의 효과는 수은을 주사하기 전 7일 동안 0.05% 액(液) 0.3 g/kg 용량을 경구 투여하여 관찰하였다. 수은을 주사하기 전 24시간 동안 요와 혈액을 채취하여 신장기능을 측정하여 대조기간(basal period)의 값으로 하였고, 수은을 주사한 후 24시간 동안 요와 혈액을 얻어 수은에 의한 신장기능 변화를 평가하였다. 수은을 처리한 후 사구체여과율이 대조값에 비해 감소하였고, 혈청내 creatinine 농도가 증가하였다. 이러한 결과들은 수은이 급성신부전을 유발하였음을 가리킨다. 수은을 처리한 동물에서 포도당 및 인산의 배설분율이 증가하였고, 이러한 변화는 brush-border membrane에서 물질의 이동장애와 Na-pump 활성의 감소에 기인하였다. 수은을 주사한 동물의 신장피질 절편에서 유기이온인 PAH와 TEA 이동이 억제되었다. 토끼의 신장조직에서 지질의 과산화가 수은을 주사한 후 증가하였다. 단삼(丹參) 추출액을 전 처리한 후 수은을 주사한 경우 수은에 의해 유발된 사구체여과율의 감소와 혈청내 creatinine 농도 증가 현상이 유의하게 완화되었다. 수은에 의한 세뇨관에서 물질의 재흡수 장애가 단삼(丹參) 추출액의 전처리에 의해 방지되었다. 단삼(丹參) 추출액은 수은에 의한 지질의 과산화를 억제하였다. 수은에 의한 급성신부전은 항산화제로 잘 알려진 DPPD에 의해 방지되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 생체실험결과 수은에 의한 급성신부전의 유발과정에 지질의 과산화가 중요한 역할을 할 가능성을 보이고 있고, 단삼(丹參) 추출액은 수은에 의한 급성신부전을 방지하는 효과를 가지고 있으며, 그 효과는 단삼(丹參)의 항산화작용에 기인(起因)할 가능성이 많다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
• /
• 1993.04a
• /
• pp.146-146
• /
• 1993

신장에서 브라디키닌(Bradikinin, BK)의 생리적 역할을 규명하기 위한 첫 단계로 토끼신장 근위세뇨관의 일차배양세포를 이용, BK 수용체를 ($^3$H) BK를 이용하여 수용체결합실험을 함과 아울러 세포배양과정에서 여러 성장인자들의 BK 수용체발현에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 첫째, 토끼 신장의 피질, 수질 및 근 위세뇨관 둥 각 부위에 대한 BK 수용체결합 실험결과 신수질 부분에 가장 많은 BK 수용체가 발견되었으며 이때 해리항수는 0.52 nM, 그리고 최대결합부위는 mg 단배질당 112.5 fmol이었다. 둘째, serum free 배지에서 insulin, transferrin 그리고 hydrocortisone이 성장인자로 사용될 때 BK 수용체발현이 가장 높았으며 이 중 인슐린에 가장 큰 영향을 받았다. 한편 인슐린의 최적농도를 결정하는 실험의 결과 5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml매서 가장 높은 수용체발현을 나타내었으며 그 이상에서는 별다른 차이를 보이지 못했다. 세째, 위의 세 성장인자에 prostaglandin E$_1$이나 triiodothyronine을 첨가시 BK 수용체발현은 오히려 저하되었다. 네째, fetal bovine serum (FBS)과 위의 세 성장인자간의 수용체발현능을 비교한 실험에서 세포배양 후 첫 일주일에는 FBS가 세 성장인자보다 약간 나은 수용체발현능을 나타내었으나 그후 이주째에는 세 성장인자가 BK 수용체발현에 더 적절한 요소임을 보여주었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 토끼 근위세뇨관 상피세포에서의 BK 수용체발현은 세포성장인자로 insulin, transferrin, hydrocortisone 중 insulin에 가장 큰 영향을 받는것으로 보이며, 이들 세가지 성장인자는 serum free 배지에서 세포성장 및 기능에 많은 영향을 주는 것으로 생각된다.prolidine이 $K_{M}$ /K$_{H}$ 비가 가장 높았고 diphenidol이 가장 낮았다. 이상의 결과로 보아 항 histamine제의 muscarinic receptor 차단작용은 이들 약물의 항 alleragy 효과에 필요한 작용이 아니며 본 실험에서 추정된 항 histamine제의 H$_1$-receptor와 muscarinic receptor에 대한 상대적 역가는 이들 약물의 선택과 평가에 중요한 지표가 될수 있을 것으로 생각된다.ing ischemic insults. The nature of the receptor is being explored by molecular genetic techniques, and we have recently cloned two of the major subunits; some of the data will be presented.LIFO, 우선 순위 방식등을 선택할 수 있도록 확장하였다. SIMPLE는 자료구조 및 프로그램이 공개되어 있으므로 프로그래머가 원하는 기능을 쉽게 추가할 수 있는 장점도 있다. 아울러 SMPLE에서 새로이 추가된 자료구조와 함수 및 설비제어 방식등을 활용하여 실제 중형급 시스템에 대한 시뮬레이션 구현과 시스템 분석의 예를 보인다._3$", chain segment, with the activation energy of carriers from the shallow trap with 0.4[eV], in he amorphous regions.의 증발산율은 우기의 기상자료를 이용하여 구한 결과 0.05 - 0.10 mm/hr 의 범위로서 이로 인한 강우손실량은 큰 의미가 없음을 알았다.재발이 나타난 3례의 환자를 제외한 9례 (75%)에서는 현재까지 재발소견을 보이지 않고 있다. 이러한 결과는 다른 보고자들과 유사한 결과를

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.291-298
• /
• 2015

This study was conducted to provide the microanatomical information of the heart-kidney complex of Tegillarca granosa. The heart-kidney complex was located in the pericardial cavity between the dosal visceral mass and posterior adductor muscle. The heart composed of two atrium and one ventricle. The kidney composed of a pair of left and right. The atrium and ventricle of the heart were composed of the epicardium, myocardium and endocardium. The epicardium of simple epithelial layer composed of cuboidal epithelial cells that had a strong basophilic nucleus located in the center. The myocardium composed of muscle fiber bundles. The myocardium in ventricle was denser than in the atrium. The endocardium of simple epithelial layer composed of squamous epithelial cell that had a strong basophilic nucleus was located in the center. The endocardium thickness of the atrium was $6.04({\pm}2.26){\mu}m$, endocardium thickness of the atrium was $7.36({\pm}3.21){\mu}m$, and appeared to be thicker in the ventricle. The kidney composed of numerous renal tubules. The renal tubule of simple epithelial layer composed of columnar epithelial cell with nucleus located in the basal zone and a number of cytoplasmic granules. The developed striated border was the inner epidermis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.119-128
• /
• 2000

This study was carried out to determine if Salviae Radix extract (SRE) exerts protective effect against alterations in membrane transport function in rabbits with rhabdomyo lysis-induced acute renal failure. Acute renal failure was induced by intramuscular administration of glycerol (50%, 10 ml/kg). GFR in the glycerol-injected animals was reduced to 11% of the basal value and the fractional $Na^{+}$ excretion was increased to 7.8-fold, indicating generation of acute renal failure. When animals received SRE pretreatment for 7 days prior to glycerol injection, such changes were significantly attenuated. The fractional excretion of glucose and phosphate was increased more than 43-fold and 27-fold, respectively, in rabbits treated with glycerol alone. However, they were increased to 17-and 4.3-fold, respectively, in SRE-pretreated rabbits, and these values were significantly lower than those in rabbits treated with glycerol alone. Uptakes of glucose and phosphate in purified isolated brush-border membrane, the $Na^{+}-K^{+}-ATPase$ activity in microsomal fraction, and cellular ATP levels all were reduced in rabbits treated with glycerol alone. Such changes were prevented by SRE pretreatment. Uptakes of organic ions, PAH and TEA, in renal cortical slices were inhibited by the administration of glycerol, which was prevented by SRE pretreatment. Pretreatment of an antioxidant DPPD significantly attenuated the increase in the fractional excretion of glucose and phosphate induced by rhabdomyolysis. These results indicate that rhabdomyolysis causesimpairment inreabsorption of solutes in the proximal tubule via the generation of reactive oxygen species, and SRE pretreatment may provide the protection against the rhabdomyolysis-induced impairment by its antioxidant action.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.1264-1268
• /
• 1997

This study was performed to investigate the effects of aluminium treatment on renal damage in rats. Seventy five male Sprague-Dawley strains were divided into five groups; the control, 250 ppm $AlCl_3$, group, 500 ppm AlCl3 group, 250 ppm $Al_2(SO_4)_3$, group, 500 ppm $Al_2(SO_4)_3$ group and kept on the diet for 2 weeks. The body weight gain was more increased in $AlCl_3$, treated of rats but decreased in $Al_2(SO_4)_3$, treated rats than the control, on based in histophysiological examination, in $AlCl_3$, treated group, thyrodization of kidney tubular lumen and interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration, abscess formation were demonstrated and in $Al_2(SO_4)_3$, treated animals destruction of glomeruli and necrosis in kidney cortex by inflammatory cells were shownd. On the other hand, blue-pigmented cast was noted in tubules of $AlCl_3$ administration group whereas focal aluminium accumulation was noted at interstitial tissue in kidney of $Al_2(SO_4)_3$, administration group.

• Journal of Aquaculture
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.240-244
• /
• 2003

The primitive gonad development in Paralichthys olivaceus was classified into (ⅰ) primordial germ cell (PGC), (ⅱ) genital ridge type (GRT), (ⅲ) primitive gonad type I (PGT I) and (ⅳ) primitive gonad type II stages. In the control group, PGC was recognizable on the 3rd days after hatching, and the primodial gonad after 24th days, while it was around the 22nd day after hatching in the group exposed to PCBs 3.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L for 30 days. Likewise, the progress of kidney development was recognized in four stages; unitubular type of mesonephric duct (UTMD), the branched mesonephric duct (BMD), convoluted tubule formation (CTF) and glomerulus appearing (GA) stage. It was structurally completed between the 25th and 30th day after hatching in two groups. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the time scale of development of gonad, and kidney between control and the PCBs - exposed group.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.104-109
• /
• 1998

Purpose : The proliferative nuclear antigen Ki-67, present in all cell cycle phases except G0, is a useful marker for the detection of proliferative cells in vivo. MIB I has been found to recognize an antigen in formalin-fixed and wax-embedded material. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of MIB-1 expression as a marker of representing the status of mesangial cell proliferation in renal tissues. Methods : Immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67 Ag using monoclonal antibody MIB-1 (Immunotech,505) were performed in 41 renal tissuses which were obtained by percutaneous renal biopsy done between January 1994 and December 1996. Results : In both glomeruli and renal tubules, MIB-1 expression was observed only in 2 of 18 ($11.1\%$) cases of IgA nephropathy, in 2 of the 4 ($50\%$) cases of mebranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, in 4 of the 5 ($80\%$) cases of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. But MIB-1 expression was not detected in all cases of minimal lesion and membranous nephropathy. Renal tubules In another 7 cases of IgA nephropathy were MIB-1 positive. Conclusion : MIB-1 expression in renal tissues may relate to the cell proliferation in glomeruli and renal tubules. But the efficacy of MIB-1 expression as a marker of mesangial cell proliferation may reveal a limited value because of it's lower positive rate in IgA nephropathy.