• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 1990

As the putrefaction of fish is greatly relied on the microorganisms inhabited in the viscera of them, we investigated the microfloral changes in the viscera of sardine, Sardinops melanosticta, which has been caught a lot in adjacent sea of Korea but showed rapid spoilage, after storages with various temperature. The following results were obtained. Viable cell counts at $25^{\circ}C$ of the viscera of sardine were $1.6\times10^5/g$ at the fresh sample, $1.5\times10^5/g$ at the frozen sample, $2.9\times10^8/g$ at the spoiled samples. The most predominant microbial genera from the fresh sardine were Moraxella spp.($31.4\%$) and Pseudomonas spp.($28.6\%$), but Enterobacteriaceae($83.1\%$) was in spoiled sample. While Moraxella spp.($46.2\%$) and Flavobacterium-Cytophaga($21.0\%$) were predominant in the frozen sample and Enterobacteriacear($69.6\%$) was in the thawed-spoiled sample. The rates of proteolytic enzyme producing bacteria were $20\%$ in the fresh sample, $22\%$ in the frozen sample but the rates were increased to $52\%,\;29\%$ in the spoiled sample and the thawed-spoiled sample respectively.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2002

This study was performed to develop natural spices using Cheongung (Cnidium officinale) which is one of the Korean medicinal plants, Cnidium of officinale is a perennial plant of the Umbelliferae family and is widely distributed in Korea. The overall acceptances of flavor and color, and the masking effects on meaty and fishy flavor of Cnidium officinale were investigated by sensory evaluation. The overall acceptances of fresh Cnidium officinale were the highest, followed by freeze dried and hot air dried samples. The meaty and fishy flavor of cooked pork and fish were significantly reduced by the addition of fresh, hot air dried and freeze dried Cnidium officinale. Cnidium officinale showed similar or higher masking effects on meaty and fishy flavor compared with black pepper.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.701-710
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• 2002

Studies on the Viability of In Vitro-Matured Bovine Oocytes Vitrified by Microdrop and Straw Method To establish vitrification method for bovine oocytes, mature bovine oocytes were vitrified by microdrop (MD) or straw (Straw) method and the viability of vitrified oocytes with or without cumulus cells (CC) were examined by several methods; a) parthenogenetic activation; b) pronuclear formation after in vitro fertilization (IVF); and c) embryonic development after IVF. The survival rate of vitrified oocytes by MD was significantly higher than by Straw (92.50 vs. 74.19%, p<0.05). Most of the oocytes survived from vitrification using the MD methods. Cleavage and blastocyst development of parthenogenetically activated oocytes were higher in MD (45.05% and 10.81%, respectively; p<0.05)) than those in Straw method (27.17% and 6.52%, respectively; p<0.05). Male and female pronuclear formation of vitrified-thawed oocytes with or without cumulus cells (CC) after IVF were examined, respectively. The survival rate of vitrified oocytes by MD without CC was no difference between MD and Straw (80.368.14% vs. 67.31%). Normal fertilization (2PN) rates were not different among groups (Fresh; 54.55% vs. MD; 42.22% vs. Straw; 37.14%, p>0.05). While no fertilization (<1PN) rates were significantly different between fresh and vitrified-thawed groups (Fresh; 32.47% vs. MD; 57.78% and Straw 62.86%, p<0.05). The polyspermy (3PN) was appeared in the fresh (12.99%), but no appeared in the vitrified-thawed groups. In the without CC, normal fertilization (2PN) rates were significantly different between fresh and vitrified-thawed oocytes (Fresh; 59.38% vs. MD; 17.31% and Straw; 30.43%, p<0.05). Moreover, no fertilization (<1PN) rates were significantly different between fresh and vitrified-thawed groups (Fresh; 23.44% vs. MD; 73.08% and Straw 58.70%, p<0.05). The polyspermy (3PN, >4PN) was appeared not only fresh but vitrified-thawed groups. After IVF, two-cell developmental rates of vitrified oocytes with CC by MD and Straw were significantly low compared to fresh oocytes (Fresh; 81.76% vs. MD; 22.22% and Straw; 11.36%, p<0.05). Blastocyst developmental rates of vitrified oocytes also were significantly low compared to fresh oocytes (Fresh; 28.38 vs. MD; 1.71% and Straw 0%, p<0.05). In the without CC, two-cell developmental rates were no difference between Fresh and MD (27.59% vs. 19.25%, p<0.05), while blastocyst rates were difference between Fresh and MD or Straw (4.31% vs. 0.62% and 0%, respectively; p<0.05). In conclusion, the results indicate that the vitrified bovine oocytes have the ability to develop to the blastocyst stage after IVF.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.197-205
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• 2007

Objective: This study evaluated the pregnancy and implantation rates in fresh IVF-ET cycles or frozen-thawed ET (F-ET) cycles based on serum estradiol concentrations of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH). Methods: Clinical outcomes of 1,565 cycles of fresh IVF-ET with COH and 670 cycles of F-ET were retrospectively analyzed. Serum estradiol levels on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration were categorized into Group-A (1,000$\sim$2,000 pg/ml), Group-B (2,000$\sim$3,000 pg/ml), Group-C (3,000$\sim$4,000 pg/ml) and Group-D (> 4,000 pg/ml). Clinical pregnancy (CPR), implantation (IR) and delivery rates (DR) were compared among four groups subdivided into younger (< 35 years) and older ($\geq$ 35 years) women. Statistical analysis was performed by Student's t-test and chi-square test. Results: Overall clinical outcomes with fresh IVF-ET and F-ET cycles were similar: 41.2% vs 44.8% of CPR, 18.8% vs 19.6% of JR, and 33.2% vs 34.5% of DR, respectively. There were no significant differences in the clinical outcomes of all four groups between fresh IVF-ET and F-ET cycles of younger women according to the estradiol levels. However, the clinical outcomes of F-ET cycles of older women in Group-D were significantly higher than those of fresh IVF-ET cycles (51.3% vs 25.0% of CPR*, 18.6% vs 9.9% of IR and 33.3% vs 19.4% of DR;* p<0.05). Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that supraphysiological levels of estradiol during COH in fresh IVF-ET cycles of older women ($\geq$ 35 years) may be detrimental to implantation environments of endometrium and clinical outcomes, which could be improved by F-ET cycles.

• The Korean Journal of Blood Transfusion
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.136-144
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• 2012

Background: Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusion is administered primarily for management of acquired bleeding disorders. However, in practice, FFP transfusion is increasing without a solid rationale. Methods: We conducted an audit to evaluate the appropriateness of the indications for FFP transfusion during the period from July 2010 through June 2011. Assessment of the appropriateness of the indications was based on the national transfusion guidelines and the transfusion criteria promulgated by the Severance Hospital. Results: In total, 17,733 units of plasma were transfused to 1,949 patients over 4,982 events. We found that administration of FFP was not in compliance with the recommended guidelines in 1,990 events. The number of total FFP transfusions was higher in medical departments (Gastroenterology) than in surgical departments (Thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, General surgery). However, the proportion of cases of inappropriate transfusion was higher in surgical departments than in medical departments. Both the total number of FFP transfusion and the proportion of inappropriate transfusion were high in patient with neoplasm, disease of the digestive system, and diseases of the circulatory system. Conclusion: Continuous monitoring on appropriateness for FFP transfusion and feedback to the physician are critical in securing the transfusion safety as well as maintaining the quality of FFP transfusion. New-found indication for FFP transfusion should be investigated and applied in timely manner.

• The Korean Journal of Blood Transfusion
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.115-126
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• 2012

Background: Umbilical cord (UC) is a promising source of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). We compared the characteristics of MSCs from cryopreserved UC with those from fresh tissues, and demonstrated the possibility of UC cryopreservation for acquisition of MSCs from cryopreserved UC. Methods: Each UC was sliced into two types ($1{\sim}2mm^3$ vs. 0.5 cm), and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen using different media (autologous cord blood plasma, aCBP vs. RPMI 1640). A fresh aliquot of $1{\sim}2mm^3$-sized UC was used as control tissue. After one week, the cryopreserved tissues were thawed and cultured. For the 0.5 cm UC, a slicing step into $1{\sim}2mm^3$ was needed. Cell count, viability, proliferative activity, and surface antigens were determined from harvested MSCs. Several growth factors (EGF, IGF-1, PDGF, TGF-${\beta}$, bFGF, and VEGF), were measured from the culture supernatant. Results: Eleven UC were enrolled in the study. Efficiencies of obtaining MSCs were higher in cryopreserved UC using RPMI 1640, compared with use of aCBP; the same result was observed for 0.5 cm sized UC, compared with $1{\sim}2mm^3$ sized UC. No difference in proliferative activity was observed between MSCs from fresh and cryopreserved UC. The amount of growth factors in culture supernatant using RPMI 1640 was larger than that of fresh tissues. Conclusion: We obtained growth factors from the supernatant as well as MSCs from cryopreserved UC. As with a cord blood bank, in the future, cryopreservation of UC for acquisition of both MSCs and growth factors would be possible in a time of need.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.149-154
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• 2005

연구목적: 정자의 첨체상태는 수정능과 상관관계가 있다. 본 연구는 사람 정자의 동결보존 시 Fertilization promoting peptide (FPP) 처리가 첨체 유지에 효과가 있는지를 알아보고자 실시하였다. 연구재료 및 방법: 사람 정자는 정액검사를 의뢰한 시료를 사용하였으며, 적정농도를 조사하기 위하여 25, 50, 100 nM FPP를 신선정자에 처리한 뒤 시간별로 첨체의 변화를 조사하였다. 또한 적정화된 50 nM FPP를 정자의 동결-융해 시에 처리한 뒤 첨체 변화를 조사하였다. 첨체 변화는 FITC - pisum sativum lectin (PSA) 염색방법을 이용하여 조사하였다. 결 과: FPP 농도 변화와 처리시간에 따른 사람 정자의 첨체 변화를 조사하였던 바, 50 nM FPP 처리군에서 대조군보다 높은 온전한 첨체비율을 얻을 수 있었다. 정자의 동결-융해 시, 동결액과 융해액에 50 nM FPP 첨가가 온전한 첨체를 유지하는 비율을 조사하였던 바, 신선 정자의 결과보다는 유의하게 낮지만 무 처리군보다 유의적으로 높은 온전한 첨체를 얻을 수 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 동결액에만 또는 융해액에만 50 nM FPP 처리를 하더라도 무 처리군보다 유의하게 높은 온전한 첨체 비율을 획득할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다 (p<0.001). 결 론: 사람 정자의 동결보존 시 50 nM FPP 첨가는 자발적으로 발생하는 첨체반응을 억제하고, 온전한 첨체를 유지할 수 있어 수정능 보유에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.330-338
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• 2002

This study was performed to develop natural spices and functional foods using Cheongung (Cnidium officinale) which is one of the Korean medicinal plants. The volatile flavor patterns of Cnidium officinale were detected by electronic nose with 6 metal oxide sensors, and the principal component analysis was carried out. The volatile flavor components of Cnidium officinale were isolated by simultaneous steam-distillation extraction with pentane and diethylether (1 : 1), and essential oils were analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. The free radical scavenging activity of ethanol and methanol extracts from Cnidium officinale was measured by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and compared with ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ as reference. The principal component analysis showed the difference of principal components between fresh and drying samples. Eighty-five volatile flavor components (643.64 ppm) from fresh Cnidium officinale were identified and the major components were butyl phthalide, sabinene, neocnidilide. Sixty-four volatile flavor components (218.15 ppm) from hot air dried one were identified and the major components were butyl phthalide, sabinene, 3-N-butyl phthalide. And 73 volatile flavor components (784.15 ppm) from freeze dried one were identified and the major components were butyl phthalide, sabinene, ${\beta}-selinene$. The free radical scavenging activity of methanol cold extract (500 ppm) of freeze dried Cnidium officinale was higher than other samples. And methanol and ethanol cold extracts (above 250 ppm) of freeze dried sample were higher than ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ $25\;{\mu}M$ (22.34%).

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2001

Purpose : We observed usability of allograft by evaluating the clinical results, second look arthroscopic and histologic findings at last follow up after anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) reconstruction using by fresh frozen Achilles allograft. Materials and Methods : We analyzed in 58 patients(59 cases) by subjective and objective parameters, Telos stress arthrometer and Modified Feagin Scoring System. The average age and follow up period was 25 years(ranging from 18 to 49 years), and 15 months(ranging from 12 to 19 months). Among them we studied second look arthroscopic and histologic findings in 16 patients. Results : The mean Lysholm Score wits improved from 60 to 88.2 as well the anterior translation was improved from 7.1 min to 2.3mm at last follow up. The second look arthroscopic findings were close to normal in ligament thickness, tension and showed revasculization at the holly attachment site. Light microscope(LM) findings showed dense cellularity like a normal ligament. In electron microscope(EM) collagen fibrils showed parallel arrangement longitudinally and unimodal pattern diameter close to normal tissue in the transverse section. Conclusion : We think that the fresh frozen Achilles allograft is a good substitution of autograft in cruciate ligament reconstruction.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.26-30
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• 2004

Purpose: We analyzed the clinical results of ACL(anterior cruciate ligament) reconstruction of chronic anterior cruciate ligament injuries with a fresh frozen Achilles allograft, retrospectively. Methods: Thirty-eight patients(average age 32.4 years) who had an chronic injury of ACL reconstructed with an Achilles allograft between January 1999 and February 2001 were included. The mean follow-up was 19.2(12-36) months. The clinical evaluation was done by range of motion, Lachman and pivot-shift test, KT-1000 arthrometer, Lysholm knee score, and the modified Feagin score. Results: All patients recovered full range of motion of affected knees. With use of Lachman and pivot-shift test data, thirty seven(97.4%) were functional. When comparing KT-1000, we found mean maximum side-to-side differences less than 2.1 mm. According to Lysholm knee score, mean postoperative score was 90.4. Thirty four(89.5%) had good to excellent results in modified Feagin score. Conclusion: Results of ACL reconstruction using fresh frozen Achilles allografts were comparable to autografts. ACL reconstruction with Achilles allograft could be a reasonable altemative to autografts.