• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.155-164
• /
• 2008

목 적 : 본 연구의 목적은 양릉천 침 처치 시 C57BL/6 생쥐의 중뇌 흑질에 위치한 도파민성 신경세포 사멸 억제 효과를 조직화학 염색법을 이용하여 Tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)와 laminin의 발현으로 관찰하고자 한다. 실험방법 : 실험에 이용한 동물은 C57BL/6 생쥐로, 매일 25mg/kg의 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)를 5일간 주사하였고, 매일 MPTP 주사한 뒤 2시간 후에 양릉천에 침치료를 시행하였으며 MPTP 주사를 종료한 뒤 침치료는 7일동안 계속 시행하였다. 마지막 MPTP 주사 7일 후에 동물을 희생하여 뇌를 적출하고 고정하였다. 침효과를 확인하기 위해 Thyrosine hydroxylase(TH), laminin의 발현 변화 정도를 조직염색화학법으로 이용하여 확인하였다. 각 그룹간의 유의성 검증은 one-way ANOVA를 이용하였다. 결 과 : 도파민성 신경세포 선택적인 신경독소인 MPTP에 대한 양릉천 침처치에 의한 신경보호 효과를 도파민신경세포의 표지자인 TH 발현을 면역화학조직염색법으로 관찰하였다. 대조군에 비해 MPTP 처치 군의 신경세포 사멸이 유의적으로 감소하였고(P <0.05), MPTP + 침처치 군에서 증가되는 양상을 확인하였다 (P <0.05). 또한 도파민성 신경세포내에 존재하는 laminin의 발현정도 역시 대조군보다 MPTP 처치 군에서 유의적으로 감소하였고, MPTP + 침처치 군에서 증가되는 양상을 확인하였다 (P <0.05). 결 론 : MPTP에 의한 도파민성 신경세포 손상에 대한 양릉천 침처치의 신경보호 효과는 세포외 기질중의 하나인 laminin의 발현 정도를 조절하여 비롯되는 것으로 사료된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
• /
• 1992.05a
• /
• pp.29-29
• /
• 1992

척수에서의 통각전달은 말초에서 전달되는 통각정보가 척수내의 척수세포에 전달되면서 시작된다. 척수에 전달된 유해자극 정보는 척수내의 이차감각세포를 통하여 시상으로 전달되고 이로 인해 통증을 느끼게 된다. 이러한 척수내의 세포는 연수등의 여러 부위에 존재하는 신경 세포에 의하여 억제를 받으며 이와 같은 하향성 억제는 뇌에 존재하는 내재진 통계를 설명하는 중요한 인자가 되고 있다. 본 실험은 하부연수에 위치하는 신경핵인 Lateral reticular nucleus가 이러한 하향성 억제를 가졌는가를 알아 보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 고양이를 마취시키고 척수궁을 절제하여 척수를 노출시키고 미세전극을 꽂아 척수세포의 활성을 기록하였다. 여덟마리의 고양이에서 31개의 척수세포를 기록하였다. 이 세포들 중 WDR세포가 14 (45%), HT가 9 (29%), LT 및 Deep세포가 각각 4 (13%)가 되었다. 이 척수세포에 북외측하부 연수인 lateral reticualr nucleus 주위를 건기자극하면 21개 (68%)의 세포가활성의 억제를 받았고 9개의 (29%) 세포는 아무런 변화가 없었고 1개의 (3%) 세포는 흥분되었다. 전기의 자극은 강도 100$\mu$A이며 자극길이는 100$\mu$S 그리고 100Hz의 주파수를 가진 펄스파였다. 이와같은 북외측하부연수의 전기자국은 신경세포의 자발활성뿐 아니라 수용장 자극에 의한 반응도 억제하였다.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.17 no.1 s.81
• /
• pp.12-17
• /
• 2007

Curcumin is a natural phenolic yellow curry spice, derived from the tumeric, which has been used for the treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. Curcumin is known to have both anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. These properties can be beneficial to protect the brain from the neurodegenerative diseases. We now report the neuroprotective effects of curcumin pretreatment in primary hippocampal neurons to glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. Pretreatment of embryonic mouse hippocampal cell cultures with low does of curcumin protected neurons against glutamate-induced death, however, this neuroprotection was not correlated with the modulation of oxidative stress. Interestingly, high dose of curcumin showed the cytotoxicity in primary cultured hippocampal neurons. Immunoblot analyses showed that levels of stress response. protein HSP70 were significantly elevated in neurons exposed to low dose of curcumin, whereas levels of cleaved PARP were increased in neurons exposed to high dose of curcumin. These findings show that curcumin can modulate neuronal responses to glutamate, and suggest possible use of curcumin and related compounds in the prevention and/or treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.

• 전기의세계
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.39-52
• /
• 1989

본고에서는 우선 미국에서의 Neural Chip에 대한 개발현황에 대해서 고찰하고자 하며, 신경 세포를 실현하는데 어려운 문제점인 신경 세포간의 연결세기를 나타내는 어려운 문제점인 신경 세포간의 연결세기를 나타내는 Synapse를 구현하는 방법과 자극과 억제에 해당하는 입력 신호를 가해주는 방법에 대해서 소개하고자 한다. 그리고 국내 대학에서 연구한 결과로서 문자 인식을 하기 위한 영상처리의 전처리 과정인 잡음제거, 세선화, 특징점 추출에 대해서 신경회로망을 이용한 Chip 설계 방법과 4-bit A/D변환기, 4-bit가산기, 5 * 5 곱셈기, 그리고 Associative Memory를 VLSI로 구현하는 방법에 대해서 소개하고자 한다.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.19 no.7
• /
• pp.963-967
• /
• 2009

This study evaluated the neuroprotective effect of extracts from the root bark of Morus alba (MA) against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in neuronal cells. Glutamate-induced cytotoxicity was shown by MTT reduction assay. The neuroprotective effects of methanol, ethanol, and acetone extracts from MA against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity were measured. Among the three extracts, the methanolic extracts showed the highest protective effect, as determined by the results of an morphological assay, a lactate dehydrogenase release assay. Furthermore, the methanol extracts were fractionated sequentially with hexane, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and water layer according to degree of polarity. The hexane fractions exhibited a neuroprotective effect against glutamate-stressed N18-RE-105 cells. Therefore, these results suggest that extracts of MA could be a new potential candidate as a protective substance against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity.

• Herbal Formula Science
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.143-151
• /
• 1999

To evaluate the neurotoxic effect of oxygen radicals in cultured mouse spinal dorsal root ganglion(DRG) neurons, cytotoxicity was determined by MTT assay after cultured DRG neurons were grown in the media containing various concentrations of glucose oxidase(GO). In addition, neuroprotective effect of herb extract, Epimedium Koreanum Nakai was examined by MTT assay in cultured DRG neurons. Cell viability of cultured DRG neurons was remarkably decreased by GO in dose- and time-dependent manner, and Epimedium Koreanum Nakai protected remarkably GO-induced neurotoxicity in these cultures. From the above results, it is suggested that oxygen radicals is toxic in cultured mouse DRG neurons, and herb extracts such as Epimedium Koreanum Nakai are effective in prevention of the neurotoxicity induced by oxygen radicals in cultured mouse DRG neurons.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.251-266
• /
• 1999

1. Purpose : The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Chungsimyeunjatang on the cerebral neurons injured by hydrogen peroxide($H_2O_2$). 2. Methods : I observed cell viability in mouse cerebral neurons exposed to hydrogen peroxide by NR assay and MTT assay and determined lipid peroxidation and amounts of LDH release in mouse cerebral neurons exposed to hydrogen peroxide. After administration of Chungsimyeunjatang water extracts, I observed significant changes of cell viability, lipid peroxidation and amounts of LDH release in mouse cerebral neurons exposed to hydrogen peroxide. 3. Results : Hydrogen peroxide showed neurotoxicity. Cell viability in mouse cerebral neurons exposed to hydrogen peroxide decreased in NR assay and MTT assay. Lipid peroxidation and amounts of LDH release in mouse cerebral neurons exposed to hydrogen peroxide increased. Chungsimyeunjatang was very effective in blocking hydrogen peroxide-induced neurotoxicity.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.213-219
• /
• 2008

The plasticity of nervous system is generated not only due to changes in neurons but also due to changes in neuroglial cells. Astrocyte is important for maintaining the normal brain function and controlling the neuronal functions. The amygdala receives an array of important sensory information of danger signals. This information is further transduced and integrated to produce the highly adaptive emotion, fear. In this study, morphometric changes in the cell bodies of astrocytes in the amygdala, induced by prenatal stress and restraint stress were examined. For this purpose. rats were classified into 4 groups; control group (CON), only restraint-stressed (starting on P90 for 3 days) group (CONR), prenatally-stressed group (PNS), and prenatally and restraint (on P90 for 3 days) stressed group (PNSR). Astrocytes were verified with anti-GFAP immunohistochemistry, counter stained with methylene blue/azure II and were examined using the Neurolucida. Results showed that astrocytes in the amygdala of PNS rats had significantly larger cell bodies than did CON rats and this was enhanced further by restraint stress. Thus this data showed that hypertrophy of the astrocytic cell bodies of amygdala complex is induced by prenatal and restraint stress.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.92-102
• /
• 1988

The ototoxic effects of salicylate on the ultrastructure of spiral ganglion cells were examined. Sodium salicylate($50{\sim}60\/kg$ body weight, once a day for 7 days) were injected subcutaneously to $5{\sim}6$ week-old fifteen Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were sacrificed 24 hours (group 1), 6 weeks (group 2) or 10 weeks (group 3) after the last injection. In group 1 animals, distention of membranous cisternae was found in the cytoplasm of ganglion cells, satellite cells and Schwann cells in which enlargement or multicystic cytosome formation of the mitochondria were shown. In group 2 animals, membranous cisternae became larger or fused to form larger vacuoles or cysts. Shrinkage of spiral ganglion cell cytoplasm and loosening of myelin sheath were seen. In group 3 animals, extensive swelling or loss of nerve fibers were shown along with the folding or partial loss of myelin sheath which caused leakage of ganglion cell cytoplasm. It was concluded that the ototoxicity of salicy-late caused the ultrastructral changes of the spiral ganglion cells which became more severe in group 2 and 3 animals. The possibility of retrograde degeneration following the sensory cell changes was suggested.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
• /
• 2006.10a
• /
• pp.59-62
• /
• 2006

전산 신경과학은 신경 시스템을 생물물리학, 신경회로, 그리고 시스템 레벨 등 여러 가지 관점에서 크기와 구조를 모델링하여 신경 신호의 전달과 전달되는 정보의 내용을 이해하고자 하는 분야이다. 전산 신경과학은 기존의 생물학적인 신경과학 연구에 대한 보완적인 연구방법으로 이론적이고 계산적인 방법을 사용한다. 본 논문에서는 신경 세포에서 반응 인코딩에 해당되는 신호 발생율(firing rate)과 스파이크 통계(spike statistics)를 설명하고, 신경 세포에서 반응 디코딩에 해당되는 스파이크-트레인 디코딩(spike-train decoding)에 대하여 설명한다.