• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.661-665
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-amnesic effect of daebo (Castanea crenata) extract on trimethyltin chloride (TMT)-induced learning and memory impairment, in vivo. The inner skin of daebo was extracted using distilled water under reflux conditions. At the end of the adaptation period, ICR mice were divided into a control group, a TMT injection group (negative control), and a sample group (C5: 5 mg/kg body weight; C10: 10 mg/kg body weight; and C20: 20 mg/kg body weight), and were tested with learning and memory tests. The ethylacetate fraction of the daebo inner skin extract was found to increase TMT-induced memory deficit in the Y-maze and passive avoidance test. Brain tissue analysis showed that the ethylacetate fraction of daebo extract lowered the acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of neuronal cells, both of which are indicative of lipid peroxidation.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 2016

Propionic acidemia (PA) is an autosomal recessively inherited disorder of the organic acid metabolism. It is caused by a deficiency of propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC). PCC is a heteropolymeric enzyme composed of ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-subunits. The clinical symptoms of PA are heterogeneous and present vomiting, dehydration, hypotonia, and lethargy, and it can result in death. The typical presentations of neonatal onset PA are life-threatening metabolic acidosis and hyperammonemia. Here, we described a case of neonatal onset PA with mild clinical presentations. She was born to a healthy mother without complications. No significant illness was observed until nine days after birth. She started exhibiting poor oral feeding, vomiting, lethargy, and hypotonia at ten days old. Her laboratory results showed mild hyperammonemia and acidosis. The initial diagnosis was neonatal sepsis and she was treated with antibiotics. However, her clinical symptoms didn't improve. So we considered a metabolic disease. She was given nothing by mouth and intravenous hydration and nutrition support was performed. Propionylglycine and 3-hydroxypropionic acid were showed high concentrations in urine by gas chromatograph mass spectrometry (GC-MS). C3 level of acylcarnitine analysis elevated 10.4 uM/L (range, 0.200-5.00) in plasma. We took gene analysis for PA to be based on the symptoms and laboratory results. We detected PCCB gene mutation and diagnosed PA. She survived without severe neurologic defects and complications and was hospitalized only three times with upper respiratory tract infections for 7 years. We report a case of a ten days old neonate with PA presenting without severe metabolic acidosis and hyperammonemia who was effectively treated with early aggressive care and conventional methods.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the toxicity of food Red No.2 in the Sprague-Dawley (SD) female rat for 4 weeks. SD rats were orally administered for 28 days, with dosage of 500, 1,000, 2,000 mg/kg/day. Animals treated with food Red No.2 did not cause any death and show any clinical signs. They did not show any significant changes of body weight, feed uptake and water consumption. There were not significantly different from the control group in urinalysis, hematological, serum biochemical value and histopathological examination. In conclusion, 4 weeks of the repetitive oral medication of food Red No.2 has resulted no alteration of toxicity according to the test materials in the group of female rats with injection of 2,000 mg/kg. Therefore, food Red No.2 was not indicated to have any toxic effect in the SD rats, when it was orally administered below the dosage 2,000 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.677-685
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• 2021

Cannabis sativa L. belongs to the Cannabaceae family and is an annual herbaceous flowing plant. The plants can be classified into narcotic marijuana and nonnarcotic hemp. Different parts of C. sativa L. have been used as food, medicine, cosmetics, fiber and textile. However, the use of leaf, flower, and seed of C. sativa L was forbidden in Korea in January 1977 as a result of the Cannabis Control Act due to the narcotic properties. The plant's mature stems have limited uses for the production of fiber and sheets. Recently, various cannabinoids, terpenes and essential fatty acids were identified from C. sativa L., and their safety and useful bio-activities, such as neuroprotective, anti-inflammation, antithrombosis, antiepileptic, and antimicrobial activities, and the relief of pain, have been highlighted. Furthermore, the process of reduction of tetrahydrocannabinol, a representative narcotic compound, and the isolation of cannabidiol, a nonnarcotic active compound in C. sativa L., have been determined. These findings resulted in the legalization of C. sativa L. in Korea for medical use in December 2018 and the exclusion of C. sativa L. from the narcotic list of the UN Commission on Narcotics Drugs (UNCND) in December 2020. Therefore, developments of various high-value added products have commenced worldwide. Additionally, in 2021, the Korean government deregulated special zones based on hemp. In this study, the current status and the prospect of the hemp industry, as well as essential techniques for developing new hemp products, are provided for the activation of the Korea Green-Rush.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.262-270
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• 2004

It is well known that long-term heavy ethanol intake causes alcoholic dementia, cerebellar degeneracy or Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome and aggravates the conditions of many other neuro-psychotic disorders. Recently it is indicated that protein kinase C (PKC) plays an important role in the action of ethanol and in the neuro-adaptational mechanisms under chronic ethanol exposure. In order to investigate the effect of ethanol on PKC isoforms levels within the range of not showing any cytotoxicity, B103 neuroblastoma cell line trans-formed from murine central nervous system was employed and western blot analysis was carried out by using PKC isoform-specific antibodies. The changes of PKC-$\alpha$, ${\gamma}$, $\varepsilon$ and ζ level in the range of ethanol concentration 50∼200 mM were examined at the exposure time 1, 2, 8, 18 and 24 hrs in both cytosolic and membrane fraction. A typical ethanol concentration inducing the PKC isozymes was 100 mM, and the transforming time ranges of PKC isozymes could be considered as two different parts to each PKC isoform such as initial (0∼2 hrs) and prolonged (8∼24 hrs) stages. PKC-${\gamma}$ and PKC-$\varepsilon$ were clearly induced during the prolonged stages in cytosol at 18 hrs, and membrane fraction at 8 hrs and 18 hrs, respectively. On the other hand the PKC-$\alpha$ and PKC-ζ isozymes were largely induced in the prolonged stages at 18 hrs and 24 hrs, where the PKC-$\alpha$ isozyme was induced in both cytosol and membrane fractions at 200 mM ethanol concentration while the PKC-ζ isozyme was induced only in the membrane fractions at 100,200 mM. At 200 mM ethanol concentration of 24 hrs incubation in the prolonged stage, the PKC-$\alpha$ was maximally induced by 150% of the control values whereas the PKC-${\gamma}$ was significantly decreased to 47% of the control values. These results suggest that 100∼200 mM ethanol may modulate the signal transduction and neurotransmitter release in the central nervous system through the regulation of PKC isozymes, and the action of these isoforms may act differently each other in the cell.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.314-328
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• 1997

A cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate the effects of chronic exposure to low-dose solvent on neurobehavioral performance of 48 male workers exposed to organic solvents. A control group of 50 workers was selected from same factories. Each worker completed a medical and occupational questionnaire and four tests of Neurobehavioral Core Test Battery. These included Benton visual retention test, digit symbol, digit span, and pursuit aiming. Comparison of mean performance showed a significantly poorer performance on digit symbol, digit span, and pursuit aiming. In univariate analysis, age contributed to poor performance on Benton visual retention test and educational level was found to reduce the performance on symbol digit in both groups. Amount of alcohol intake was found to reduce the performance on digit symbol and smoking appeared to slow pursuit aiming in the exposure group. In multiple regression analysis, controlling for age, educational level, alcohol, and smoking, Solvent exposure was found to be associated with performance of digit span, and number of correct dot of pursuit aiming. Age on Benton visual retention, educational level on digit symbol, arid smoking on pursuit aiming were found to be a significant factors on each test items. This study suggest that short-term memory, and perception can be affected easily by chronic exposure of organic solvents which air concentration levels were under the Threshold Limit Value.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.228-232
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• 2008

In the present study, we investigated the glutathione S-transferase (GST) induction of medicinal plants using a cultured PC12 cells. The methanol extracts of Dendrobium nobile Lindley, Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briquet, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer, Paenoia lactiflora Pall were tested. As the result, exposure of PC12 cells to G. uralensis resulted in the significant induction of GST. On the continuous experiment, G. uralensis was extracted with methanol, ethanol, and acetone. Among these extracts, methanol extracts showed the highest GST induction. The methanol extracts were further fractionated with hexane, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and water layer according to the degree of polarity. The diethyl ether layer showed the highest exhibited GST induction on PC12 cells. Based on these results suggest that the extracts of G. uralensis can be applicable for the development of a new antioxidant agent.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.241-246
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• 1995

This study was carried out to develop the antitoxic compound about cytotoxicity of cadmium on cultured rat neuroglial cells. These cells divided into 3 groups; control group (medium only) or $MTT_{50}$ group (neuroglial cell, $61{\mu}M$ cadmium) and experimental group ($61{\mu}M$ caffeic acid). Neutral red (NR) and tetrazolium MTT of the colorimetric assay were performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of cell organelles. The light microscopic study was carried out to morphological changes of cultured rat neuroglical cells. The results indicated that caffeic acid showed detoxification effect on cytotoxicity of cadmium in $61{\mu}M$ concentration. According to the spectroscopic study of 1:1 complex of cadmium and caffeic acid, it showed that this formation of complex eliminated cadmium from cultured rat neurogllal cells.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.620-624
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• 2016

The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is mandatory in adipogenesis. In this study, we investigated the applicability of functional materials for the treatment of obesity by examining Wnt/β-catenin pathway reporter activity related to adipocyte differentiation inhibiting with korean native plant extracts. The luciferase activity of HEK 293-TOP cells increased the reporter activity approximately 152% and 130% by treatment with Sanguisorba officinalis and Thuja orientalis, respectively. Ricinus communis were represented about 90% higher activity, two samples(Rosa rugosa and Sophorae Flos) showed 80% higher activity than the control. Three samples of plant extracts (Zanthoxylum piperitum, Pueraria thunbergiana, Solanum nigrum) were about 70% higher activity compared with the non-treated control. Cytotoxicity of plant extracts was not detected in the rat neural stem cells. These results suggest that the selected eight plant extracts are safe compounds. Our findings indicate that Wnt/β-catenin pathway reporter activity could be used for high throughput screening system. In addition, the plant extracts selected as candidates for adipocyte differentiation inhibiting may be potential therapeutic agents for obesity, it will be exploring the possibility of developing an anti-obesity materials through further experiments with selected plant extracts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Urban Environment
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.391-399
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• 2018

In this study, Diazinon which is the most widely used organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) among pesticides was removed by ozone/hydrogen peroxide advanced oxidation process (Peroxone AOP). Diazinon is mainly found in groundwater, drinking water, rivers and ponds that are near agricultural areas using the pesticide. Accumulation of Diazinon on the body in the form of metabolites causes neurotoxicity, confusion, dizziness and vomiting. Diazinon is not easily removed by conventional water treatment processes. This study investigated the Diazinon removal characteristics with OH radicals with strong oxidizing power generated by using ozone and hydrogen peroxide. We determined optimal hydrogen peroxide/ozone injection molar ratio and confirmed the elimination reaction to initial Diazinon concentration, pH and DOC concentration, which are factors influencing the removal efficiency. Domestic researches on pesticide removal in the environment are much less than the cases of overseas. This study is expected to provide a basis for the process design for pesticide removal.