• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.236-241
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• 1998

This study was to compare soil characteristics among Quercus mongolica communities that characterize the boreal-temperate deciduous forest in Korea. The classification of Quercus mongolica community and soil sampling were carried in Mt. Odae and Mt. Jungwang in Kangwondo from April of 1991 to October of 1994. The study area was classified as 5 Quercus mongolica communities with Braun-Blanquet method as follows; Quercus mongolica - Abies nephrolepis, Quercus mongolica - Acer pseudosieboldianum, Quercus mongolica - Lindera obtusiloba, Quercus mongolica - Acer mandshuricum, and Quercus mongolica - Carpinus cordata communities. Quercus mongolica - Abies nephorolepis community had the most shallow depth of A horizon(5cm) among communities, and root penetration was mainly from 0 to 10cm soil depth, and they had a dry soil moisture condition. Depth of A horizon of Quercus mongolica - Lindera obtusiloba and Quercus mongolica - Acer mandshuricum communities was about 20cm, and root penetration was mainly from 0 to 20cm soil depth, and they had a slightly dry soil moisture condition. Quercus mongolica - Acer mandshuricum, and Quercus mongolica -Carpinus cordata communities had the deepest depth of A horizon(35cm) and root was well developed over 45cm, and they had a moderately-slight dry soil condition. The soil organic matter, total N, exchangeable Ca, Mg and K concentration and CEC was the greatest in Quercus mongolica-Acer mandshuricum community and Quercus mongolica-Carpinus cordata community among communities. Quercus mongolica - Abies nephyolepis community had the smallest soil organic matter, total N, and CEC among communities. There were large differences among Quercus mongolica communities by soil properties and the result may be due to different habitat positions in the landscape among communities.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.462-468
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• 1998

Vegetational data from 25 quadrats of Quercus mongolica communities at Hangyeryong and Paekdamsa area in Soraksan National Park were analysed by applying two multivariate methods: two-way indicator species analysis(TWINSPAN) for classification and canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) for ordination. The forest vegetation of Quercus mongolica community was classified into Quercus mongolica-Tilia amurensis, Quercus mongolica-Abies holophylla, Quercus mongolica-Styrax obassis, and Quercus mongolica-Quercus serrata groups according to the TWINSPAN. The relationships between the distribution of dominant groups according ot the TWINSPAN. The relationships between the distribution of dominant groups for forest vegetation and soil condition in Quercus mongolica communities were investigated by analysing elevation and soil nutrition gradients. Quercus mongolica-Tilia amurensis group was distributed in the high elevation and poor nutrition area of total nitrogen and C.E.C., Quercus monholica-Abies holophylla group was distributed in the high elevation and good nutrition area of total nitrogen and C.E.C., Quercus mongolica-Styrax obassia group was distributed in the medium elevation and poor nutrition area of total nitrogen and C.E.C., while Quercus mongolica-Quercus serrata group was distributed in the low elevation and poor nutrition area of total nitrogen and C.E.C.. The dominant factors influencing community distribution were elevation, total nitrogen and C.E.C..

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 1993

The Dalbatjae-Birobong ridge forest in Mt. Sobaek area was studied to investigate forest community structure. Twenty 20m $\times$ 25m plots were set up in the studied ridge forest along altitude of 770m to 1,410m and vegetation analysis for tree stratum of the trees above 1cm DBH was carried out. The leading dominant tree species were Pinus densiflora in the lower elevation and Quercus mongolica in the higher elevation. According to importance value and cluster analysis, the studied ridge forest was classified into four forest communities of Pinus densiflora community, Pinus densiflora-Quercus mongolica community. Quercus mongolica community and Quercus mongolica-deciduous tree species community. According to importance value of major tree species in canopy and understory, the present community type seems to continue for a relatively long time. Species diversity of Pinus densiflora community, Pinus densiflora-Quercus mongolica community, Quercus mongolica community and Quercus mongolica-deciduous tree species community were 0.6791, 0.6850, 0.5296 and 0.7136, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.18-27
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• 2000

지리산국립공원 동부지역인 경남하동군 화개면에 위치하는 삼신봉(해발 1,284m) 산림 중 산불이 발생하였던 지역의 식생회복현황을 파악하기 위해 산불이 발생하였던 지역에 20개 조사구 대조지역에 12개 조사구를 설정하고 연구를 수행하였다 산불이 발생하였던 지역에 설정한 20개 조사구를 대상으로 TWINSPAN과 DCA를 분석한 결과 신갈나무군집(I) 신갈나무-쇠물푸레군집(II) 으로 분리되었고 대조지역에 설정한 조사구는 신갈나무군집(II)이었다 군집 I과 군집II에서 교목층과 아교목층의 대부분 수목이 고사상태이었고 관목층에서는 산화후 천이 초기에 나타나는 조록싸리가 우점하고 있었다 상대우점치와 유사도지수를 분석한 결과 산불이 발생하였던 신갈나무군집(I) 신갈나무-쇠물푸레군집(II) 은 대조구인 신갈나무군집(III)과 유사도지수분석에서 유사성이 높았는데 산불발생 이후 피해를 입은 신갈나무가 맹아에 의해 회복속도가 빠른 것으로 추정되었다 Shannon의 종다양도는 산불지역(군집 I,II)에서 각각 0.3259, 0.4727이었고 대조구 (군집III)는 0.1084로 나타났다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.9-24
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• 1991

To elucidate the actual vegetation of Nature Ecology Conservation area in Mt. Chiri, forest communities were classified phytosoclologically by species composition and phsiognomy. There included 13 forests ranging from temperate-cool zone to sub-cold zone in the surveyed area. Actual vegetation map was drawn on the basis of classified forest communities. The forest communities classified in the area were summarized as follows ; 1. Querus serrata community 2. Carpinus laxiflora community 3. Q. serrata-C. laxiflora community 4. Stewartia koreana community 5. Acer mono community 6. Carpinus cordata community 7. Fraxinus mandshurica community 8. Carpinus tschonoskii community 9. Pinus densiflora community 10. Querus mongolica Community 1) Rhododendron schlippenachii subcommunity 2) Lenedeza maximowiczii subcommunity 11. Abies nephrolepis community 12. Abies koreana community 1) Querus mongolica subcommunity 2) Pinus koraienis subcommunity 13. Rhododendron schlippenbachii community Among above forest communities, Querus serrata community distributed from 700m to 1,000m in the ridges, Carpinus laxiflora community in the valleys, Quercus mongolica community from 1,000m to 1,400m, and Abies koreana community and Abies nephrolepis community from 1,400m to 1,700m.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.397-406
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• 1998

To investigate the structure and the conservation strategy of natural forest at Taech'ongbong-Hangyeryong Area in Soraksan. 45 plots(20m*20m) set up with random sampling method were surveted. Four groups - Quercus mongolica - Acer pseudosieboldianum community, Avies nephrolepis - Tilia amurensis - Quercus mongolica community, Abies nephrolepis - Taxus cuspidata community, Abies nephrolepis - Qurecusmongolica community - were classified by cluster analysis. High positive correlations were proved between Abies nephrolepis and Betula ermanii; Abies nephrolepis and Pinus pumila; Aies nephrolepis and Rhododendron mucronulatum var. ciliatum; Betula ermanii and Pinus pumila; Betula ermanii and Rhododendron mucronulatum var. ciliatum; Pinus pumila and Rhododendron mucronulatm var. ciliatum; Quercus mongolica and Rhododendron schlippenbachii; Quercus mongolica and Qeigela subsessilis; Euonymus macroptera and Syringa reticulata; Euonymus macroptera and Viburnum wrightii; Acer ukurunduense and Euonymus oxyphyllus, and high nagative correlations were proved between Betula ermanii and Acer pseudosieboldianum; Quercus mongolica and Tripterygium regelii; Rhododendron schlippenbachii and Tripterygium regelii; Carpinus cordata and Acer pseudosieboldianum. Species diversity(H') of investigated area was calculated 2.1352~2.8016.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.287-295
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• 2001

계룡산국립공원 자연보존지구 천연림의 군집구조를 정확히 파악하여 앞으로의 식생관리에 있어서 기초자료를 마련하고자 34개 방형구(10m$\times$10m)를 설치하여 식생을 조사하였다. Cluster 분석 결과 조사대상지는 활엽수혼효림군집, 신갈나무-쪽동백나무군집 및 신갈나무-소나무군집으로 나뉘어졌다. 수종간의 상관관계에서는 신갈나무와 개옻나무; 까지박달나무와 층층나무; 쪽동백나무와 상수리나무; 비목나무와 느티나무, 고로쇠나무; 느티나무과 고로쇠나무, 참회나무; 쇠물푸레나무와 조록싸리, 노린재나무, 산딸기나무, 굴참나무 및 소나무; 고추나무와 상수리나무, 산뽕나무; 진달래와 개옻나무; 산철쭉과 굴참나무, 소나무, 상수리나무; 굴참나무와 소나무; 상수리나무와 병꽃나무; 고로쇠나무와 산뽕나무; 물푸레나무와 산뽕나무; 바위말발도리와 산뽕나무등의 종들간에는 정의 상관관계가 인정되었고, 신갈나무와 까지박달나무; 신갈나무와 층층나무; 노린재나무와 쪽동백나무등의 종들간에는 부의 상관관계가 인정되었다. 환경인자와 상관에서 쪽동백나무와 진달래는 해발고와 부의 상관이 인정되었으며, 사면의 방위와는 산딸기가 부의 상관이 인정되었다. 본 조사지의 종다양도는 1.4592~1.2917로 비교적 높은 편이었다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.547-555
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• 2010

To investigate the vegetation structure of mountain ridge from Bammeorijae to Woongseokbong, 25 plots($400m^2$) selected by random sampling method were surveyed. Three groups of Quercus mongolica - Pinus densiflora community, Q. dentata community and Q. mongolica - Q. dentata community were classified by cluster analysis. Q. dentata, Q. variabilis, Pinus densiflora, Acer pseudosieboldianum and Q. mongolica were found as mostly dominant woody plant species in the Woongseok-bong area. In the future, the importance percentage of Pinus densiflora might be eventually decreased, but those of Q. mongolica, Q. variabilis and Q. dendata might be gradually increased. There were strong positive correlations between Pinus densiflora, Zanthoxylum piperium and Lindera obtusiloba; Q. mongolica and Rhododendron mucronulatum; Styrax obassia and R. schlippenbachii; Fraxinus sieboldiana, Zanthoxylum piperium and Styrax obassia; Acer pseudosieboldianum and Fraxinus sieboldiana; Cornus controversa and Corylopsis coreana were relatively weak negative correlations between Q. dentata and Q. mongolica; Lindera erythrocarpa, Q. mongolica and Q. variabilis; Q. mongolica, Larix leptolepis and Q. variabilis; Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa and Rhododendron mucronulatum. Species diversity index(H') of investigated groups was ranged from 0.09832 to 1.1102.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.382-391
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• 2000

지리산국립공원 연하천계곡의 식물군집구조를 조사하기 위해서 48개의 조사구(1개 조사구 단위면적 100m2)를 설정하고 식생조사를 하였다 48개의 조사구는 DCA 분석에 의하여 2개의 군집(들메나무군집 시날나무군집)으로 분류되었다 층위별상대우점치와 흉고직경급별 분포 분석결과 들메나무와 신갈나무는 현상태를 계속유지할 것으로 보이며 들메나무군집은 계곡부 토지극상림을 이루고 있었다 연하천계곡의 Shannon 종다양도지수는 들메나무군집은 1.0810 신갈나무군집은 0.2468이었다 들메나무는 함박꽃나무 물참대 참회나무 바위 마발도리 개회나무와 정의 상관관계를 보였으며 신갈나무 생강나무, 조릿대, 노린재 , 당단풍과 부의상관관계를 보였다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.392-403
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• 2000

지리산국립공원 거림계곡 식물군집구조를 파악하기 위하여 거림계곡 내 등산로를 따라 66개(6,600m2)의 방형구를 설정하였으며 DCA 기법을 이용하여 분석한 결과 해발고 740-950m 의 조사구는 졸참나무군집(군집I) 해발 950-1,340m의 조사구는 신갈나무군집(군집II) 해발 1,340-1,390m의 조사구는 구상나무-거제수나무군집(군집III)으로 분류되었다 상대우점치 흉고직경급별 분포 분석결과 각 군집의 우점종인 졸참나무 신갈나무 구상나무가 우점하는 군집으로 계속유지될것으로 판단되었으며 특히 관목층은 조랫대의 밀도가 높아 천이진행에 영향을 주는 동시에 종다양도가 낮은 것으로 판단되었다 한편 3개 군집간의 유사도지수는 낮은 상태로 해발고에 따라 식생구분이 명확하였다