• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.33-44
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• 2014

Purpose: Elevated serum phosphorus and potassium levels are a major problem for hemodialysis (HD) patients. Hyperphosphatemia and hyperkalemia are closely related to intake of dietary phosphorus and potassium. Methods: This study was conducted in order to investigate the effects of food consumed on serum phosphorus and potassium levels in 48 HD patients (20 males and 28 females). We collected anthropometric data, biochemical parameters, and dietary data of the subjects. Dietary data for usual intake were obtained by use of a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) consisting of 21 food items. Results: The mean body mass index (BMI) was $22.2{\pm}3.0kg/m^2$, mean serum phosphorus level was $4.50{\pm}1.52mg/dl$, and mean serum potassium level was $4.74{\pm}0.73mEq/l$. Hyperphosphatemia (> 4.5 mg/dl) was found in 45.8% of subjects, and hyperkalemia (> 5.0 mEq/l) in 35.4%. Subjects who took medication only were 56% of total, and those who took medication with dietary therapy were 27%. Patients with medication and dietary therapy showed significantly lower serum phosphorus levels compared to patients with medication only (p < 0.05). Mean duration of HD was $7.9{\pm}7.3$ years and it showed positive correlation with serum potassium levels (p < 0.05). Serum phosphorus levels showed positive correlation with intake of mixed grains and soybean milk (p < 0.05). Serum potassium levels showed positive correlation with intake of mixed grains (p < 0.01), potatoes, fish, and high-potassium vegetables (p < 0.05). On the other hand, intake of white rice showed negative correlation with serum potassium levels (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that intake of white rice rather than mixed grains is an important factor in sustaining normal serum phosphorus and potassium levels. In addition, limiting intake of soybean milk, potatoes, and fish to under three serving per week is recommended. Finally, conduct of a strict dietary therapy along with medical treatment is desirable because inappropriate food intake increases serum phosphorus and potassium levels to a higher than normal range.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

Purpose: 3-methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase deficiency (3MCCD) is leucine metabolic disorder caused by mutation in MCCC1 or MCCC2 gene. Clinical manifestations are variable, ranging from fatal neonatal onset to asymptomatic individuals. There is no retrospective study of Korean patients undergoing long-term treatment for 3MCCD. We reported this study to find out clinical symptoms and gene analysis of 3MCCD patients. Methods: This study was based on data of patients diagnosed with 3MCCD in Soonchunhyang university hospital between April 2009 and September 2013. We report clinical, enzymatic and mutation data of 3MCCD patients found by newborn screening. Results: In tandem mass spectrometry, 3-OH-isovalerylcarnitine (C5OH) of all patients increased. And all 7 patients were elevated 3-methylcrotonylglycine (3MCG) and 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid (3HIVA) in urine. MCCC mutation was identified in 2 patients and MCCC2 was mutated in 5 patients. We found mutation occurred in 8 different parts of nucleotide and such mutation caused 7 different types of changes in amino acid. All patients are on medication of L-carnitine and L-glycine. 4 patients are taking biotin. And 4 patients are eating leucine free formula. After starting treatment, there were no significant changes of urine 3MCG and 3HIVA levels. Conclusions: According to our data, MCCC2 gene mutation was more common than MCCC1 gene mutation. But the level of 3HIVA or 3MCG in urine has no correlation with phenotype. All patients has no symptoms and are shown normal development.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.754-766
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• 2008

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of nutrient intake levels on the relative risk of breast cancer in the Daegu and Gyeongbuk area. The case subjects were 103 patients newly diagnosed as breast cancer at Kyungpook National University Hospital. The control subjects were 159 healthy women without breast cancer-related disease in the same community selected by frequency matching of age and menopausal status. The survey was administered by individual interviews by trained dietitians using semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires. The odds ratios were determined by using unconditional logistic regression after adjusting for the confounding factors found in the analysis of general characteristics of the subjects. In overall, it has been found that high consumptions of energy and carbohydrates significantly raised the relative risk of breast cancer, and that high intakes of total fat, plant fat, dietary fiber, all kinds of fatty acids, vitamin E and calcium significantly lowered the risk of breast cancer. The results of the study suggest that the possible protective factors to the breast cancer risk include a higher intakes of total fat, especially plant fat, dietary fiber, and micronutrients such as vitamin E, folic acid, calcium, phosphorus and potassium. On the other hand, high intakes of energy and carbohydrate appeared to be the risk factors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.697-702
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• 2001

This study was done to investigate effects of Korean mistletoe extract and lectin on serum GOT, GPT and $\alpha$-L-fucosidase activities and the preneoplastic lesion in chemically induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis. To attain the above objectives weanling Sprangue-Dawley male rats were fed modified AIN-76 diets containing 10% corn oil for 9 weeks. One week after feeding rats were intraperitonealy injected twice with a dose of diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 50 mg/kg body weight(BW)) and were provided 0.05% phenobarbita (PB) with drinking water from one week after DEN treatment until the end of experiment. For the same period as PB treatment, rats were injected mistletoe extract (10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg BW European mistletoe, 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg BW and 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg BW Korean mistletoe) and lectin(1 ng/kg BW, 10 ng/kg BW) twice a week. At the end of 9th week rats were sacrificed and the formation of hepatic glutthione S-transferase placental form positive (GST-P+) foci serum GOT, GPT and $\alpha$-L-fucosidase activities were determined. By treatment of mistletoe extract or lectin there were no significant effects on serum GOP, GPT and $\alpha$-L-fucosidase activities whereas those activities showed a tendency to increase by DEN treatment. The formation of GST-P+ foci was significantly decreased by mistletoe extract or lectin treatment especially in group of 100$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg BW Korean mistletoe. These results suggest that Korean mistletoe extract and lectin have a possibility to inhibit hepatocarcinogenesis of animals.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.116-126
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• 1993

The purposes of this study were to investigate the effect of seleniumc (Se) and vitamin E on activity of enzyme relevant to lipid peroxidation in alcohol administrated rats. Seventy two male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain weighing about 58~62g were divided into 12groups. The dietary Se levels were 0, 0.4 and 10mg and the dietary vitamin E levels were 0 and 150mg per kg diet, respectively. Alcohol-administrated groups received drinking water solution containing 10% of ethanol from the 3-weeks of experimental periods. The obtained experimental results are summarized as follow: The ${\gamma}$-GTP activity in plasma was higher in alcohol administrated groups and high selenium group (HSe) and low selenium group (LSe) than in control groups (CSe). The ${\gamma}$-GOT and GPT activities were higher in alcohol groups. The ${\gamma}$-GTP activity was significantly influenced by alcohol in LSe groups than in other groups. The glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity of plasma was significantly lower in LSe groups than HSe and CSe groups. The GSH-Px activity of microsomal and cytosolic fraction was slightly lower in alcohol groups and was about a half value lower in HSe and LSe groups than CSe groups. There was negative correlation between plasma Se level and GSH-Px activity of cytosolic fraction in HSe groups (r=- 0.662, p<0.001) and positive correlation in LSe groups (r=0.640, p<0.001). The GSH S-transferase activity in microsomal and cytosolic fraction was slightly higher in alcohol administrated but vitamin E nonadministrated groups, and significantly higher in LSe groups than in other groups. The catalase activity in mitochondria was lower in HSe than CSe groups, but rather higher in LSe groups. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in cytosolic fraction of liver was not found any effect in all groups. The cytochrome P-450 was higher in alcohol groups, but significantly lower in HSe groups. In conclusion, the deficiency of Se and vitamin E develops the hyperoxidation of liver lipid through the increase of activity of enzyme related to the lipid peroxidation and alcohol administration appears to further increase of hyperoxidation of liver lipid.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.338-344
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• 2015

In an effort to restore the amphibians in urban freshwater system the characteristics of feeding activity of Rana rugosa living in Gyeonggi-provinces (Yangpyeong-gun and Namyangju-si) was analyzed from 2013 to 2014. The stomach contents of R. rugosa was analyzed non-invasively and compared to organisms captured by sweeping and trapping in their habitat. As a result, Hymenoptera and Cleoptera were primarily preyed by R. rugosa. Particularly, the proportion of Formicidae was more than 98% among the preyed Hymenoptera. Trapped insects in the habitat of R. rugosa's in Namyangju were Hymenoptera (58%, Formicidae 99%), Collembola (17%), Orthoptera (10%) and Diptera (9%) in order in order. In Yangpyeong, trapped insects were Collembola (49%), Orthoptera (14%), Arachnida (9%), Diptera (9%), Cleoptera (7%) and Hymenoptera (3%). Even though Hemiptera and Diptera species are abundant in the streamside zones, R. rugosa could easily hunt Formicidae or Coleoptera on rocks or grassland at streamside. R. rugosa consume small sized ground-insects that are easily found rather than searching for the specific prey. Prey resource of urban stream may be not a limiting factor of R. rugosa inhabitation.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.782-788
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• 2002

Several non-destructive test methods have been developed to estimate compressive strength of concrete in other countries. However, their applications are limited in domestic concrete due to their inaccuracies. The purpose of this study is to propose an aging coefficient of compressive strength of structural concrete in rebound number method and ultrasonic pulse velocity method for domestic concrete. The test variables include type of aggregate, curing condition, and compressive strength. Two approaches are used to estimate aging coefficient. One is evaluated by uniform linear regression equation for all ages and shows uniform strength reduction coefficient regardless of material properties and the other is evaluated by individual regression equation for each ages and shows nonuniform strength reduction and rebound increasing coefficients which decrease with increasing of rebound number and compressive strength. The latter result which can include the effect of rebound number and compressive strength is more resonable than the former.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.481-489
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• 2007

Maxillary canine impaction is a frequently encountered clinical problem, and it may cause the resorption of adjacent tooth or cystic change. Treatment plan for maxillary canine impaction should be decided among extraction, orthodontic traction and autotransplantation according to several factors such as direction and position of unerupted tooth, degree of developing root apex, eruption space, exsitance of supernumerary tooth, odontoma, or cyst. Autotransplantation is a valuable alternative to extraction of impacted teeth, where surgical exposure and subsequent orthodontic realignment are difficult or impossible due to unfavorable impaction position. And its prognosis is dependent on a number of factors such as preservation of periodontal ligament, degree of root development, surgical technique, patient's age, endodontic treatment, time and type of splinting and storage medium, etc. The patients in these cases visited our dental clinic in the late permanent dentition with the chief complaint of unerupted maxillary canines. And it was thought that the spontaneous eruption guidance or orthodontic traction and alignment were difficult because of its unfavorable impacted position. Therefore, autotransplantaion and endodontic treatment were done and have been checked periodically until now.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.218-228
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• 1999

This study was conducted to obtain the information on dry matter productivity in Angelica gigas Nakai for establishing the cultivation method. Cultivation methods such as direct seeding on Mar. 31, Apr. 15 and Apr. 30, and transplanting of $8^{\frac{1}{2}}$, 9, 12 months old seedling were investigated. There were similar tendencies in changes of agronomic characters for all cultivation methods. Dry weight started to increase from 120 DAS. Direct seedling showed vigorous growth for aerial part, whereas transplanting showed better underground part. The quadratic polynomial was suitable to dry weight of root after 120 DAS (or DAT) .Short growing time had higher RGR and NAR independent of cultivation method but Direct seeding on Mar. 31 and transplanting of 9 months old seedling had the highest CGRs. LAI was positively correlated with CGR, and CGR had the highest value as $6.74\g/m^2/day$ when LAI was 1.97. RGR and NAR increased as mean temperature was increased and showed the highest value around . The highest net production of leaf and petiole was obtained at 20 and$23^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.118-129
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the effect of lysine-limited diets containing different levels of L-carnitine on body weight and lipid metabolism in obesity-induced adult rats. Eight-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 90) were raised for one month with high fat diet (40% fat as calorie) to induce obesity. After induction of obesity, rats weighing 739.5 g were randomly blocked into three groups according to the body weight and raised for eight weeks with control diet (Co), 50% lysine-limited diet (-L), 50% lysine limitation with 0.3% pivalate diet (-L + P). Each of three groups was allotted to 0.0% L-carnitine (0.0% CT), 0.5% L-carnitine (0.5% CT) and 2.5% L-carnitine (2.5% CT) groups, respectively. The levels of AST, ALT, total protein and albumin in plasma were within the normal range. Daily food intake and calorie intake tended to be lower in 2.5% CT groups than those of other groups regardless lysine limitation or pivalate intake. And body weight gain and calorie efficiency ratio (weight gain (g) /calorie intake (100 kcal)) were significantly the lowest in 2.5% CT groups among all experimental groups regardless of lysine limitation or pivalate intake. The weights of perirenal, epididymal fat pads and brown adipose tissue in 2.5% CT groups were significantly lower than 0.0% CT groups. Plasma total lipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol concentrations in all groups were not significant by experimental compound. HDL-cholesterol concentrations in -L + P +2.5% CT group were highest in -L + P groups. Levels of hepatic total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol in 2.5% CT groups were tend to be lower those than in 0.0% CT groups regardless of dietary lysine limitation and pivalate intake. Fecal total lipid excretions of 2.5% CT groups were significantly lower than in 0.0% CT groups in all experimental groups. But fecal triglyceride excretions of 2.5% CT groups were significantly higher than 0.0% CT groups regardless of lysine limitation and pivalate. In conclusion, there was no difference on body weight and lipid metabolism by dietary lysine limitation and pivalate intake. And feeding of 2.5% L-carnitine was more effective than feeding of 0.5% L-carnitine and 0.0% L-carnitine in reduction of body weight, body fat and lipid metabolism.