• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.384-401
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• 2016

The vegetation assessment indicator has been developed recently as a biological part of the integrated assessment system for river environment to improve the efficiency of river restoration projects. This study carried out to test the vegetation assessment indicator and to reset its grade criteria on experimental streams. We classified and mapped vegetation communities at the level of physiognomic-floristic composition by each assessment unit. A total of 204 sampling quadrats were set up on the 68 assessment units at 5 experimental streams. By analyzing the vegetation data collected, we examined the appropriate numbers of sampling quadrats, the criteria of vegetation index score, classification of vegetation community, and grade criteria for vegetation assessment. The developed vegetation assessment indicator composed with the vegetation complexity index (VCI), the vegetation diversity index (VDI), and the vegetation naturalness index (VNI) was proved to reflect the current conditions of the streams sufficiently. The contribution of vegetation naturalness index to grading by vegetation assessment indicator was larger, but three indexes were closely correlated to each other. Also there was more clearer discrimination of grading with the application of adjusted criteria of vegetation assessment indicator and the standardized classification of vegetation community, but the stream segment type did not influence the vegetation assessment grade significantly.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.388-408
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• 2022

This study was conducted to select the indicator species (plant) according to the topographical characteristics in the Picea jezoensis forests, endangered subalpine coniferous trees. In South Korea and China (close to Baekdusan), the southern tree line limit of Picea jezoensis has meaningful geographical and latitudinal values for analyzing the ecological characteristics of P. jezoensis forests. Latitude greatly affects the geographical values of plant ecology, and the difference in latitude and habitat affects the change in species composition in forests. With prolonged environmental change, the habitat of subalpine plants will become smaller, and the plants may become extinct. As the P. jezoensis forests of South Korea and China, in particular, are in danger of disappearing without protection, it is important to monitor the population and develop a conservation strategy. Eighty-seven circular plots were established in P. jezoensis forests in South Korea and China. Through processes such as MRPP-test and NMS ordination, indicator species were selected based on this, and basic data for biodiversity assessment were presented. As a result of the Indicator Species Analysis (ISA), 5 taxa were selected from the upperstory vegetation and 18 taxa from the understory vegetation at the altitude(p<0.05). Indicator species by aspect were analyzed as 3 taxa for upperstory vegetation and 16 taxa for understory vegetation (p<0.05). In the case of indicator species according to the slope, 6 taxa for upper vegetation and 24 taxa for understory vegetation were selected(p<0.05). As for the indicator species according to their habitat, 8 taxa in upper vegetation and 65 taxa on understory vegetation were selected. As a result of MRPP-test, it was analyzed that the species composition was heterogeneous in the group of understory vegetation than that of upperstory vegetation. As a result of NMS ordination, the correlation with environmental factors of indicator species was analyzed by rock exposure for upperstory vegetation and latitude for understory vegetation (cut off level=0.3).

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture Conference
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• 2013.11a
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• pp.83-84
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• 2013

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.52 no.spc2
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• pp.765-776
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to provide the legal and institutional guidelines and standards that can be used in the whole river restoration project and to analyze and evaluate the performance of the river project. We constructed an assessment system of four biological taxa that can represent the river environments, namely, evaluation indexes and standards of vegetation and birds, benthic invertebrates and fishes. Specifically, the assessment indicator and criteria of biological characteristics are summarized, so that in case of vegetation community, vegetation diversity, vegetation complexity, and vegetation naturalness can be quantitatively assessed through the combination of three indices. Based on the scientific basis of the advanced techniques, benthic invertebrates, fishes, and birds were proposed to quantitatively evaluate assessment grades according to the classification of biological data. In order to evaluate biological characteristics, which are a part of river environmental naturalness, we proposed a comprehensive biological index and evaluation grade applying the weight of these four biological taxa, and it clearly reflects the characteristics of river environment in test bed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.209-209
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• 2020

환경부 자료에 따르면 1990년대부터 2000년대 후반까지 국내의 도시면적은 696,239㎢ 증가했다. 도시지역에서의 불투수면적이 차지하는 비율은 25% ~ 80%로 적지 않은 비율을 차지한다. 따라서 도시면적이 증가하면 이는 불투수면적의 증가로 이어지며 이로인한 지표유출로 오염물질의 유입이 늘어나게 되면, 수질오염중 비점오염원이 차지하는 비중의 증가한다. 비점오염원으로 인해 발생하는 환경문제를 해결하기 위해 LID(Low Impact Develpment)시설에 대한 연구가 많이 진행되었다. 본 연구에서는 7년간의 선행 연구결과를 바탕으로 LID 시설별 오염물질 저감효율을 비교분석하였다. 용인 삼계리에 위치한 식생수로 오염지표들의 유입, 유출EMC를 토대로 제거 효율에 대한 평가를 해보면 TSS는 46%, BOD는 48%, COD는 56%. TN은 42% 그리고 TP는 58%가 나왔다. 용인 해곡동에 위치한 식생여과대의 경우 TSS는 83%, BOD는 45%, COD는 43%, TN은 39%, 그리고 TP는 62%가 나왔다. 마지막으로 전주에 위치한 식생체류지의 경우 TSS는 100%, BOD는 75%, TOC는 62%, TN은 67% 그리고 TP는 83%가 나왔다. 이들 자료를 바탕으로 효율성 평가를 해보면 먼저 식생수로의 경우 TP 저감 효율이 58%로 가장 높았으며 TN 저감 효율이 42%로 가장 낮았다. 식생여과대의 경우 TSS 저감 효율이 83%로 가장 높았으며 TN 저감 효율이 39%로 가장 낮았다. 마지막으로 식생체류지의 경우 TSS 저감 효율이 100%에 가까운 양질의 제거효율을 보여주었으며, TOC의 경우 67%로 제일 낮은 제거효율을 보였다. 위 결과를 토대로 판단을 해보면 식생체류지가 전반적으로 좋은 지표를 보였으며 대부분의 상황에 양호한 제거효율을 기대할 수 있다고 생각된다. 식생 LID시설은 자연친화적이며 강우유출과 오염물질을 제거할 수 있다는 장점이 있는 반면, 장치형 LID시설에 비해 넓은 부지면적을 필요로 하므로 설치 지역의 특성에 맞게 LID 시설을 시공하는것이 적절하다고 판단된다. 해당 연구결과는 향후 식생형 LID시설을 설계하는데 있어서 기초자료로 반영될 것으로 기대된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.109-110
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• 2013

도심화는 녹지의 제거로 인해 야기괴는 다양한 환경문제를 일으킨다. 이러한 도심화 현상은 종종 원격탐사영상을 이용하여 평가되는데, 대표적으로 정규식생지수와 지표온도를 통해 이루어진다. 그러나 식생지수는 두 개의 광학채널을 이용하기 때문에 식생이 아닌 도심지에서 식생과 같은 지수를 나타나는 오류가 발생한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 도심지에서 정규식생지수와 지표온도가 도심지 표면의 물질의 혼합에 따라 어떻게 변화하는지 관찰하였다.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.516-531
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• 2015

In this study, a software module to predict the effectiveness of vegetation buffer strip (VBS) has been developed for using with Chemicals, Agricultural Management and Erosion Losses (CAMEL), a distributed watershed model. Most basic functions for the VBS module are same as CAMEL except functions newly developed to implement sedimentation enhancement by vegetation and level spreaders. For verification of the VBS module, sensitivity analyses for length, roughness, soil and vegetation type of VBS were carried out using a test grid cell. The surface discharge of sediment are highly sensitive to the roughness coefficient of VBS. The removal efficiencies of VBS for the surface discharges of sediment and TP are generally high regardless of environment changes. The surface discharges of TOC and TN are highly sensitive to the length and soil of VBS. The removal efficiencies of VBS for the surface discharges of TOC and TN are generally lower than those of sediment and TP. The newly developed VBS module reasonably simulates the removal efficiencies of surface discharges that vary according to the environment changes. It is expected that this VBS module can be used for evaluating the effectiveness of VBS-based best management practices to be applied to reduce pollution discharges from various non-point sources.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.321-332
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• 2024

Understanding the status of surface cover in riparian zones is essential for river management and flood disaster prevention. Traditional survey methods rely on expert interpretation of vegetation through vegetation mapping or indices. However, these methods are limited by their ability to accurately reflect dynamically changing river environments. Against this backdrop, this study utilized satellite imagery to apply the Random Forest method to assess the distribution of vegetation in rivers over multiple years, focusing on the Naeseong Stream as a case study. Remote sensing data from Sentinel-2 imagery were combined with ground truth data from the Naeseong Stream surface cover in 2016. The Random Forest machine learning algorithm was used to extract and train 1,000 samples per surface cover from ten predetermined sampling areas, followed by validation. A sensitivity analysis, annual surface cover analysis, and accuracy assessment were conducted to evaluate their applicability. The results showed an accuracy of 85.1% based on the validation data. Sensitivity analysis indicated the highest efficiency in 30 trees, 800 samples, and the downstream river section. Surface cover analysis accurately reflects the actual river environment. The accuracy analysis identified 14.9% boundary and internal errors, with high accuracy observed in six categories, excluding scattered and herbaceous vegetation. Although this study focused on a single river, applying the surface cover classification method to multiple rivers is necessary to obtain more accurate and comprehensive data.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.430-440
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• 2020

The application contents, process, and its limitations are discussed for the setting of Korean legal guides & criteria for water cycle and ecological condition in development project of land use by thorough comparison and examination of prerequisites and credits of water cycle and soil+vegetation by USA's SITES (Sustainable Sites Initiative). In the case of SITES, due to the implementation procedure operated as a non-governmental independent assessment system by Green Business Certification, Inc, the natural condition of water cycle and soil-vegetation items-the key element of ecosystem services can be quantitatively assessed, well along with its legal and institutional guidelines and regulations. On the other hand, in the case of Korea, as a part of the national certification procedure for green building, the ecological area ratio system still have very limited role as an only amenity resource in the creation of artificial green spaces and insufficiency of management system for rain water. In conclusion, it was understood as an urgent situation in necessary for prompt establishment of site's sustainability certification system at the national level, based on management of water circulation and natural soil & vegetation in developed area with consideration of various land uses and types of development projects.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.563-567
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• 2015

우리나라 하천관리의 패러다임은 1990년대 이후 기존의 치수 및 이수능력을 고려함과 동시에 하천환경의 보전 및 복원을 새로운 목표로 설정한 자연친화적 방식으로 변화되었다. 하천법령 및 제도적 측면에서도 수자원 장기종합계획 및 유역 종합 치수계획은 하천의 환경보전 및 다목적 이용계획을 포함하도록 규정하고 있으며, 국내 하천법에 따르면 하천기본계획 수립 또한 자연친화적 하천조성 및 이와 관련된 보전지구 지정 등을 포함하도록 규정하고 있다. 하천설계기준, 자연 친화적 하천관리에 관한 통합지침, 또는 수자원 장기종합계획에서 적용하고 있는 하천환경조사 및 평가지표는 서로 다를 뿐만 아니라 과학적인 근거가 명확하지 않는 등 국가차원의 표준화가 이루어지지 못한 상태라 할 수 있다. 1990년대 이후 미국, 독일, 영국, 호주 등 선진국들은 하천환경 복원사업의 추진과정에서 복원사업의 타당성 제고 및 성공적인 사업수행을 위하여 그들 국가의 하천특성에 적합한 하천환경 평가 체계를 구축한 바 있으며, 이들 평가체계는 새로운 과학적 지식과 기술의 축적에 힘입어 지속적으로 발전되고 있다. Fujita의 유형화(Segment 분류)법에 의하면, 하천구간(Segment)은 하상경사, 하상재료, 식생, 생태 등이 통계적으로 동질인 하천 구간으로서, 하도 특성과 하천생태계 공간을 구분하는 단위이다. 자연하천에서 동일한 경사를 갖는 하천구간은 하상재료, 소류력, 저수로 폭, 수심 등이 대체로 동일한 값을 나타내고 있으며, 하도 특성을 지배하는 주요 인자로 각 하천의 평균 연최대유량, 하상재료의 대표입경, 하상경사 등을 설정하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 하천구간을 유형화하는 기준을 하상경사로 적용하여 평가단위를 분류하였으며, 평가체계는 미국의 USEPA를 한국형 하천환경에 맞도록 수정보완 하였다. 특히 미국의 USEPA의 지표 중 하안영역의 식생피복, 하반림 등은 생물분야 식생영역과 상충되어 제외하고 우리나라 특성에 적합한 하천횡단형상, 하천횡단 구조물 등의 평가기준을 재정립하여 내성천에 평가적용 분석하였다. 하천환경의 수리 및 하도 특성 평가기준 개발에 따라 평가체계의 개념적 틀을 토대로 통합적이고 표준화된 한국형 하천평가기준 개발을 위한 방법론을 정립하고, 나아가 하천환경의 지속가능성을 전제로 한 하천복원사업의 장 단기적 성공 여부를 평가할 수 있는 실무지침의 과학적 근거를 제시하고자 한다.