• Journal of Ginseng Culture
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• v.1
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• pp.93-109
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• 2019

This study aims to look at the process of ginseng being removed from the Western pharmacopoeia in the 19th century, experiencing a crisis as an export product in the America in the 20th century, and eventually settling in the U.S. society and the military as a dietary supplement in the 21th century. In this process, the legislation of provided a bridgehead for ginseng and other botanical dietary supplements to enter the U.S. market. As a result, ginseng could be re-listed in the U.S. pharmacopoeia as a dietary supplement. However, this did not mean a complete soft landing of ginseng and other botanical dietary supplements in the America. The U.S. medical community, which has been afraid of the indiscriminate spread of botanical dietary supplements, has constantly raised "the risk-discourse" and expressed concerns over the use and abuse of botanical dietary supplements that have not been scientifically verified. This involved not only the fundamental problems caused by the lax verification process of , but also a new atmosphere in the U.S. where the public sought information about botanical dietary supplements rather than seeking professional clinicians related to their health. Against this situation, "the advocate-discourse" suggested by dietary supplement manufacturers and the people in charge of botanical products seemed rather relaxed. As consumers are taking this side, the advocates had only to stress that botanical dietary supplements have been used worldwide for a long time without any problems and were made from 'natural' materials. The fact that ginseng and other botanical dietary supplements were able to advance to the U.S. Military's dietary supplement manual, which is strict in controlling food, seems to have jumped on the bandwagon of this atmosphere in the U.S. Society. In the early U.S. dietary supplement manual reviewed in this paper, ginseng was the most detailed among many botanical dietary supplements. Although there are some 'safety concerns' that still exist in the civilian society, but there are also certainly good scientific explanations for the efficacy and references to the popularity and influence of ginseng in the American society. Given this, the U.S. society and military's interest in ginseng as a dietary supplement seem quite high.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.732-738
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• 2008

This study was carried out to examine information regarding nutritional intake according to intake of health improving agents. For this study, 593 adults were interviewed face-to-face. The average ages of the participants were 58.8 years old in males and 56.1 years old in females. The percentage of individuals taking agents was significantly higher (p<0.05) among the females (22.1%) than the males (14.1%). Men showed a preference for taking animal protein bases restorative food and health supplements, while women preferred health supplements and nutritional supplements as improving agents. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups. The total daily food intake was also not significantly different according to intake of improving agents in the male and female groups. The male subjects who took improving agents showed significantly lower intake of potato and starches, pulses, fungi and mushrooms, seaweeds, oils and fat, as well as seasoning than those of non-users. Female subjects who took these agents also had a significantly lower intake of pulses, nuts and seeds than nonusers. No difference in the daily energy intake was reported in male and female groups whether the individuals were taking improving agents in male and female groups or not. However, in male subjects who took improving agents, there was a significantly lower intake of protein, dietary fiber, carotene, vitamin $B_1$, folate, vitamin C, vitamin E, plant calcium, potassium and plant iron than the male non-users. This study suggests that practical education be emphasized for proper nutrition intake thorough nutritional management according to improving agents.