• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.542-545
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• 1990

Benign esophagobronchial fistula without esophageal atresia is a relatively rare disease. Fistula between the esophagus and bronchi may be congenital, traumatic, inflammatory or neoplastic. In our country, several case reports have been presented and the causes were either congenital, spontaneous, or inflammatory, such as, tuberculosis and diverticulum of esophagus. A 36 year old man experienced cough secondary to swallowing a Korean soup, frequent URIs and dyspnea. Esophagobronchial fistula was diagnosis by the esophagogram. Treatment was by resection with mid-lobectomy of the Rt. lung. After surgery, the patient`s general condition was stable.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.880-883
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• 1989

Congenital esophagobronchial fistula without esophageal atresia is rare, usually has an insidious clinical course, so it usually diagnosed in adulthood. A esophagogram showed a esophagobronchial fistula between diverticulum at the middle third of the esophagus and just proximal site of apical segmental bronchus of left lower lobar bronchus. It belonged to type I of Braimbridges classification for congenital esophago-bronchial fistula. Esophageal diverticulectomy, fistulectomy and left lower lobectomy were done and postoperative course was uneventful.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.729-734
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• 1999

Broncho-esophageal fistula(BEF) is an uncommon clinical entity which can cause severe suppurative lung disease. Acquired fistulas between the esophagus and tracheobronchial tree are relatively uncommon. They are caused by many diseases including malignancy and chronic inflammation such as tuberculosis and have favorable outcome with proper treatment To our knowledge, there has been no description of patients with BEF due to the bronchiectasis. We report a case of broncho-esophageal fistula in association with bronchiectasis in a 35-year-old male patient with hemoptysis. Bronchoscopy revealed mild bleeding from the superior segment of the right lower lobe without specific endobronchial lesion. Barium esophagogram could not confirm the fistula. The diagnosis of a broncho-esophageal fistula was established by an esophagogastroscopy using fistulogram and subsequent bronchoscopy, in which the communication between the bronchial tree and the esophagus was demonstrated by instilling dye selectively through the fistulous opening using esophagogastroscopy and visualizing the fistula and the bronchial tree. The patient was treated with resection of the right lower lobe, extirpation of the diverticulum and surgical closure of the bronchial defect and fistula, but he suffered from pneumonia thereafter and eventually expired due to sepsis and multiple organ failure.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.526-530
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• 1988

Acquired communicated fistula between the esophagus and respiratory system are infrequent and they are caused by carcinoma, trauma, infection and traction. This report reviews the feature of acquired esophagobronchial fistula[that developed spontaneously]. Patient is 34 year old man with excellent result by surgical intervention. The surgical procedures consist of division and repair of the fistula. Clinically and radiologically, the patient is free from coughing after drinking, substernal distress, esophagorespiratory fistula, and esophageal stricture after surgical treatment.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.1009-1013
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• 1990

Congenital bronchoesophageal fistula is a rare anomaly that can appear in adult life uncommonly. There was a largest review that include 100 cases in the literature. In our case, he was 48 years old male patient who admitted for chronic coughing and recurrent lobar pneumonia on the right lower lobe since 10 years old. We could confirmed the fistular preoperatively by barium swallow examination and performed division of the fistula. The patient’s postoperative course was unremarkable. According Braimbridge’s classification, it was belonged to the type II.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.631-633
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• 1994

Congenital bronchoesophageal fistula is a rare anomaly that can appear in adult uncommonly. Especially sick sinus syndrome with bronchoesophageal fistula is very uncommon.The patient was 53 years old male who admitted for chronic coughing recurrent lobar pneumonia on RLL since few years ago. And he had familial history of sick sinus syndrome.We confirmed the fistula by barium swallow examination and performed ligation of the fistula and pacemaker implantation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.594-599
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• 1990

Congenital or acquired esophagotracheobronchial fistula are rare. The chief causes of the acquired form are malignancy developing on the esophagus or tracheobronchial system and infection, and trauma. The pathognomonic symptom is a paroxysmal cough occurring several seconds after ingestion of liquids. This report reviews a case of bronchoesophageal fistula of unknown origin accompanying bronchiectasis. The patient is 32 years old woman with excellent result by surgical intervention. But the fistula is accidently found in the operation field. The surgical procedures consissts of fistulectomy with Right lower lobectomy.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.115-119
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• 1998

Congenital bronchoesophageal fistula associated esophageal atresia usually presents in the newborn period or infancy but those without esophageal atresia are more insidious in disease process. Symptoms which include cough, hemoptysis, choking on swallowing liquids, uncommonly dysphagia, and epigastric discomfort may not begin until adult life. Most of the cases are curative unless there are serious underlying conditions. The diagnosis is usually made by gastroesophagoscopy, esophagogram, bronchogram and bronchoscopy. And the most of the cases can be cured by fistulectomy and resection of involved pulmonary lobes. We experienced one case of congenital bronchoesophageal fistula which occurred in a 13- year-old girl who complained of paroxysmal cough and intermittent hematemesis for 3 years.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.525-529
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• 1995

We have experienced three cases of congenital bronchoesophageal fistula which is rare and usually has an insidious clinical course. The patients included a thirty year old man and thirty six, thirty eight year old women respectively. Bronchiectatsis was found in all three cases, and bronchoesophageal fistula was found in one case preoperatively by esophagography and esophagoscopy, and other two cases operative field. The fistula was found between right lower esophagus and right lower lobe in all cases and esophageal diverticulum in one case. So they belonged to type I[1 case , II[2 cases of Braimbridge and Keith`s classification of congenital bronchoesophageal fistula . The fistulectomy was performed in all cases and concomitant lobectomy [2 cases and bilobectomy [1 case were done. There were toxic hepatitis in two cases and prolonged air leakage in one case postoperatively. They were discharged on recovered state and have continued to do well.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.1019-1023
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• 1991

Broncholithiasis is defined as a condition in which a concretion is present within a bronchus or a cavity in the lung communicating with a bronchus. Broncholithiasis, although recognized in antiquity by Aristotle and well known to accompany the mediastinal calcifications of tuberculosis and histoplasmosis frequently seen in our society, is rarely mentioned in recent medical literature. Esophagobronchial fistula is an uncommon finding in broncholithiasis. This report is a case of esophagobronchial fistula with broncholithiasis in 58-year-old male patient who complained paroxysmal coughing after ingestion of fluids. The fistulous tract was successfully resected and reinforced by mediastinal pleura. Broncholithiasis was confirmed by lithoptysis as the cause of previous esophagobronchial fistula.