• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.379-389
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• 2007

This study was carried out to classify forest vegetation structure of Mt. Gaya from April to October in 2006 using phytosociological analysis methodology of Z-M schools. One hundred study sites(quadrat) were surveyed in the area. The forest vegetation was classified into 3 community groups such as Pinus densiflora community group, Cornus controversa community group and artificial forest group. P, densiflora community group was subdivided into 4 communities such as Rhododendron schlippenbachii community. Salix gracilistyla community, Meliosma oldhamii community and P. densiflora typical community. R. schlippendbachii community was subdivided into Potentilla dickinsii group(subdivided into Carpinus coreana subgroup and Melandrynum firmum subgroup) and R. schlippenbachiitypical group. Cornus controversa community group was also subdivided into 4 communities such as Hovenia dulcis community, Quercus aliena community, Ribes maximowicianum community and C. controversa typical community. Artificial forest type indicated 3 communities such as Larix leptolepis community, Pinus rigida community and Castanea crenata community. Accordingly, the vegetation pattern of the surveyed areas were classified into 3 community groups, 11 communities, 2 groups, and 2 subgroups and the forest vegetation was classified into 13 units in total. It is also believed that C. coreana subgroup and M. oldhamii community could be a source for a significant basic data for making vegetation hierarchy and forest distribution zone in the Korean peninsula. H. dulcis community was also considered to be one of the important genetic resources; therefore, those distribution areas are required to be institutionally protected and managed in the near future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.170-172
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• 2008

28개소의 습지를 대상으로 총 131종이 관찰되었으며, 그 중 수생식물은 총 71종으로 전체식물의 54.2%에 해당한다. 식물 종다양성의 측면에서 보면 반못, 정물, 모사니물, 돌개기못, 웃못, 용수저수지 등이 높게 나타났다. 그리고 정물과 용수저수지를 비롯하여 모사니물, 돌개기못, 웃못, 연화못 등에는 식물의 생활형이 5$\sim$6군으로 다양하게 분포하였다. 수생식물의 유형은 정물, 모사니물, 용수저수지, 반못, 돌개 기못, 몰순이못, 웃못 등 23개소에서 4군 또는 5군이 출현하였다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 정물, 용수저수지, 돌개기못, 모사니물, 웃못 등은 식물의 종다양성이 높을 뿐만 아니라 다양한 생활형의 식물이 분포하고, 수생식물의 유형이 다양하고 수생식물의 종수 또한 많아 습지에 대한 환경 교육의 기본적인 지식의 습득과 자연 관찰을 위한 자연학습장으로의 활용이 가능할 것으로 보인다. 그리고 이들 수생식물들 중에는 보호대상 식물인 물부추, 좀어리연꽃, 통발, 흑삼릉 등이 출현하고 있어 이에 대한 보존대책이 필요하다고 생각된다.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2011.05b
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• pp.736-739
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• 2011

이 연구는 스스로 건강상태를 올바르게 인식하고 있는지 알아보고 건강상태 인식 유형에 따른 건강행동과의 관계를 살펴봄으로 건강수준의 향상과 더불어 건강한 노후를 맞이할 수 있도록 하고자 하였다. 2008년 1월부터 12월까지 실시된 국민건강영양조사 제4기 2차년도(2008) 자료원을 사용하였으며, 200개 조사구 약 4600가구의 만1세 이상 9,744명중 만19세 미만을 제외하고 건강설문 및 검진조사에 참여한 4,688 명을 최종대상자로 분석하였다. 자료는 SPSS 18.0을 이용하여 성별에 따른 인구사회학적 특성, 건강상태 인식 유형별 분포, 주관적 건강상태에 따른 객관적 건강상태와 일반적특성 및 건강행동을 교차분석관적 시에 카이제곱검정을 하였으며, 단변량 분석에서 의미 있는 변수들을 독립변수로 하고 올바른 인식군과 그릇된 인식군으로 나눈 건강상태인식유형을 종속변수로 하여 로지스틱회귀분석을 실시하였다. 이 연구의 주요 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 주관적 건강상태에 따라 실제 객관적인 건강상태를 살펴본 결과, 건강상태를 과대평가하는 사람의 비율이 가장 높았으며, 건강상태를 올바르게 인식하는 사람보다 그릇되게 인식하는 사람이 더 많았다. 2. 주관적 건강상태를 좋음으로 인식하는 군에서 객관적 건강상태는 여자보다 남자가 건강을 과대평가하였고, 연령이 증가할수록, 읍/면지역에서, 결혼상태는 별거 사별 이혼상태에서, 교육수준은 낮아질수록 건강을 그릇되게 인식하여 과대평가하였다. 3. 주관적 건강상태를 나쁨으로 인식하는 군에서 객관적 건강상태는 연령이 낮아질수록 건강을 과소평가하는 경향이었고, 읍/면지역보다 동지역에서, 미혼일 경우, 교육수준은 높아질수록 건강상태를 그릇되게 인식하여 과소평가하였다. 4. 건강상태 인식 유형별로 건강행동을 살펴본 결과 주관적 건강상태를 좋음으로 인식하는 군에서는 체중조절, 월간음주, 우울증상경험, 건강검진에서 유의한 결과를 나타냈고, 주관적 건강상태를 나쁨으로 인식하는 군에서는 현재흡연과 월간음주에서 유의한 결과를 나타내었다. 5. 주관적 건강상태를 좋음으로 인식한 군에서 객관적 건강상태를 종속변수로한 로지스틱회귀분석결과를 살펴보면, 건강을 과대평가하는 그릇된 인식군으로 될 위험도가 남자보다 여자에서 감소하였고, 70대에 비하여 연령이 낮아질수록 위험도가 감소하였으며, 미혼에 비하여 기혼, 별거 사별 이혼에서 위험도가 증가하였고, 체중조절을 하는 사람이 체중조절을 하지 않은 사람보다 위험도가 높았다. 6. 주관적 건강상태를 나쁨으로 인식한 군에서 객관적 건강상태를 종속변수로한 로지스틱 회귀분석결과를 살펴보면, 연령을 제외한 모든 변수에서 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.131-141
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• 2007

Genetic variation of Ilex cornuta Lindley et Paxton was examined by sequence analyses of ITS for 65 individuals from Korea and China. The length of ITS 1 ranged from 253 to 259 bp. The 5.8S was 159 bp and ITS2 was observed to be 231 bp. A total of 8 different ITS types (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism haplotypes), which showed the difference of 1 - 6 bp, were detected from 65 individuals. The sequence polymorphisms of ITS appeared at 9 different sites. All of four individuals collected at Daejeong-eup in Jeju-do exhibited different types, but all individuals from Naju-si and Muan-gun in Jeollanam-do were identical. The variation of ITS was higher in Jeju-do population than in inland population. Since I. cornuta contains various types of ITS sequences, ITS analyses will provide important information on genetic diversity and conservation of this species.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.525-533
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• 2015

This study presents a favoured pattern of makeup and psychology according to it by recognition type, through an examination of recognition for it in order to understand interest and awareness regarding it among female college students. The makeup is emotionally effective for confidence and positive thought, and is considered to be a category of social manner. The subjects can be grouped according to difference in recognition of makeup: contemplation, reception, observation and correspondence group. Although there is slight difference in the interest of four types of makeup depending on recognition difference, the behavior of makeup plays a large part in establishing personal relationships. The pattern of makeup favours natural style which places an emphasis on skin tone. The female college students in their 20s, who are at the center of current beauty trend market, were asked to conduct questionnaire of makeup, so interest and awareness of makeup behavior can be understand. If these findings are actively used in the beauty trend, various and effective beauty cultures are considered to be created.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.265-279
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• 2021

In this study, by analyzing of types and functions of questions presented in Data and Chance area of the mathematics textbooks for grades 1-6 of the 2015 revised curriculum, the characteristics of the questions presented in the textbook were identified, and implications for teaching and learning related to the questions in this textbook were obtained. Types and functions of the presented questions showed different proportions of appearance according to the grade clusters, and this seems to be related to the learning contents for each grade clusters and the characteristics of grade clusters. In addition, it can be seen that the functions of questions are related to the types of questions. Teachers should have pedagogical content knowledge about Data and Chance area as well as developmental characteristics for each grade clusters. In addition, the teacher should present an suitable question for the level of grade clusters and the nature of the content to be taught so that effective learning can be achieved based on the understanding of the characteristics and functional characteristics of each type of questions. The results of this study can contribute to statistical teaching in a progressive direction by providing a foundation for textbook writing and teaching/learning.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.604-617
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• 2019

Purpose: To investigate the effect of eating behavior on nutritional status according to temperament type. Methods: One thousand one hundred three preschool children aged 2 to 6 years in Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do from April to June 2018 were surveyed about their eating behavior and nutritional status using DBT (Dietary Behavior Test) and NQ (Nutrition Quotient) which are proven tests. The dietary behaviors of the children were classified into four categories: approach avoidance, sensory sensitivity, hyperactivity, and irregularity. NQ scores were divided into five categories: balance, diversity, moderation, regularity, and practice. Results: The mean of the children's age was 3.42 ± 1.4 (596 boys and 507 girls). The percentage distribution of the NQ grade was as follows: 5.5% (highest), 12.5% (high), 47.1% (medium), 22.2% (low), and 12.6% (lowest). The risk group of approach avoidance and sensory sensitivity had significantly (p < 0.001) lower scores than the normal group in balance factor (51.9 ± 12.0 vs. 57.8 ± 15.9 in approach avoidance type, 52.6 ± 17.6 vs. 57.7 ± 15.9 in sensory sensitivity type) and diversity factor (32.5 ± 24.4 vs. 50.1 ± 22.4 in approach avoidance type, and 32.5 ± 24.0 vs. 50.7 ± 22.2 in sensory sensitivity type). The scores of the hyperactivity risk group were significantly lower in moderation factor (78.2 ± 12.1 vs. 81.2 ± 11.9), and those of the irregular risk group were significantly lower in variety (35.9 ± 24.5 vs. 48.8 ± 23.2), regularity (57.6 ± 37.1 vs. 66.1 ± 17.6), and practice (57.1 ± 19.4 vs. 65.1 ± 22.5) factors than the normal group (p < 0.001). Especially, the risk group of approach avoidance and sensitivity type had significantly (p < 0.001) lower intakes of whole grain, fruit, bean and bean products, vegetables, and Kimchi. Conclusion: This present study suggested that the eating behavior based on temperament of demanding preschool children affected food choice resulting in food consumption diversity of children. Therefore, it is important to provide customized nutrition education programs based on temperament type.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.89-105
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• 2022

In this research, in order to obtain teaching/learning implications for effective use of questions when teaching number and operation area, the types of questions presented in chapters of number and operation area of 2015 revised elementary math textbooks and the function of questions were compared and analyzed by grade cluster. As a result of this research, the types of questions presented in chapters of number and operation area showed a high percentage of occurrences in the order of reasoning questions, factual questions, and open questions not calling for reasoning in common by grade cluster. And reasoning questions were predominant in all grade clusters. In addition, in all grade clasters, the proportion of questions acting as a function to help guess, invention, and solving problems and questions acting as a function to help mathematical reasoning were relatively high. As such, it can be inferred that the types and functions of the questions presented in chapters of number and operation area are related to the characteristics of the learning content by grade cluster. This research will be able to contribute to the preparation of advanced teaching/learning plans by providing reference materials in the questions when teaching number and operation area.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.27-36
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to provide a basis for determining when a school established long term school plans accepted by analyzing the trend of increase or decrease elementary school students 30 years to target of following city, 323 elementary schools in Busan - 16 administration zone for this purpose. Results of this study are as follows: First, type 5 occupies 55.4% of the total, followed by the second most, type 10, 21.4%> type 11> type 13> type 15, which is the most urgent object of the student placement plan Can be. Second, the results of the Conflict Model I and Conflict Model II showed that Type1 and Type7 were not needed to be adopted. Third, we can see through the case analysis that the effect of excessive school opening on the decrease of the number of students in the nearby school is serious. Fourth, as a result of analyzing the current number of students in Busan, the number of schools with less than 150 students accounted for 12.4% of the total 323 elementary schools, 30.0% for schools with less than 300 students, and 60.4% for students with less than 600 students. Fifth, when the elementary school student induction rate of urban redevelopment area in Busan was examined, the average induction rate was 0.37.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.162-176
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• 2005

This study was carried out as a field survey and a review of articles to investigate a characteristic of the distribution pattern in Korean endemic Corylopsis coreana. Distribution of Corylopsis coreana was found in Boseung-gun, Gwangyang-si, Suncheon-si, Jeumam-myeon Goheung-gun, Ganjeon-myeon Gurye-gun, Mt, Cheongwan Jangheung-gun, Nogodan Mt. Jiri in Jeollanam-do, Mt. Cheonhwang Namwon-si and Beamsagol and Banyabong Mt. Jiri in Jeollabuk-do, Sancheong-gun, hadong-gun and Namhea-gun in Gyeongsangnam-do and Mt. Backun, Pocheon-si in Gyeonggi-do. Total flora in the distribution region of Coryloplsis coreana was recorded as 242 taxa; 70 families, 159 genus, 216 species, 22 varieties, 4 forma. Ratio of taxonomic categories was consisted of Pteridophyte $5.8\%$, Gymnosperm $3.7\%$, Dicotyledon $18.6\%$ and Monocotyledon $71.9\%$. Ratio of Life cycle styles was Annual $1.7\%$ and Perennial $93.3\%$. Ratio of growth habit was appeared to Herb $44.2\%$, Vine $12.4\%$, Shrub $17.8\%$ and Tree $25.6\%$. The distribution region of Corylopsis coreana found to typical type which distribute in N, NE or NW slope. The native Corylopsis coreana of Sinjeonri Sungju-eup in Jellanam-do appeared to have a declining tendency which was caused by influence of tree lager.