• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.15 no.10
• /
• pp.6388-6398
• /
• 2014

To understand size fractioned chlorophyll a and material cycle characteristics in Jeju marine ranching area (JMRA), 4 times of survey were conducted from April to November 2008. Picoplankton on the surface in JMRA was on average, $0.30{\mu}g/L$(annual mean(M):17.3%) in the $0.03{\sim}0.84{\mu}g/L$ range, accounting for 17.3%. Nannoplankton and picoplankton was on average, $1.35{\mu}g/L$(M:78.0%) in the $0.22{\sim}3.93{\mu}g/L$ range, and $1.73{\mu}g/L$(M:4.7%) in the nd ~ 0.24 range, respectively. The 10m layer was similar to the surface. The measured values changed according to the measurement times but the nanoplankton composition ratio was higher throughout the year. In addition, the size fractioned chlorophyll a distribution in JMRA was similar to that of tropical sea area affected by the Monsoon rather than South Korean offshore coast geographically adjacent to the East China Sea and Japan coastal waters affected by the Kuroshio/Tsushima warm currents. That is, the material cycle of JMRA consists of a microbial food web rather than traditional food chain at a lower trophic levels. Primary production is deemed to have a higher possibility of being adjusted by top-down dynamics, such as micro-zooplankton grazing pressure rather than nutrients supply.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.38 no.8 s.157
• /
• pp.655-664
• /
• 2005

A real-time monitoring and modeling system (RTMMS) for rainfall-induced turbidity flow, which is one of the major obstacles for sustainable use of reservoir water resources, is under development. As a prediction model for the RTMMS, a laterally integrated two-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality model, CE-QUAL-W2 was tested by simulating the temperature stratification, density flow regimes, and temporal and spatial distributions of turbidity in a reservoir. The inflow water temperature and turbidity measured every hour during the flood season of 2004 were used as the boundary conditions. The monitoring data showed that inflow water temperature drop by 5 to $10^{\circ}C$ during rainfall events in summer, and consequently resulted in the development of density flow regimes such as plunge flow and interflow in the reservoir. The model showed relatively satisfactory performance in replicating the water temperature profiles and turbidity distributions, although considerable discrepancies were partially detected between observed and simulated results. The model was either very efficient in computation as the CPU run time to simulate the whole flood season took only 4 minutes with a Pentium 4(CPU 2.0GHz) desktop computer, which is essentially requited for real-time modeling of turbidity plume.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.38 no.8 s.157
• /
• pp.645-653
• /
• 2005

Water cycle analysis in the Cheonggyecheon watershed(river length: 13.75 km, area: $50.96\;km^2$) was performed using WEP model, a physically based distributed rainfall-runoff model. As the application results of the model, the hydrological characteristics of the Cheonggyecheon watershed are significantly consistent with those of a typical urbanized watershed. The direct runoff from the watershed was larger and the evapotranspiration. was lower, and the response of runoff to rainfall was occurred very fast, as compared to forest watersheds. The river channel routing simulation results are similar to the change pattern and scale of the field data. The possible supply period of instream flow from Cheonggyecheoon watershed itself was estimated using WEP. According to the WEP simulation results for the annual water balance of the Cheonggyecheon watershed in 2002, the amount of direct runoff, infiltration and evapotranspiration were 830 mm, 388 mm and 397 mm respectively for an annual precipitation of 1,388 mm. The runoff to rivers was 1,288 mm. And the proportion of direct runoff, intermediate runoff and groundwater runoff were $67.6\%,\;12.7\%$ and $19.7\%$ respectively.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.256-264
• /
• 2014

This study was carried out to estimate the benthic environments and polychaetous community in Garolim Bay, through five field surveys from April 2006 to April 2007. Garilim Bay is a semi-enclosed bay and composed of a biramous tidal channel and nearby wide tidal flats. Surface sediment in the inner bay was composed of fine grained particles whereas that in the mouth area of bay was of coarse grained ones. Benthic polychaete worms were the most dominant taxa occupying 65.1% of total benthic macrofauna. Species number was higher in the inner bay than mouth and outer area of bay, and in the bay higher on the tidal flat than channel area. Density was higher on the tidal flat than channel area. Dominant polychaetous species were Prionospio sp., Heteromastus filiformis, Lumbrineris longifolia and so on, which is known as opportunistic species. Prionospio sp. and H. filiformis inhabited mainly on the tidal flats in inner bay, while L. longifolia in the channel area and mouth of the bay. Cluster analysis and nMDS showed the typical inner-to-outward distribution of station groups, which indicated the sequential difference of the species composition of each station group. To assess the benthic healthiness of Garolim Bay by AMBI and BPI analysis, the benthic condition was analyzed from slightly polluted in the outer and mouth of the bay to moderately polluted in the inner bay. Assumed from dominant species composition and benthic healthiness condition, benthic environments of Garolim Bay was slightly unstable and disturbed and organic enrichment was currently underway by massed fisheries farms.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.38-47
• /
• 2002

This paper demonstrates a regional analysis of landslide occurrence potential by applying geographic information system to the Kumi City selected as a pilot study area. The estimate criteria related to natural and humane environmental factors which affect landslides were first established. A slope map and a aspect map were extracted from DEM, which was generated from the contour layers of digital topographic maps, and a NDVI vegetation map and a land cover map were obtained through satellite image processing. After the spatial database was constructed, indexes of landslide occurrence potential were computed and then a few landslide-potential areas were extracted by an overlay method. It was ascertained that there are high landslide-potential at areas of about 30% incline, aspects including either south or east at least, adjacent to water areas or pointed end of the water system, in or near fault zones, covered with medium vegetable. For more synthetic and accurate analysis, soil data, forest data, underground water level data, meteorological data and so on should be added to the spatial database.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.233-243
• /
• 2021

Photovoltaic panels are hazardous electronic waste that has heavy metal as one of the hazardous components. Each year, hazardous electronic waste is increasing worldwide and every heavy rainfall exposes the photovoltaic panel to become the source of heavy metal soil contamination. the development needs a monitoring technology for this hazardous exposure. this research use relationships between SAR temporal baseline and coherence of Sentinel-1 satellite to detected photovoltaic panel. Also, the photovoltaic plant detection tested using the difference between that photovoltaic panel and the other difference surface of coherence. The author tested the photovoltaic panel and its environment to calculate differences in coherence relationships. As a result of the experiment, the coherence of the photovoltaic panel, which is assumed to be a permanent scatterer, shows a bias that is biased toward a median value of 0.53 with a distribution of 0.50 to 0.65. Therefore, further research is needed to improve errors that may occur during processing. Additionally, the author found that the change detection using a temporal baseline is possible as the rate of reduction of coherence of photovoltaic panels differs from those of artificial objects such as buildings. This result could be an efficient way to continuously monitor regardless of weather conditions, which was a limitation of the existing optical satellite image-based photovoltaic panel detection research and to understand the spatial distribution in situations such as photovoltaic panel loss.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.54 no.6
• /
• pp.395-405
• /
• 2021

When issuing forecasts and alerts for agricultural drought, the relevant ministries only rely on the observation data from the reservoirs managed by the Korea Rural Community Corporation, which creates gaps between the drought analysis results at the local (si/gun) governments and the droughts actually experienced by local residents. Closing these gaps requires detailed local geoinformation on reservoirs, which in turn requires the information on reservoirs managed by local governments across Korea. However, installing water level and flow measurement equipment at all of the reservoirs would not be reasonable in terms of operation and cost effectiveness, and an alternate approach is required to efficiently generate information. In light of the above, this study validates and calibrates the parameters of the TANK model for reservoir basins, divided them into groups based on the characteristics of different basins, and applies the grouped parameters to unmeasured local government reservoirs to estimate and assess inflow. The findings show that the average determinant coefficient and the NSE of the group using rice paddies and inclinations are 0.63 and 0.62, respectively, indicating better results compared with the basin area and effective storage factors (determinant coefficient: 0.49, NSE: 0.47). The findings indicate the possibility of utilizing the information regarding unmeasured reservoirs managed by local governments.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.469-479
• /
• 2021

As a material for preventing spalling of concrete, the effectiveness of PP fiber has already been confirmed. However, it is necessary to consider the maximum temperature that occurs during a fire, and to solve the mixing problem and the strength reduction problem that occur depending on the mixing amount. In this study, the fire resistance performance of tunnel segment linings according to the PP fiber content and air volume under the RABT fire scenario was investigated. As a result, no spalling or cross-sectional loss occurred in all test specimens, and when the PP fiber content was small, the maximum temperature was relatively high and the maximum temperature arrival time was also fast. On the other hand, no trend was found for the maximum temperature and arrival time according to the difference in air volume. In the internal temperature distribution results for the PP fiber mixing amount of 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 kg/m³, the results of 0.75 and 1.0 kg/m³ showed similar temperature distribution, and the results of 1.5 and 2.0 kg/m³ were similar. It was confirmed that the internal temperature distribution tends to decrease at the same depth when the amount of PP fiber mixed is large, and it was confirmed that a remarkable difference occurred from the results of 1.0 kg/m³ and 1.5 kg/m³ of PP fiber mixed amounts.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.135-147
• /
• 2023

Satellite-observed significant wave heights (SWHs), which are widely used to understand the response of the ocean to climate change, require long-term and continuous validation. This study examines the accuracy and error characteristics of SWH observed by nine satellite altimeters in the North Pacific and North Atlantic Ocean for 25 years (1992-2016). A total of 137,929 matchups were generated to compare altimeter-observed SWH and in-situ measurements. The altimeter SWH showed a bias of 0.03 m and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.27 m, indicating relatively high accuracy in the North Pacific and North Atlantic Ocean. However, the spatial distribution of altimeter SWH errors showed notable differences. To better understand the error characteristics of altimeter-observed SWH, errors were analyzed with respect to in-situ SWH, time, latitude, and distance from the coast. Overestimation of SWH was observed in most satellite altimeters when in-situ SWH was low, while underestimation was observed when in-situ SWH was high. The errors of altimeter-observed SWH varied seasonally, with an increase during winter and a decrease during summer, and the variability of errors increased at higher latitudes. The RMSEs showed high accuracy of less than 0.3 m in the open ocean more than 100 km from the coast, while errors significantly increased to more than 0.5 m in coastal regions less than 15 km. These findings underscore the need for caution when analyzing the spatio-temporal variability of SWH in the global and regional oceans using satellite altimeter data.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.28 no.3D
• /
• pp.407-415
• /
• 2008

This study presents the methodology to link with aerial photos for advancing the accuracy of topographic survey data that is used to calculate water volume in urban stream. First, GIS spatial interpolation technique as Inverse Distance Weight (IDW) and Kriging was applied to construct the terrain morphology to the sand-bar and grass area using cross-sectional survey data, and also validation point data was used to estimate the accuracy of created topographic data. As the result of comparison, IDW ($d^{-2}_{ij}$, 2nd square number) in Sand-bar area and Kriging Spherical model in grass area showed more efficient results in the construction of topographic data of river boundary. But the differences among interpolation methods are very slight. Image classification method, Minimum Distance Method (MDM) was applied to extract sand-bar and grass area that are located to river boundary efficiently and the elevation value of extracted layers was allocated to the water level point value. Water volume with topographic data from aerial photos shows the advanced accuracy of 13% (in sand-bar) and 12% (in grass) compared to the water volume of original terrain data. Therefore, terrain analysis method in river linking with aerial photos is efficient to the monitoring about sand-bar and grass area that are located in the downstream of Dam in flooding season, and also it can be applied to calculate water volume efficiently.