• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.84-95
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• 2012

Background: In Korea, private health insurance has neglected to induce externality on national health insurance by moral hazard. Therefore, we conducted this study in order to explore the influence of private health insurance on unnecessary medical utilization among patients with cervical or lumbar sprain. Method: The study examined a population of 449 patients (admission, 384; out-patient; 85) diagnosed with simple cervical or lumbar sprain without neurological symptoms at 20 small hospitals or clinics in Gwangju and Jeollanam provinces from Jul. 1 to Aug. 31 2008. The data were collected using structured, self-administrated questionnaire which collected information such as whether or not the patient was admitted (as a dependent variable), whether or not they had private health insurance (as a independent variable), and covariates such as socio-demographic characteristics, the factors related to the sprain, and characteristics of the insurance provider. Results: From hierarchical multiple logistic regression analysis, it was found that the admission rate of patient with private health insurance was higher than that those without it (Odds ratio=3.31, 95% Confidence interval; 1.14-9.58), meaning that private health insurance was an independent factor influencing the admission of patients with these conditions. Other determinants of admission were patient age and physician referral. Conclusions: This study is the first empirical study to explore the influence of private health insurance on inducing moral hazard in admission services, specifically among patients with cervical or lumbar sprain. Regulation of benefits provided by private health insurance may be necessary, as the effect of this moral hazard may mean existence of externality.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.168-177
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• 2004

Objectives : This study was done to develop Korean form of Reynolds' SIQ-JR(Suicidal Ideational Questionnaire-Junior). Through this study we evaluated reliability and validity of Korean form SIQ-JR. Methods : Subjects were 1,160 middle and high school students and 114 adolescent psychiatric patients. SIQ-JR and 8 self-reporting scales highly related with suicidal ideation and suicide behaviors were applied to them. Results : In reliability aspect of Korean form of SIQ-JR, internal consistency, test-retest reliability and item-total correlation were statistically significant results. In factor analysis, concerning about other person was extracted as a indepenedent factor. This results reflect our cultural characteristics. There were statistical differences of SIQ-JR scores in groups by sex and age. Clinical group showed significantly(P<0.01) higher scores than general population. Among the 8 suicidal relating scales, depression(r=0.42), aggression(r=0.36), trait anxiety(r=0.35), and anger-in(r=0.31) were highly related with suicidal ideation but impulsivity and hopelessness were not significantly related with suicidal ideation. Conclusion : Korean form of SIQ-JR was useful instrument in reliability and validity. We hope that this instrument widely used in school mental health, community psychiatry and clinical setting for screening tool.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.779-787
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• 2018

As security problems of the paper ballot have been emerged on and on, electronic voting with enhanced security and convenience has been introduced in several countries. However, it has not been adopted most of countries because of the problems that come from interdependence and security flaws. Meanwhile, the blockchain technology has high reliability due to the mechanism of mining that miners verify and preserve blocks independently by using P2P formation which does not have a central authority. Furthermore, because each block refers to the hash of the previous block. if any one block is changed, it is very difficult to forge and modify the blockchain because all blocks must be changed. If this technology is applied to the E-voting, integrity, and transparency about the result of the ballot is guaranteed. In this paper, we propose and implement an electronic voting system based on blockchain that improves interdependence, the reliability of excessive TTP and single point of failure come from original electronic voting. Also, we analyze the security and advantage of the proposal system compared with the existing bitcoin-based electronic voting system.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.8684-8690
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• 2015

This study aimed to investigate the influence of the ankle dorsiflexion angle ($0^{\circ}$, $10^{\circ}$, and $20^{\circ}$) on the effectiveness of gastrocnemius stretching angle. The subjects of this study were 25 young man and female women. In all participants, the pennation angle of the medial head of the gastrocnemius was evaluated using ultrasonography at an ankle dorsiflexion angle of $0^{\circ}$, $10^{\circ}$, or $20^{\circ}$. Repeated measures analysis of variance was uesd to test for differences between ankle dorsiflexion angles. The independent t-test was performed to determine the significance of sex differences. The results of this study showed that the gastrocnemius pennation angle decreased as the ankle dorsiflexion angle increased, with significant interaction between each angle of ankle dorsiflexion angle (p<0.01). Sex comparison showed that the pennation angle was greater in man than in women, but the difference was not significant (p>0.05). According to the sex the gastrocnemius pennation angle is decreased as the ankle dorsiflexion angle increased (p<0.01). These results suggest that the end range of dorsiflexion is more beneficial for gastrocnemius stretching than a small range. Further studies are needed to investigate the influence of other factors, such as stretching angle and application time, on gastrocnemius stretching.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.129-139
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• 2016

In this study, we analyzed the effect of entrepreneurial spirit of the start-up real estate founder gives to management achievements, founding education and it was confirmed whether they have a regulatory effect between them. For this reason, we conducted a questionnaire survey of real estate founder of start-up, were analyzed using the SPSS 18.ok. To summarize the research results are as follows. First of all, prefer achieve desire and venture start-up founder, it has become a direction of a significant and positive and management achievements of the dependent variable (+). This can be seen to affect the establishment go management achievements prefer to achieve desire is higher or of the venture. Second, the satisfaction of the business with the contents of the management achievements, may be mentioned whether the business recommendation, factors of these management achievements, each of the major contents of the management outcomes can be seen as an impact to some extent. While factors of independent variables were clearly private that there is a difference on the basis of its founding education as an adjustment variable in relation to the impact on business performance, some the only adjustment variables, such as whether to recommend satisfaction and business of business it was confirmed that shown. In this study, which provide us with the knowledge of information that can be derived to provide the basic information of implementation and policy-making that it is possible to promote the success activation of the start-up real estate in the successful establishment and operation of the business It is expected.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.22-32
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• 2016

As the number of aged population rapidly goes up, the cases of stroke and the related medical expenses continuously increase. The purpose of this study is to investigate the mortality of stroke patients based on CCI(Charlson Comorbidity Index) by utilizing the Korea National Hospital Discharge Injury Survey, analyzing the factors associated with the mortality of stroke patients. We analyzed 21,494 cases which are classified as the death of strokes aged over 20 years by using the Korea National Hospital Discharge Injury Survey between the year 2005 and 2010. In order to find out the mortality based on CCI and status of comorbidity, we used the technical statistics. We performed a logistic regression analysis to examine the reasons for the mortality of the strokes. We found that the independent variables for the influence of the mortality of strokes include age, type of insurance, residence urban size, size of hospital beds, the location of hospital, admission route, physical therapy, brain surgery, type of stroke, and CCI. This indicates that the effective monitoring on the age, types of stroke, comorbidity is needed. In addition to this, more medical support toward medicaid patients are needed, too. We believe that these results will be used positively for the evaluation of the stroke patients, providing the basic materials for the further research on the establishment of the health-related policy.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.384-389
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the patient and hospital characteristics that affect receiving and non-receiving blood transfusion for hepatoma embolization. We analyzed data describing 757 patients of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service's 2011 claims sample data. Chi-squared and logistic regression analysis was performed using STATA 12.0. Logistic regression analysis revealed that anemia (Odds ratio (OR)=9.544, 95% confidence interval (CI)=3.362-27.097), female (OR=2.186, Cl=l.240-3.854), age 65-74 (OR=0.506, CI=0.269-0.952), 1000 over bed (OR=0.053, CI=0.018-0.151), out-department (OR=0.211, CI=0.081-0.551), and 700-999 bed (OR=0.105, CI=0.036-0.304) were significant predictors of blood transfusion in tertiary hospitals. Additionally, anemia (OR=69.681, CI=8.545-568.246) and aged 75 or over (OR=0.112, CI=0.025-0.506) were significant predictors of blood transfusion in general hospitals. This research would expected to cost effective and preliminary data of blood transfusion quality.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.471-491
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• 2011

This study is to analyze the determinants of inflow FDI with panel data of 12 provinces in western region of China for the period, 1990-2007, from the perspective of market-oriented FDI and production-efficiency-oriented FDI. The empirical findings are following. First, the empirical results prior to the start of western development program show that the GRDP, the intense of industrialization and university graduates per 10,000 residents have positive coefficient signs at the significant level, while wage level has a negative and significant value. Second the empirical results using the data after the launching of the western development program show that the GRDP, the intense of industrialization have positive relations with FDI, while openness in terms of the ratio of international trade to GRDP and the wage level have negative coefficients. Finally, this thesis finds that the empirical results for both periods are very similar, which suggest that the economic structure in western region has not changed significantly even though almost a decade passed since the western development program launched.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.430-440
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• 2020

The application contents, process, and its limitations are discussed for the setting of Korean legal guides & criteria for water cycle and ecological condition in development project of land use by thorough comparison and examination of prerequisites and credits of water cycle and soil+vegetation by USA's SITES (Sustainable Sites Initiative). In the case of SITES, due to the implementation procedure operated as a non-governmental independent assessment system by Green Business Certification, Inc, the natural condition of water cycle and soil-vegetation items-the key element of ecosystem services can be quantitatively assessed, well along with its legal and institutional guidelines and regulations. On the other hand, in the case of Korea, as a part of the national certification procedure for green building, the ecological area ratio system still have very limited role as an only amenity resource in the creation of artificial green spaces and insufficiency of management system for rain water. In conclusion, it was understood as an urgent situation in necessary for prompt establishment of site's sustainability certification system at the national level, based on management of water circulation and natural soil & vegetation in developed area with consideration of various land uses and types of development projects.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.132-142
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• 2023

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing was performed in the diagnostic immunology laboratory of the Seoul National University Hospital. Among 611 HLA-DR tests, specific bead reactions suspected of being false positive and false negative in Lot 20 reagents were found. Therefore, we aimed to identify the factors causing cut-off corrections by examining cases where cut-off corrections were not made for 533 test results and cases where cut-off corrections were made for 78 cases after the cut-off corrections of specific beads. Frequency analysis was conducted to verify the demographic characteristics, and descriptive statistics were used to assess the humidity in the laboratory as a variable. Cross-tabulation was done to examine the association between cut-off corrections and demographic characteristics. Independent samples t-tests were conducted to verify the difference in humidity based on cut-off corrections. Finally, logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between humidity levels and the rate of cut-off corrections, and results showed as the humidity level in the laboratory highs, the number of cut-off corrections decreased by a factor of 0.986. This suggests cut-off corrections rate increases when the humidity lowers. Therefore, it indicates that humidity in the laboratory is also a factor that affects HLA typing results.