• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.324-332
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• 1995

전자빔 증착법을 사용하여 Ti과 Co를 Si(100) 단결정, 다결정 Si 및 Si$O_{2}$기판에 증착한 후 90$0^{\circ}C$에서 20초 급속 열처리하여, Co/Ti 이중박막으로부터의 실리사이드화 반응을 조사하였다. 단결정 시편의 경우 Ti의 두께를 5~6mm로 최소화함으로서 두께가 균일하고 기판과의 계면이 평탄하며 비저항이 낮고 열적 안정성이 높은 Co$Si_{2}$ 에피박막을 형성할 수 있었다. 그러나 다결정 시편에는 두께와 계면이 불균일하고 열적으로도 불안정한 다결정의 Co$Si_{2}$와 그 위에 두개의 Co-Ti-Si혼합층이 형성되었다. 한편 Si$O_{2}$ 우에 증착된 Co/Ti은 열처리를 하여도 확산하지 않고 그대로 남아 있어서, Co/Ti 이중박막의 Si$O_{2}$와의 반응성이 미약함을 보여 주었다.

• Composites Research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.7-17
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• 2004

In this study, the effect of laminate thickness on the compressive behaviour of composite materials is investigated through systematic experimental work using the stacking sequences, $[O_4]_{ns},{\;}[45/0/-45/90]_{ns}$ and $[45_n/0_n/-45_n/90_n]_s$ (n=2 to 8). Parameters such as fibre volume fraction, void content, fibre waviness and interlaminar stresses, influencing compressive strength with increasing laminate thickness are also studied experimentally and theoretically. Furthermore the stacking sequence effects on failure strength of multidirectional laminates are examined. For this purpose, two different scaling techniques are used; (1) ply-level technique $[45_n/0_n/-45_n/90_n]s$ and (2) sublaminate level technique $[45/0/-45/90]_{ns}$. An apparent thickness effect existes in the lay-up with blocked plies, i.e. unidirectional specimens ($[O_4]_{ns}) and ply-level scaled multidirectional specimens ($[45_n/0_n/-45_n/90_n]_s$). Fibre waviness and void content are found to be main parameters contributing to the thickness effect on the compressive failure strength. However, the compressive strength of the sublaminate level scaled specimens ($[45/0/-45/90]_{ns}$) is almost unaffected regardless of the specimen thickness (since ply thickness remains constant). From the investigation of the stacking sequence effect, the strength values obtained from the sublaminate level scaled specimens are slightly higher than those obtained from the ply level scaled specimens. The reason for this effect is explained by the fibre waviness, void content, free edge effect and stress redistribution in blocked $0^{\circ}$ plies and unblocked $0^{\circ}$ plies. The measured failure strengths are compared with the predicted values.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2012

The impact strength of material is considered the most important design factor for small and light products. Impact strength is a unique material property, thus the impact strength should not depend upon the geometry of specimen. However it varies according to specimen thickness, notching method, and notch shape. In this study, the variations of impact strength have been investigated according to thickness, notch shape, and notching method of specimen. Engineering plastics such as PC, ABS and POM have been used in this study. Experimental results showed impact strength increased as thickness decreasesd. PC showed the highest increment of impact strength when the thickness was thin. Fractured section of PC showed brittle fracture behavior when the specimen was thick. However it showed ductile fracture behavior when it was thin. The impact strength of in-mold notched specimen showed higher than that of milling notched specimen. PC showed the highest notch sensitivity among the materials used in this experiment.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.135-146
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• 2011

Steel structures have been generally painted to prevent corrosion damage. However, the painted film is deteriorated with increase in service life, and then corrosion damage resulting in cross sectional area occurs on steel surface. As a result, the buckling strength of steel structures can be decreased due to the corrosion damages. The evaluation method of the axial buckling strength of columns about a variety of section shapes and supporting conditions have been presented, but evaluation method of buckling strength about irregular nonprismatic columns is not established. In this study, the axial buckling strength of corroded steels was evaluated based on the buckling test results of corroded steel specimens that were cut off at a temporary steel structure. The corroded specimens were picked up total 10 specimens according to various slenderness ratio from the web of a temporary structure's main beam. The length of specimens is 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600mm respectively. The rust productions were removed by the chemical treatment. Then, the surface geometry was measured at intervals of $1{\times}1mm$ by using the optical 3D digitizing system, and the residual thickness of the specimens was calculated. The axial buckling test was performed on 10 corroded specimens and 12 non-corroded specimens under the fixed-fixed support condition. From the test results, the effect of corrosion damages on axial buckling load was investigated. Regardless of corrosion damage degree, the axial buckling strength of corroded specimens and non-corroded specimens was evaluated identically by using minimum average residual thickness or average residual thickness to minus its standard deviation. Reasonable measuring intervals of residual thickness was proposed by using the results to apply for practical works.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.300-305
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• 2013

Part shrinkage in injection molding is inevitable phenomenon. Thus, it is necessary not only study on the reducing part shrinkage but characterization of part shrinkage. In this study, part shrinkage in injection molded 2.5 dimensional annular shaped specimens has been studied using glass fiber reinforced PC. Annular shaped specimens were designed with various sizes of outer diameter and thickness. Injection temperature, packing time and packing pressure were selected for operational conditions. Profile variations of outer and inner diameters of molded specimens for various operational conditions were investigated. Sizes of outer and inner diameters of injection molded specimens were smaller than the sizes of mold. Part shrinkage decreased as outer diameter and thickness increased. Part shrinkage showed anisotropic behavior and it depended upon gate location. Subsequently, molded specimens were not circular but oval in shape, and showed the largest shrinkage in the direction of gate. It was realized that the mold design such as gate design is important to control the shape of molded products.

• Composites Research
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.296-301
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• 2020

Laminated composite materials have excellent in-plane properties, but are vulnerable in thickness directions, making it easy to delamination when bending and torsion loads are applied. Thickness directional reinforcement methods of composite materials that delay delamination include Z-pinning, Stitching, Tufting, etc., and typically Z-pinning and Stitching method are commonly used. The Z-pinning is reinforcement method by inserting metal or carbon pin in the thickness direction of prepreg, and the conventional stitching process is a method of reinforcing the mechanical properties in the thickness direction by intersecting the upper and lower fibers on the preform. In this paper, I-fiber stitching method, which complement and improve weakness of Z-pinning and Stitching method, was proposed, and the static strength of composite single-lap joints using I-fiber stitching process were evaluated. The single-lap joints were fabricated by a co-curing method using an autoclave vacuum bag process. The thickness of the composite adherend was fixed, and 5 types of specimens were manufactured with varying the stitching pattern (5×5, 7×7) and angle (0°, 45°). From the test, the failure load of the specimen reinforced by the I-fiber stitching process was increased by up to 143% compared to that of specimen without reinforcement.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.357-365
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• 1998

목적: 치과용 수복재료의 방사선 불투과성은 매우 다양하다. 따라서 다양한 수복재료의 방사선 불투과성을 인지하여 치질과 비교하면 이차우식의 진단에 도움이 될 수 있다. 도재의 방사선 불투과성에 따라 적절한 luting cement의 선택이 가농해진다. 수복재료의 방사선 불투과성은 알루미늄 step wedge 의 후경과 방사선 불투과성과의 상관관계 의해 측정된다. 본 연구의 목적은 CAD/CAM용 도재와 이틀의 접착에 쓰이는 접착재료의 방사선 불투과성을 조사해 적절한 재료의 선택과 이차우식 진단의 효율결정에 도움이 되게 하는데 있다. 방법: 본 실험에서는 CAD/CAM용 도재인 Vita MarkII, Dicor MGC와 이의 접착에 사용되는 Z-100, 그리고 luting cement인 Duo cement, Scotchbond resin cement를 사용해 방사선 불투과성을 측정하였다. 시편 제작을 위해 도재를 저속절단기로 두께 2mm, 3mm로 절단하였으며 Z-100과 cement시편은 두께 2mm와 3mm, 직경 7.0mm의 금속 주형을 제작한 후 재료를 양쪽 면에 유리판을 대고 조임쇠로 압접하였으며 광조사기를 사용하여 각 재료마다 두 가지 두께로 10개씩 100개의 시편을 제작하였다. 치질의 시편을 얻기 위해 교정 목적으로 최근에 발거된 정상적인 상악 소구치를 저속 절단기를 사용하여 협설측 교두정을 기준 삼아 2mm, 3mm 두께로 절단하였으며 방사선 불투과성의 기준을 위해 12개의 step으로 구성된 12mm두께의 aluminum step wedge를 사용하였다. Kodak E-Speed occlusal film에 aluminum step wedge와 시편들을 위치시킨 후 70kVp, 7mA, 2.16mm aluminum filtration으로 고정된 dental X-ray unit을 사용하여 target과 film 사이의 거리는 25cm, 노출시간은 0.2초로 하여 방사선 촬영을 한 다음, 현상된 방사선 사진상에 나타난 방사선 불투과성을 X-rite 301 densitometer를 이용하여 측정한 값들의 평균을 냈다. 얻어진 결과는 one-way ANOVA Duncan test(P<0.01)로 검증하였다. 결론: 1. Dicor MGC의 방사선 불투과성은 법랑질보다 약간 높게 나타났다.(P<0.01) 2. Vita Mark Il는 상아질보다 낮은 방사선 불투과성을 보였다.(P<0.01) 3. Z-100과 Luting cement들의 방사선 불투과성은 법랑질보다 높았다. Duo cement가 방사선 불투과성이 가장 높았고 그 다음이 Z-100, 그리고 Scotchbond resin cement 순이었다. 4. Z-100과 2종류의 방사선 불투과성 luting cement들은 Vita Mark II 와 같이 사용하면 2차우식 진단에 도움이 된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1995.05a
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• pp.723-728
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• 1995

Alloy 600 표면에 레이저 빔을 이용하여 Ni, Cr 흔합분말 및 순수 Cr 분말로 표면합금층을 만들었다. 표면 합금층은 모재와 정합계면를 이루고 있으며 레이저 표면용용 시편에서와 같이 크게 면선단 응고부와 셀룰라 응고부로 나눌 수 있고, 모재에는 레이저 처리과정에서 생긴 수십 $\mu\textrm{m}$ 두께의 열영향 부위가 존재하였다. 그리고 합금층 내부에는 레이저 표면 용용된 시편과 달리 구형의 커다란 기공(pores)이 존재하였다. 레이저 표면 합금층에서 합금원소의 조성 분포를 조사하기 위해 레이저 처리된 시편에 대해 WDX 분석을 하였고, 합금층 내부에 Ni, Cr, Fe 원소의 조성 분포는 매우 균일하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.177-179
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• 2007

지르코늄 합금 피복관을 고온-고압 수증기 분위기에서 산화시켰으며 이에 따른 결과를 도출하였다. 수증기 압력이 증가함에 따라서 산화량은 증가하였고, 산화막 두께 또한 두꺼워졌다. 산화된 시편의 산화막을 광학현미경과 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 대기압하에서 산화된 시편은 균일한 산화막을 갖는 반면 고압 수증기하에서 산화된 시편은 많은 균일이 관찰되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.9-16
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• 2020

This study aims to assess the effects of specimen thickness (ST) on fatigue crack growth in the early stages of crack propagation and near failure in magnesium alloys. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) method was adopted because fatigue crack propagation in magnesium alloys exhibits statistical behavior. The equality of variance test and residual diagnostics were performed on the grown cracks to confirm the validity of ANOVA by verifying the normal distribution and mutual independence of the residuals and their homoscedasticity. ANOVA confirmed that ST heavily impacts crack growth; i.e., when ST is smaller, cracks grow faster in the early crack propagation stage and break more quickly before the formation of larger cracks. We found that ST significantly affects fatigue crack growth in the early crack propagation stage and near the failure stage in magnesium alloys. The regression model was also used to predict crack formation near the failure stage.