• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.77-116
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• 2020

The use of drugs that reflect the experiences and achievements of modern science has given human being the benefits of treating diseases and improving health conditions. However, in addition to the benefits of those, medicines have inherently inevitable adverse reactions. Many countries are taking measures such as market entry regulations or post-marketing surveillance to minimize damage caused by drug side effects, but the occurrence of side effects cannot be eliminated. Although the damage is force majeure, in some cases, the doctor who prescribed the drug or the pharmacist who administered the drug may have to compensate for the damage. The liability depends on whether the side effects were known in advance, the type of medicine, etc. On the other hand, in some cases, drug manufacturer may have to take liability for the side effect itself. As it is not easy for victims to be compensated for damages in those cases, many countries, including Korea, are setting to protect victims through the Product Liability Act. Drugs are also one of the product, so liability set by the Product Liability Act may apply. Even before the enactment and enforcement of the Product Liability Act, damage caused by drug has occurred. To resolve them, precedents have developed case law, which have many similarities with the Product Liability Act, but also have differences. Damage caused by drug manufactured prior to the enforcement of the Product Liability Act may occur in the future. In this context, the legal principles of the case laws will remain valid and be applied. This is an important reason to review the case law of precedents.

• Journal of vocational education research
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.63-88
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• 2016

This study surveyed and analyzed the labor market result when comparing the case that junior college students found a job after transferring to 4-year university with the case that they found the job directly after graduating the junior college. The difference of the occupational structure following the transfer was surveyed in detail and this study examined what effect the transfer had on the occupation status. The graduate occupation movement survey(GOMS) was used and the samples of 544 persons were extracted to use through propensity score matching(PSM) to raise the choice convenience of the sample. The occupation status index to use as a dependent variable was developed to apply. The study result is as follows. First, as a result of confirming the occupational structure of the transfer, the transfer students were distributed in more various industrial fields evenly compared to the non-transfer students in the horizontal industrial structure, and non-transfer students were intensively distributed in the certain field. In the vertical occupation status structure, transfer students were distributed in the high occupation status more than non-transfer students who were broadly distributed in the low occupation status. Second, it was revealed the college transfer was highly effective for the occupation status, which appeared statistically significantly. The explanation variable that appeared significantly outside of that included the parents' academic background, major affiliation, employment pattern, major job coincidence, and job coincidence. The higher students' academic background was, the higher the occupation status was and in case of the engineering natural science affiliation, the occupation status was higher than the humanities social science. In case of full-time workers, their occupation status was higher than one of part time workers and it was revealed the occupation status was high when the their major coincided with the job and their educational/technical level coincided with their job.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.48
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• pp.325-359
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• 2017

The works of a literary and cultural historian Franco Moretti are conspicuous in many ways. Trained in Marxism and Russian formalism, he participated in the construction of the New Left in England. Also, he interestingly interpreted the socialization of the individual through the genre of bildungsroman. Then, he shifted his research interest to the notion of world literature, and to explore its global scale, he developed his own quantitative approach combined with advanced computer technology in digital humanities. His recent publication reveals that Moretti conducted a social critique of the European bourgeois culture with his new quantitative method. His macroscopic view of literature and use of cutting-edge technology in his research inspire historians of Korean literature located in the so-called periphery of world literature. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the idea of world literature outlined by Franco Moretti by reviewing his method called "distant reading" and examples of such an approach. His distant reading is to construct a macroscopic archive through inclusion of forgotten works from literary history and to analyze morphological patterns that frequently appear in the archive. His book entitled Graphs, Maps, Trees is a collection of examples of which he applied distant reading. By delving into such cases, I will raise questions about Moretti's macroscopic perspective of world literature in conjunction with Korean literature. As located at the periphery of global circulation of literary knowledge, Korea appropriated Western genres, established its literary institutions, and developed book markets through modern newspapers and magazines. This experience of furthering modern literature through periodicals would provide another view to revisit Moretti's world literature.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.199-210
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• 2019

Virtual Advertising, which was introduced exclusively in sports casting programs in 2010, has enlarged its scope to terrestrial TV networks' sports news, entertainment shows, and dramas by 2015. Such advertising deregulation allows broadcasting business operators to insert more various virtual advertising methods into TV programs. Despite recent evaluation that virtual advertising was deregulated to a large degree, it is still inadequate compared to foreign state of affairs and has a lot of room for growth. Therefore, this research explores a literature review of virtual advertising in other countries and considers possible ways for virtual advertising in Korea to move forward. Additionally, through in-depth interview with seven virtual advertising experts, the research unravels positive and negative impacts of virtual advertising as well as its current state of affairs and struggles. This research also analyses the regulation of virtual advertising and finally explores possible revitalization strategies. The results of the research show that it is necessary to first improve the viewers' favorable concerning virtual advertising in order to revitalize virtual advertising. Revitalization will also require a clarification of regulation as well as a more unified and consistent content review and rating system. Furthermore, it is imperative that data of advertising impact will be accessible to advertisers and that advertising regulation will loosen. Revitalization will also require a clarification of regulation as well as a more unified and consistent content review and rating system. Furthermore, it is imperative that data of advertising impact will be accessible to advertisers and that advertising regulation will loosen. It is necessary to further develop new techniques and creators of virtual advertising. The research suggests strategies and alternative paths for the growth and revitalization of the virtual advertising market in light of recently revised law.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.272-277
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• 2019

In this paper, a manufacturing method of an anti-glare cover glass on LCD for outdoor use is proposed. The main specification of cover glass is hardness and anti-glare. Hardness is achieved by using the tempered glass, and anti-glare(AG) film is laminated to meet anti-glare specification no the tempered glass. However, the AG film is difficult to maintain the AG performance continuously because the abrasion resistance of the PET film itself is as weak as about 3H. Therefore, a novel production procedure using screen printing method is proposed. The proposed coating is implemented by applying $ZnO-B_2O_3-SiO_2$ powder on glass surface and the glass is made with enhanced hardness through tempering process. In order to apply the ZBS powder uniformly on the glass surface, a screen printing process is used. The main parameters to be considered in screen printing are the oil concentration and mesh opening size. Because the amount of ZBS powder applied to the printing process is controlled by these two parameters, the correlativity is confirmed through the experiments. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed method, the haze, surface roughness and transmittance are selected as the performance index and are compared with the AG film. As a result of comparison, it is verified that the transmittance of the proposed tempered glass is 83.1%, which is slightly lower than 89.5% of AG film, but the hardness is more than double to 7H.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.21-36
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• 2014

Forest ecosystem provides variety goods and services for human being. Unlike goods, forest ecosystem services could not be easily priced by market mechanism. This uncertainty has been caused to conflict in decision-making related forest ecosystem services. Quantification of forest ecosystem services is required to understand the importance of ecosystem services and their contribution to decision-making. As a growing concern of climate change, it is necessary to quantify and calculate carbon storage and sequestration in forest. In this study, for quantifying carbon storage and sequestration, we compared scale, output, input data availability of the models and analyzed the applicability of the models to Korea. The results of this study show that most models are applicable for quantifying carbon storage and sequestration. However, relatively few models are applicable for other regulating services (air quality regulation, flood mitigation, erosion control, water quality, etc.) of forest. This study would be helpful for quantifying regulating services of forest ecosystem research.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.321-339
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• 2008

The purpose of this study to the analyze characteristics and purchasing activities of consumers by using the Multinomial Logit model, which is a well-known discrete selection model to explain and forecast consumers' selection activities(patterns). The study aims to determine the state of competition between National Brand and Private Band and how some demographic characters and marketing variables influence consumers' brand selections within the facial tissue market. Our analysis process includes reorganization of panel data(individuals' purchasing record at each point) to fit the purpose of our study as well as analysis of probability and influencing factors of consumers' brand selection at each point of purchases. The result showed that consumers at higher age and with higher income hold better probability to purchase National Brand. Likewise, locations also had considerable effect on selecting brand, and Private Brand was preferred in department store and discount stores. On the other hand, consumers loyal to National Brand reported higher probability to purchase if the product prices were higher while Private Brand buyers were more promoted the purchase under price discount.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.1577-1605
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• 2018

This study analyzes China's technology billionaires. However, this study does not show the accumulating process of wealth in each of the Chinese billionaires, because there are many technology billionaires, but only deals with the macro analysis of the technology billionaire; the pattern of existence, comparison with other industries, the process of wealth creation reflecting China's particularity, and comparison with the world's technology billionaires. The findings of this study are as follows. First, more than 10 billion yuan of Chinese billionaires will emerge from 2004. Second, in the early days, illegal and corruption made rich, but the wealth of own efforts has gradually increased. Third, the real estate and manufacturing billionaires are still strong overall, but the growth of billionaires in technology, medicine and finance industry is remarkable. Fourth, in the case of the top 10 richest, four are from real estate, four from technology, and two from manufacturing and distribution. Most technology billionaires are in Guangdong, Zhejiang, Beijing and Shanghai. The determinants of the number of billionaires are GDP, exchange rate to US Dollar and Shenzen Stock Index, and those of technology billionaire are GDP and exchange rate. Given the relationship with existing theories, this study can be called the fifth type of billionaire research. Conceptually, the main reason for accumulating wealth is the search for policy opportunities, market opportunities and technology opportunities.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.99-122
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• 2019

ODA (Official Development Assistance) aims for practicing international humanitarianism in developing countries. However, ODA donors also seek to find convincing evidence meeting the national economic & political interests in the international community. In this regards, precise & unbiased estimation of the policy effects of ODA aid on the donors' exports to the recipient countries has recently become one of the primary concerns of the ODA donors, especially developing countries including Korea of which economy structure heavily relies on exports for economic growth. Based on the basic gravity model, this study empirically analyzes the effects of technical cooperation ODA delivering skills, knowledge and technical know-how on Korea's exports to the ODA recipient countries using 10-year panel data from 2007 to 2016. Specifically, by incorporating major variables affecting trade such as GDP, distance, FDI etc, the effect of technical cooperation ODA on Korea's exports to the ODA recipient countries is estimated with various kinds of panel models. As a result, technical cooperation ODA has a statistically significant impact on Korea's exports to ODA recipient countries, especially in the exports of intermediate goods. And the detail process of this black-boxed mechanism is scrutinized through case studies on Uzbekistan, The Philippines, and Morocco.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.48-58
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• 2021

For securing technology and business competences of companies that is the engine of domestic industrial growth, government-supported policy programs for the creation of commercialization results in various forms such as 『Technology Transaction Market Vitalization』 and 『Technology Finance-based R&D Commercialization Support』 have been carried out since 2014. So far, various studies on technology valuation theories and evaluation variables have been formalized by experts from various fields, and have been utilized in the field of technology commercialization. However, Their practicality has been questioned due to the existing constraint that valuation results are assessed lower than the expectation in the evaluation sector. Even considering that the evaluation results may differ depending on factors such as the corporate situation and investment environment, it is necessary to establish a reference infrastructure to secure the objectivity and reliability of the technology valuation results. In this study, we investigate the evaluation infrastructure built by each institution and examine whether the latest artificial neural networks and deep learning technologies are applicable for performing predictive simulation of technology values based on principal variables, and predicting sales estimates and qualitative evaluation scores in order to embed onto the technology valuation system.