• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.413-421
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• 2014

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is involved in the stress response and there is increasing evidence that stress influences skin disease such as hair loss. In cultured human hair follicles, CRF inhibits hair shaft elongation, induces premature regression and promotes the apoptosis of hair matrix keratinocytes. We investigated whether CRF influences the dermal papilla cells (DPC) that play pivotal roles in hair growth and cycling. Human DPCs were treated with CRF, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol, key stress hormones along the hypothalamic-pituitary -adrenal (HPA) axis for 1-24 h. Interestingly, CRF modulated the expression of cytokines related to hair growth (KGF, Wnt5a, $TGF{\beta}-2$, Nexin) and increased cAMP production in cultured DPCs. CRF receptors were down-regulated by negative feedback systems. Pretreatment of CRF receptor antagonists or protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor prevented the CRF-induced modulation. Since the CRF induces proopiomelanocortin (POMC) expression through the cAMP/PKA pathway, we analyzed POMC mRNA. CRF stimulated POMC expression in cultured human DPCs, yet we were unable to detect ACTH levels by western blot. These results indicate that CRF operates within DPCs through CRF receptors along the classical CRF signaling pathway and CRF receptor antagonists could serve as potential therapeutic and cosmetic agents for stress-induced hair loss.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.113-122
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to examine brain structural abnormalities in autistic children. Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) findings in 22 male children with a DSM-Ⅲ-R diagnosis of autistic disorder and 17 non-autistic male control children were investigated. The ratio measures by lineometry was used to examine the cerebrum, midbrain, cerebellum, brain stem and ventricular system. The left to right ratio of the lateral ventricle was larger in autistic children than in controls. The pons was significantly larger in autistic children than in controls, and the cerebellum was smaller in autistic children. There were no significant differences between autistic children and controls in the symmetricity of the fontral lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe and temporal lobe, and in the size of the midbrain and 4th ventricle. These findings suggest that autistic disorder may be related to structural impairment of the brain.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.68-78
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• 1993

The pathophysiology and neural mechanism involved in Tourette's and chronic motor tic disorder are highly controversial. In order to investigate the functional abnormalities of brain. In Tourette's and chronic motor tic disorder, 42 children with Tourette's and chronic motor disorder underwent single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT) using Tc-99m-HM-PAO. The results are summarized as follows : 1) 31.0% (13/42) of this series revealed perfusion defect in cerebral cortex. 2) 4.8% (2/42) revealed perfusion defect in basal ganglia. 3) 4.8(2/42) revealed perfusion defect in thalamus. 4) 16.7%(7/42) showed perfusion defect in cerebellum. 5) The frequency of abnormal perfusion showed no significant difference between tic with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. 6) The frequency of abnormal perfusion showed no significant difference between Tourette's and chronic motor tic disorder. These findings support the hypothesis of a possible involvement of brain dysfunction in the production of Tourette's and chronic motor tic disorder, and quantification of blood flow and co-registration with magnetic resonance imaging will increase the validity of this study.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.215-222
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate differences between the morphology of the mandibular symphysis and four facial skeletal types. Materials and Methods: 40 cone-beam computed tomographies were selected and classified in to 4 groups according to their vertical and anterior-posterior skeletal patterns. The bone volume ($mm^3$) of the symphysis, the cross sectional area corresponding to the 4 mandibular incisors' axis: the cross sectional area of total bone ($mm^2$), the area of the cancellous bone ($mm^2$) and the thickness (mm) of labial and lingual alveolar bone at 2 mm, 3 mm under the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) were measured. General linear model (GLM), Kruskal-Wallis test and Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) test were subsequently used for statistical analysis. Results: The lingual cortical bone thickness of the lateral incisors at 2, 3 mm under CEJ was greater in the Class I low angle group than the other 3 groups (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the volume of the mandibular incisor bony support, cross-sectional area of total bone and cancellous bone at the mandibular incisor' axis. Conclusion: Patients in Class I, low angle group have a thicker lingual mandibular symphysis than Class I, high angle patients.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.76-86
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• 1994

Objectives: This research was performed in order to observe the neuropsychological implication and functional anatomical source of event related potentials(ERP) by studying of correlations between event related potentials and neuropsychological tests. Methods: The latency and voltage of P100 of visual evoked potential (VEP), and N120 and P300 of event related potentials were studied in 56 patients and their correlations with neuropsychological tests were computed. Results: The tests showing significant correlation with latency P100 were visual continous performance test(VCPT) and contingent continous performance test(CCPT) without any significant correlation with voltage of P100. In latency of N120 category test and verbal IQ of KWIS showed significant correlation, and in voltage of N120, finger tapping test, VCPT, CCPT and digit symbol test displayed significant correlations. The latency of P300 had significant correlation with trail making A test and Stroop test. In the voltage of P300 significant correlations were shown with trail making B test, digit symbol test and Wechsler memory scale, finger tapping test, stroop test, VCPT and CCPT. Conclusion : N120 may be considered to reflect the function of medial frontal lobe and P300 may be considered to be developed from the subcortical connection of medial temporal lobe, hippocampus, thalamus, basal ganglia and medial frontal lobe.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.30 no.3 s.80
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• pp.273-285
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• 2000

The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the differences of two canti-leyer springs by using a new simulation system. This was done using a Calorific machine that compared iron uprighting spring and root uprighting spring. The Calorific machine was designed to allow observation of the whole process of tooth moving, and is composed of three parts(a temperature regulating system, electro-thermodynamic teeth, and an artificial alveolar bone component). The experiment of both mechanics were repeated five times and measured two times. The intra-examiner agreement and inlet-examiner agreement were $96.54\%\;and\;95.73\%$ and these data were statistically tested by paired t-test. The obtained results were as follows. 1. Distal and buccal movement of the anchor teeth were observed greater in the root uprighting spring than the crown uprighting spring. 2. Crown uprighting spring showed distal movement of the crown of lower second molar for 3.29mm but root uprighting spring showed only 1.68mm. 3. Crown uprighting spring exhibited forward movement of mesial and distal root of the lower second molar for 3.91mm, 3.60mm but the root uprighting spring showed 6.76mm, 6.26mm.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.117-128
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• 2013

Objectives The purpose of this study is analyzing internal research trends of abnormal postures and providing problems of researches forward. Methods 6 Korean databases were searched for articles of abnormal postures, irrespective of publication year and 30 research were systematically reviewed. An analytical method such as descriptive statistics and an acutal number and percentage was used. Results We collected 30 studies. 16 studies were published within the last four years. 2012 saw 7 studies, the highest number of studies. Clinical research is the major research method. 26 studies were clinical research. The studies can be categorized according to the characteristic of the research content such as research of related factors or physical characteristics, research of treatment or programs, etc. 16 studies were about research of treatment or programs, the most number of studies. 11 studies were about research of related factors or physical characteristics, and 3 studies were about other issues. Conclusions Since the connection among postural abnormality, pain, and musculoskeletal system disorder has been raising, it is important to conduct a continued, methodical study.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.286-294
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• 2010

This study was performed to identify the cerebral network associated with sensation through the tickling stimulation, which is distinctive from the rest of other networks processing normal stimulation and to investigate the difference of laughing mechanism which is closely related to tickling using functional MRI(fMRI). A 16 healthy volunteers (mean age: 28.9) on a 3.0T MR scanner during two sensation conditions. Counterbalanced stimulus were presented across the participants, and the stimulation was used block design. Acquired data was analyzed by the statistical parametric mapping (SPM 99). Subject and group analysis was performed. Individual analysis showed the activation of somatic sensation area in both tasks and the tickling sensation test showed more activated area in the Wernicke's area(BA40) compared to the normal sensation. The group analysis result shows that under normal stimulations, both sides of somatosensory cortices(BA 1,2 and 3) were activated and under tickling stimulation, not only the cortices but also those huge activation on thalamus, cingulate gyrus and insular lobe were detected. When the tickling was stopped, significant activations were shown in right cingulate gyrus, left MFG area and left insular lobe. A cerebral area responsible for recognizing tickling sensation was examined and the primitive stimulation such as tickling is much closely related to laugh, which is an important factor for various social activities.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2008

Objective : Spondylothesis is a disease which sagittal facet of vertebral body's invariable alignment is being broken and vertebral body being pushed forward. Main pattern of spondylothesis is isthmic spondylothesis by isthmus defect or fracture, degenerative spondylothesis occurred by desiccated change of intervertebral disc or vertebral condyle joint's ligament. The purpose of this study is to assess the difference of the Pelvic angles, Lumbosacral angles, Pelvic tilt, and Lumbar lordotic angles of the spondylothesis patients. Methods : We analyzed the lateral view of lumbar spine of 49 isthmic spondylothesis patients, 45 degenerative spondylothesis patients and 26 patients who haven't been diagnosed as vertebra disease. We investigated each patient's pelvic angle, lumbosacral angle, pelvic tilt and lumbar lordotic angle. Results and Conclusion : 1. Pelvic incidence, in cases of degenerate spondylothesis patients, is higher than spondylothesis patients but shows less significance. On the contrary significance is higher than the group haven't been diagnosed as vertebra disease. 2. Lumbosacral incidence, in cases of isthmic spondylothesis patients, shows higher significance than degenerative spondylothesis patients and the group haven't been diagnosed as vertebra disease. 3 Pelvic tilt, in cases of degenerative spondylothesis patients, shows higher significance than isthmic spondylothesis patients and the group haven't been diagnosed as vertebra disease. 4. Lumbar lordotic angle, in cases of isthmic spondylothesis patients, shows higher significance than degenerative spondylothesis patients and the group haven't been diagnosed as vertebra disease. 5. Degenerative spondylothesis patient shows specific impression, a forwardly moved high femoral axial and as a result of large lumbrosacral angle and lumbar lordotic angle shows specific impression, an increased weight pressure on sacrum.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.55-65
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• 2001

This paper's purpose is three-folded: modeling the self-regulating fire prevention system, developing a packet of practical fire prevention measures and regulations, and reviewing the applicability of fire insurance system in Korea as a main components of the self-regulating fore prevention system. The so called self-regulating fire prevention system is defined as a grand national fire prevention framework based on and promoted by the vitality and creativeness of the market (or private sector). This drastically contrasts with the existing government-led fire prevention system in Korea. The self-regulating fire prevention system has three grounds: the principle of self-responsibility, the redefinition of the fire service as a public goods, and the principle of self-selection. It seems natural that the self-regulating fire prevention system requires the function of fire insurance institution as a pivoting mechanism providing individual decision makers with a system of incentives, resulting in rational behaviors in the part of each individuals and in the well-balanced fire prevention network in the part of the overall public. In this regard, this pilfer examines the institutions and performance of the fire insurance industry in Korea and reviews the limitation of the industry as an instant replacement mechanism of the current government-led fire prevention system in Korea.