• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.191-197
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• 2008

Purpose: To evaluate the postoperative magnetic resonance image (MRI) findings of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructed with a tension load technique using auto-Achilles tendon, and to compare the results with knees with a native ACL. Materials and Methods: We evaluated 21 postoperative MRI scan of 21 patients (group A) who had undergone ACL reconstruction between January 1995 and November 1996. The control group (group B) consisted of 50 patients whose meniscus tear had been operated by arthroscopy and whose ACL was intact. We measured the orientation of the graft in the sagittal and coronal planes and compared it with that of the native ACL. Results: The mean sagittal angle of the ACL angle in group A ($55.7{\pm}5.6^{\circ}$, range $47.2{\sim}68.8^{\circ}$) was statistically lesser than group B ($58.7{\pm}3.8^{\circ}$, range $50.4{\sim}67.5^{\circ}$) (p=0.036). But there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups with regard to the mean ACL-Blumensaat line angle (group A: $8.1^{\circ}{\pm}4.9^{\circ}$, range $1.7^{\circ}{\sim}22.0^{\circ}$, group B: $8.6^{\circ}{\pm}3.6^{\circ}$, range $2.6^{\circ}-18.1^{\circ}$) and the mean coronal angle of the ACL (group A: $64.9^{\circ}{\pm}9.1^{\circ}$, range $46.9^{\circ}{\sim}76.4^{\circ}$, group B: $65.9^{\circ}{\pm}4.4^{\circ}$, range $57.7^{\circ}{\sim}75.2^{\circ}$)(p=0.88, p= 0.62). In the sagittal plane, the mean center of tibial insertion of the ACL graft in group A ($31.9{\pm}7.1%$, range 22.4-47.9%) was positioned more anteriorly than group B ($37.0{\pm}4.9%$, range $18.5{\sim}44.7%$)(p=0.005). But in the coronal plane, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups(group A: $46.3{\pm}2.8%$, range $42.1{\sim}52.5%$, group B: $45.7{\pm}2.8%$, range $41.0{\sim}49.1%$)(p=0.392). Conclusion: We performed an ACL reconstruction with the tension load technique using auto-Achilles tendon and we found that the graft orientation in MRI was as good as that of the native ACL.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.117-129
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• 1997

Recently, combined with social complexity, increment of medical demand and supply and the change of esthetic category, admission and operation of the patients of facial deformity have been changed with annual change. This study was conducted in the concept of helping the overall character of orthognathic surgery in future understood and being an important index in the establishment of better treatment course, through the patient, on whom was operated orthognathic surgery via sagittal split ramal osteotomy in our Dept. of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Chonbuk National University Hospital from 1991. 1. 1 to 1995. 12. 31. The results were obtained as follows. 1. The ratio of male to female was 1 : 1.33 and the ages between 16 and 25 year was 73.6%, and the mean age was 20.4 years. 2. The ratio of setback amount between 6 to 15mm was 84.6% and the advancement amount between 1 to 10mm was 89% and the mean amount of movement was 9.0mm in setback, and 3.6mm in advancement. 3. After removal of maxillomandibular fixation(MMF), the distinction of sex was not statistically significant in ROM. 4. The ROM following methods of fixation was statistically significant in 3rd(P<0.05), 8th, and 12th week(each P<0.01), with faster rehabilitation in rigid fixation which had shorter MMF period. 5. The rehabilitation of ROM following the operation methods was statistically significant in 1st(P<0.05), 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 6th, 8th, and 12th week(each P<0.01) with faster rehabilitation in the case of SSRO than Lefort I / SSRO (Two jaw surgery). 6. The rehabilitation of ROM following directions of mandibular movement did not manifest a statistically significant difference in both setback and advancement.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.17-25
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• 1984

Hypothalamic-pituitary function in patients of 6 selected groups of amenorrhea was evaluated by performing premarin test. Selected amenorrheic patients were divided into 6 groups of Turner's syndrome(5), adrenogenital syndrome(3), Sheehan's syndrome(4), moderate hyperprolactinemia(3), severe hyperprolactinemia(9) and functional oligoamenorrhea(9) the diagnoses of which were performed according to modified our own protocol for management of amenorrheic patients. As control 20 normally cycling women in mid follicular phase determined by their symptothermal charts during last 6 months designed by WHO were compared. The premarin test which is one of the tests evaluating the hypothalamic-pituitary function by the principle of negative and positive feed back effect's of estrogen was performed by injecting 20 mg of premarin in volus intravenously. The levels of serum LH before, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours after injection of premarin were measured by double antibody technique radioimmunoassay the reagents of which were supplied by WHO. The results were as follows: 1. Both negative and positive feed back effects by exogenous estrogen were well preserved even in the patients of gonadal dysgenesis although the baseline levels were much higher than normal. 2. In the patients of Sheehan's syndrome one could observe the minimal response of feed back effect in the case with minimal pituitary function. 3, Androgens in adrenogenital syndrome and prolactin in hyperprolactinemia may suppress mainly the positive feed back effect rather than the negative one. The suppressive effect can be abolished by proper treatments which can eliminate those suppressive hormones. 4. This premarin test may be beneficial for predicting the result of clomiphene in ovulation induction.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.187-192
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• 2012

Objectives Although antipsychotic drug clozapine has superior efficacy, this is hampered by metabolic side effects such as weight gain and diabetes. Recent studies demonstrate that clozapine induces insulin resistance. However, the identity and location of insulin resistance induced by clozapine has not been clarified. In this study, the effect of clozapine on central insulin response was investigated in rats. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats received intraperitoneal injection of clozapine or vehicle, which was followed by intracerebroventricular injection of insulin or its vehicle. The effects of clozapine on insulin-induced changes in blood glucose level and Akt phosphorylation in hypothalamus were investigated. Results Intraperitoneal injection of clozapine (20 mg/kg) increased blood glucose in rats. Intracerebroventricular injection of insulin reduced blood glucose in rats, which was blunted by pretreatment of clozapine. Accompanied with the antagonistic effect of clozapine to central insulin action in terms of blood glucose, clozapine inhibited the insulin-induced phosphorylation of Akt at Ser473 in rat hypothalamus. Conclusion Administration of clozapine inhibited the central insulin-induced changes in blood glucose and Akt phosphorylation in rat hypothalamus. These findings suggest that hypothalamus could be the site of action for the clozapine-induced insulin resistance.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.51-62
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• 1994

The sagittal split osteotomy of the mandibular ramus is a common procedure which has been used in the correction of mandibular deformities for a few decades. Although the technical improvements have increased the reliability and stability of SSRO procedure, the postoperative relapse is imperative and clinically more significant than any other complication. One of the major causes of the relapse is due to the displacement of the proximal segment during SSRO procedure, which is well documented in the literature. Therefore it is important to preserve the original position of the proximal segment during SSRO proced and maxillofacial fixation period. In the case of mandibular asymmetry, if one side of mandible is advanced and the other side of mandible is setback during SSRO procedure, the proximal segment in the advancement site will rotate laterally and the proximal segment in the setback site will rotate medially. For the prevention of the lateral rotation or flaring of the proximal segment in the advancment site. we deliberately fracture the posterior protion of the distal segment in green-stick fashion during SSRO procedure, and there is no need to fix the fractured lingual segment. We fix the two osteotomized bony segments in the buccal cortex area rigidly with adjustable monocortical plates and screws. During SSRO procedure the lingual fracture technique was applied to nine patients with severe mandibular asymmetry who underwent orthognathic surgery in our hospital since march, 1992. These clinical experiencies enable us to find the lingual fracture technique has the following advantages. 1. The proximal segment is displaced minimally. 2. The osteotomized bony segments are contacted intimately. 3. The postoperative relapse and the healing period are decreased.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.132-140
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• 2010

Purpose: The aim of this study is to identify the usefulness of unilateral mandibular angle ostectomy, so-called "Lateral Angle Reduction", in asymmetric prognathism patients by the assessment of postoperative stability and esthetic results Patients and methods: For the retrospective study, 10 skeletal class III mandibular asymmetry patients who were performed SSRO and unilateral mandibular angle ostectomy, Lateral Angle Reduction, was selected. Lateral and posterioanterior cephalogram was taken before surgery (T0), 1day after surgery (T1) and 6month after surgery (T2). To know the esthetic results the facial width and lateral facial contour were examined on posterioanterior cephalogram and to know the postoperative stability B point and Incisor inferius was examined on lateral cephalogram. Statistical analysis was performed. Results: From T0 to T1, Intergonial width was significantly decreased, dominantly at shortened side but no significant changes at lengthened side. Those were well-maintained during 6 months. Lateral facial angle and Ramus angle was significantly decreased on only shortened side from T0 to T1. As a result, after surgery, there were no significant differences in all measurements between shortened side and lengthened side. Ramus deviation angle in shortened side and ramus angle in lengthened side which reflect the angulation of ramus on frontal plane didn't show significant changes after surgery and during postsurgical periods. Lower dental midline showed no statistical changes during postsurgical period. The relapse rate on B-point was 11.92%. Conclusion: Unilateral "Lateral angle reduction" in the asymmetric mandible is valuable to obtain the narrow lower face and symmetric facial contour with a good stability.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.183-191
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• 2005

Tic disorder including Tourette's disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder that appears in childhood and characterized by the presence of motor and vocal tics. Childhood-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is suggested to be a phenomenologically and etiologically distinct subtype of OCD, bearing a close genetic relationship to tic-disorders. Tourette's disorder and OCD are comorbid in $40-75\%$ of patients initially diagnosed with either disorder. Basal ganglia and cortico-striato-thalamic circuits are implicated in the pathophysiology of both disorders and these disorders have similar clinical features. Over the past decades, the progress in research on Tourette's disorder and OCD has been extraordinary. This review describes some of important insights from these work, involving these areas : 1) clinical implication 2) genetics and epidemiology 3) brain imaging study 4) neuroche-mistry 5) pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection (PANDAS).

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.51-63
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• 2020

This study analyzed newspaper reports in the United States and South Korea that focused on Parasite's unprecedented performance at the 2020 Academy Awards. The research focused on the power relationship between 'the established and the outsiders (Elias & Scotson, 1994)' as represented by the Academy Awards and Parasite, respectively. Qualitative content analysis and text analysis were conducted to examine the reporting of American and South Korean newspapers and illuminate three aspects of the power relations between the Academy Awards and Parasite. Three major findings were derived. First, the Academy traditionally has a reputation for marginalizing films with a non-English or Asian background, but recognition of Parasite at the 92nd ceremony changed the Academy's established position of power. Second, historically, the Academy Awards had been characterized by a group charisma that exerts stigmatization (through an English-oriented policy and language stigmatization) and accords North American films priority over non-English movies. Lastly, the reports of newspapers in the two countries are generally similar, but the Korean articles internalized the individual, society, and the state.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.180-189
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• 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study is to describe the effects of traditional Korean medicine treatment on a patient with an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) at the left basal ganglia, thalamus, and posterior limb of the internal capsule. Methods: The patient was treated with acupuncture, moxibustion, Hyangsayukgunja-tang, and Samul-tang-gami. The effect of these treatments were evaluated using the manual muscle test (MMT), modified Barthel index (MBI), and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Results: After the treatments, the patient's status improved, as shown by his MMT grade, which increased from 1/1 to 4/4. In addition, the patient's MBI score improved from 0 to 77, and his NIHSS score declined from 16 to 2. In addition, the patient's Levin tube and Foley catheter were removed. Conclusion: The results suggest that traditional Korean medicine may be effective in the treatment of patients with ICH.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.587-599
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• 2002

Extracellular single unit recordings were made from the ventral posteromedial thalamic (VPM) nociceptive neurons to determine mechanoreceptive field (RF) and response properties. A total of 44 VPM thalamic nociceptive neurons were isolated from rats anesthetized with urethane-chloralose. Based on responses to various mechanical stimuli including touch, pressure and pinch applied to the RF, 32 of 44 neurons were classified as nociceptive specific (NS) neuron. The other 12 neurons, classified as wide dynamic range (WDR), showed a graded response to increasingly intense stimuli, with a maximum discharge to noxious pinch. The VPM nociceptive neurons showed various spontaneous activity ranged from 0-6 Hz. They were located throughout the VPM, and had an contralateral RF including mainly intraoral (and perioral) regions. The RF size was relatively small, and very few neurons had a receptive field involving 3 trigeminal divisions. The NS neurons activated only by pressure and pinch stimuli had high mechanical thresholds compared to WDR neurons activated also by touch stimuli. The VPM nociceptive neurons were tested with suprathershold graded mechanical stimuli. Most of 21 NS and 8 WDR neurons showed a progressive increase in number of spikes as mechanical stimulus intensity was increased. In some neurons, the responses reached a peak before the highest intensity was given. Application of 5 mM $CoCl_2{\;}(10{\;}{\mu}\ell)$ solution to the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis did not produce any significant changes in the spontaneous activity, RF size, mechanical threshold, and response to suprathreshold mechanical stimuli of 9 VPM nociceptive neurons tested. 17 of 33 VPM nociceptive neurons responded to noxious heat as well as noxious mechanical stimuli applied to their RF. Application of the mustard oil, a small-fiber excitant and inflammatory irritant, to the right maxillary first molar tooth pulp induced an immediate but short-lasting neuronal discharges upto approximately 4 min in 16 of 42 VPM nociceptive neurons. These results suggest that VPM thalamic nucleus may contribute to the sensory discriminative aspect of orofacial nociception.