• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2019

While wood pellets are often used as a fuel in thermoelectric power plants and firewood boilers, there is a risk of ignition temperature when strong wood pellets, which have a high calorific value, for prolonged periods of time. In this research study, the minimum auto ignition temperature and the ignition limitation temperature according to the change in flow rate depending on the size of the test vessel were calculated, and based on these temperatures, the apparent activation energy was calculated to predict the combustive properties of the material. The apparent activation energy was calculated to be 190.224 kJ/mol. The thicker the sample is storage in the vessel, the longer the ignition induction time was due to the increased difficulty in heat being transferred from the surface of the vessel to the middle section area of the vessel. For vessel of the same size, the higher the flow rate, the lower the auto ignition temperature was. It was also confirmed that increases in the size of the test vessel lowered the auto ignition temperature and increased the ignition induction time.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.462-467
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• 1997

The DIS process(dewatering and impregnation soaking process) are using for dewatering of food materials at room temperature. And the DIS process are resulted in diffusion process as well as dewatering phenomena. During the DIS process, plasmolysis or cytorrhysis was happened by according to solute size. A tissue state of food material was very important variables for movement of water or solute, and running conditions are important for dewatering and impregnation. And models for DIS process were fundamentally given by Fick's law at unsteady state or mass balance. For example, Bicompartmental Model was given for quantification of water loss and solid gain.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2011

We have performed measurements of the local magnetic field distribution of YBCO coated conductors using Low-temperature Scanning Hall Probe Microscopy (LT-SHPM). Distribution of stray magnetic field of various types of YBCO coated conductors in the superconducting state was measured in presence of external magnetic fields. We analyzed one dimensional and two dimensional local current distribution using inversion technique from the magnetic field distribution.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.153-160
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• 2009

A PM10 (aerodynamic diameter${\leq}$10 ${\mu}m$) sampler is used to quantify the potential human exposure to suspended particulate matter (PM) and to comply with the governmental regulation. This study was conducted to compare and evaluate the same PM10 cutpoint and different slopes between United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) PM10 sampling criterion and American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists/$Comit\acute{e}$ $Europ\acute{e}en$ de Normalization/International Organization for Standardization thoracic PM10 sampling criterion through theory and experiment. Four PM10 samplers according to the USEPA criterion and one RespiCon sampler in accordance with the thoracic PM10 criterion were used in the present study. In addition, one DustTrak monitor was used to measure real time PM10 mass concentrations. All six aerosol samplers were tested in a PM generation chamber using polydisperse fly ash. Theoretical mass concentrations were calculated by applying the measured particle size distribution characteristics (geometric mean = 6.6 ${\mu}m$, geometric standard deviation = 1.9) of fly ash to each sampling criterion. The measured mass concentrations through a chamber experiment were consistent with theoretical mass concentrations in that a RespiCon sampler with the thoracic PM10 criterion collected less PM than a PM10 sampler with the USEPA criterion. The overall chamber experiment results indicated, when a PM10 sampler was used as a reference sampler, that (1) a RespiCon sampler had a normalizing factor of 1.6, meaning that this sampler underestimated an average 60% of PM10 mass sampled from a PM10 sampler, and (2) a DustTrak real-time monitor using a PM10 inlet had a calibration factor of 2.1.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.287-301
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• 2019

Preservation of the original form is the principle for conservation, management and utilization of cultural heritages. Thus, non-destructive analysis of these samples are important field of the conservation science. In this study, examined the applicability of nondestructive surface X-ray diffraction analysis (ND-XRD) for cultural heritage by materials (rock specimen, jade stone, pigment painted specimen, earthen artifact, metal artifact). In result, all type of sample is recorded suitable X-ray diffraction patterns for identifying mineral composition in case of surface condition with adequate particle size and arrangement. And diffraction pattern is reflected surface information than matrix. Therefore, ND-XRD is thought to be applicable not only mineral identification but also interpretation of manufacturing technique and alteration trend about layered sample (in horizontally or vertically). Whereas some exceptional diffraction patterns were recorded due to overlapping information on specific crystal planes. It caused by skip the sample treatment (powdering and randomly orientation). It could be advantageously used for mineral identification, such as preferred orientation of clay minerals. In contrast, irregular diffraction pattern caused by single crystalline effect is required careful evaluation.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

Oxygen isotope analysis was carried out on a oyster (Crassostrea gigas) from the neolithic age Gagok-ri shell midden site, Dangjin, Korea to determine the seasonality of shellfish gathering and site occupation. Isotope samples were taken from the hinge section of the left valve of the oyster. The isotope values of the shell range from -2.02‰ to -6.05‰ vs PDB. The isotope profile shows a seasonal temperature cycle, providing information related to seasonality of shellfish gathering. The isotope values towards the edge of the hinge are gradually increasing, suggesting progressively cooling and a fall period of shell gathering and site occupation. The result shows that the oxygen isotope analysis using oyster shell hinges can be used for archaeological seasonality studies.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.391-398
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• 2003

Basic research for the determination of boron content in biological sample has been carried out using the PGAA facility of the 24MW research reactor(HANARO). For investigation of characteristics for the measurement condition, neutron flux and its homogeneity were measured at irradiating geometry. The size of thermal neutron beam collimated from beam guide is $2{\times}2cm^2$ at the sample position. The neutron flux measured was the range of $1.0{\sim}6.5{\times}10^7n{\cdot}cm^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, and flux distribution from center within the radius of 4.5 mm and 9.0 mm was $5.77{\pm}0.71{\times}10^7n{\cdot}cm^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ and $4.68{\pm}1.64{\times}10^7n{\cdot}cm^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, respectively. Accordingly, sample size is adjusted within 10 mm for a homogeneous irradiation of high quality. Measurement system is designed to reduce the background source by Compton scattering and to improve the analytical sensitivity. To investigate the energy calibration and Compton suppression effect of gamma-ray counting system, the background conditions on both of Compton and single-mode were measured using NaCl standard. On the other hand, degree of spectral interference for sodium 472 keV peak as a matrix effect in the sample is established for an accurate boron analysis, and then boron content in three certified reference materials (NIST SRM 1570a, 1547, 1573a) was measured by using two modes and the results were compared with each other.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.297-297
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• 2012

양자점은 공간적으로 세 방향 모두 전하의 운동을 제한하는 0차원 구조로 불연속적인 상태 밀도를 가진다. 이런 양자점의 특성은 광통신용 소자, 레이저 다이오드 등과 같은 광학 및 전자 장치에 응용될 수 있기 때문에 많은 주목을 받아 활발히 연구되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 MBE 장비를 이용하여 GaAs 기판위에 InAs 양자점을 성장시키는 동안 As의 공급을 임의로 차단시켜 양자점 형성 조건을 변화시킨 시료들의 광학적 특성을 Photoluminescence (PL) 와 Time-resolved PL (TRPL) 실험을 이용하여 분석하였다. GaAs (001) 기판 위에 GaAs buffer layer를 $610^{\circ}C$에서 성장한 후, $470^{\circ}C$에서 As 공급 조건 변화에 따른 InAs 양자점을 성장하였다. 양자점을 성장한 후 GaAs cap layer를 $610^{\circ}C$에서 성장하였다. InAs 양자점 시료들은 In을 20초 공급하는 동안 As의 공급과 차단을 각각 1초, 2초, 3초의 일정한 간격으로 반복하였다. 10 K에서 각각의 시료들의 PL을 측정한 결과 As 공급과 차단을 2초씩 반복한 T2시료에서 PL 세기가 가장 좋게 나타났으며, 3초씩 반복한 T3시료에서 가장 나쁘게 나타났다. PL 피크는 공급과 차단을 1초씩 반복한 T1 시료가 1.23 eV, T2 시료가 1.24 eV, T3 시료가 1.26 eV에 나타났으며, As의 차단시간이 증가함에 따라 PL 피크가 높은 에너지로 이동함을 보였다. 발광파장에 따른 PL 소멸은 파장이 증가함에 따라 점차 느려지다가 PL 피크 근처에서 가장 느린 소멸곡선을 보이고, 파장이 더 증가하였을 때 점차 빠르게 소멸하였다. As 공급 조건의 변화에 따라 InAs 양자점의 크기와 밀도, 모양 등이 변하는 것을 Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) image를 통하여 확인하였으며, PL과 TRPL을 이용하여 InAs 양자점의 광학적 특성을 분석하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2015.08a
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• pp.94.2-94.2
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• 2015

주사전자현미경은 나노 크기의 재료 및 바이오 물질의 이미지를 관찰하는 가장 일반적인 분석 장비이다. 주사전자현미경을 이용한 시료 관찰은 주로 10-5 Torr 이하의 고진공에서 이루어진다. 부도체 재료는 전자빔에 의해 대전(charging)이 발생하여 이미지가 왜곡되며, 이를 방지하기 위해 금 등의 금속을 코팅한다. 한편 10-1 Torr 이상 압력의 저진공에서는 부도체 재료도 charging이 발생하지 않아 생물시료등의 부도체 표면을 코팅없이 관찰할 수 있다. 본 발표에서는 현재 개발중인 저진공 관찰 주사전자현미경의 차동배기구조를 보여준다. 또한 차동배기에 의해 가동 압력 10-1 Torr 이상의 시료실과 10-5 Torr이하의 전자총실의 진공 배기특성을 보고하며, 저진공에서의 주사전자현미경 이미지를 보여준다.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.178-182
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• 2000

본 연구의 목적은 실험실에서 퇴적물의 다분광반사 특성과 물성을 측정하고 이를 위성 영상에 적용하여 영상에서 나타나는 퇴적물의 분광차이의 원인을 해석하고, 위성영상에서의 퇴적물의 분류 가능성을 연구하는데 있다. 연구에서는 Landsat TM위성 영상과 350~2500nm 파장대역에 대한 퇴적물 시료의 분광측정 자료를 사용하였으며, 기존의 조사 자료를 토대로 TM 영상에서 퇴적물을 분류한 후, 현장에서 시료를 채취하여 입도 분류를 실시하였다. 퇴적물의 입도와 함수비에 따른 분광특성변화를 검증하였으며, 입도와 함수비에 대한 회귀식을 구하여 이를 영상에 적용 분류하였다. 분석 결과 다분광자료 측정시 퇴적물입도에 따른 분광차이는 미약하였으며 이를 TM 자료로 재구성하였을 때는 분광특성을 구분할 수 없었다. 퇴적물의 분류는 TM Band 4, 5, 7을 이용한 회귀식을 적용할 때 비교적 정확하게 나타났으나, 영상에서 퇴적물의 분광 차이는 입도 크기가 직접적인 요인이 아니라 입도에 의한 함수비 및 유기물 함량의 차이에 기인한 것으로 해석된다.