• Title/Summary/Keyword: 시드

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Improving the Quality of Web Spam Filtering by Using Seed Refinement (시드 정제 기술을 이용한 웹 스팸 필터링의 품질 향상)

  • Qureshi, Muhammad Atif;Yun, Tae-Seob;Lee, Jeong-Hoon;Whang, Kyu-Young
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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    • v.48 no.6
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    • pp.123-139
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    • 2011
  • Web spam has a significant influence on the ranking quality of web search results because it promotes unimportant web pages. Therefore, web search engines need to filter web spam. web spam filtering is a concept that identifies spam pages - web pages contributing to web spam. TrustRank, Anti-TrustRank, Spam Mass, and Link Farm Spam are well-known web spam filtering algorithms in the research literature. The output of these algorithms depends upon the input seed. Thus, refinement in the input seed may lead to improvement in the quality of web spam filtering. In this paper, we propose seed refinement techniques for the four well-known spam filtering algorithms. Then, we modify algorithms, which we call modified spam filtering algorithms, by applying these techniques to the original ones. In addition, we propose a strategy to achieve better quality for web spam filtering. In this strategy, we consider the possibility that the modified algorithms may support one another if placed in appropriate succession. In the experiments we show the effect of seed refinement. For this goal, we first show that our modified algorithms outperform the respective original algorithms in terms of the quality of web spam filtering. Then, we show that the best succession significantly outperforms the best known original and the best modified algorithms by up to 1.38 times within typical value ranges of parameters in terms of recall while preserving precision.

Template-free Hydrothermal Synthesis of High Phase Purity Mordenite Zeolite Particles Using Natural Zeolite Seed for Zeolite Membrane Preparation (제올라이트 분리막 제조를 위한 유기주형 없는 고순도 모데나이트 제올라이트 입자 수열합성에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Du-Hyoung;Alam, Syed Fakhar;Lee, Hye-Rheon;Sharma, Pankaj;Cho, Churl-Hee;Han, Moon-Hee
    • Membrane Journal
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    • v.26 no.5
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    • pp.381-390
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    • 2016
  • In this study, the natural mordenite (MOR) zeolite seeds were used for the synthesis of high purity mordenite crystals. The effect of seed concentration and crystallization time on the phase purity and surface morphology of MOR crystals has also been reported. The diffraction, elemental and scanning analysis of MOR zeolite particles obtained from 100 g hydrothermal solution batch containing 3 g natural seed, hydrothermally treated at $140^{\circ}C$ for 72 h reveal the high phase-purity of as-synthesized sample having crystals of uniform size ($1-2{\mu}m$). Moreover, high seed concentration leads to the production of mesoporous MOR particles composed of needle shape primary nano crystallites. The gases adsorption performances of as-synthesized MOR particle were carried out at $25^{\circ}C$ and 0-1 bar. Surprisingly, MOR particles show good adsorption potential for $CO_2$ (97.19 mg/g) compared to other gases. Thus it confirms that high purity MOR particles can be synthesized without using any organic template which gives an advantage of separation performance at lower price.

Characterization of Phenotypic Traits and Application of Fruit Flesh Color Marker in Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Accessions (멜론 유전자원의 생육 평가와 과육색 유전형 분석)

  • Bae, Ik Hyun;Kang, Han Sol;Jeong, Woo Jin;Ryu, Jae Hwang;Lee, Oh Hum;Chung, Hee
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.34 no.5
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    • pp.478-490
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    • 2021
  • We aimed to generate basic breeding data for melon (Cucumis melo L.). A total of 219 melon accessions conserved at the National Agrobiodiversity Center (NAC) in Rural Development Administration (RDA) were used in this study, of which 72 (33%) were collected from India. The majority of accessions showed orange (42%) and white (36%) flesh color. In addition to phenotypic evaluations, the accessions were genotyped using a molecular marker for the carotenoid biosynthesis gene CmOr. DNA fragments of the expected size were amplified in 205 out of 219 accessions. Digestion of the PCR products with HinfI restriction endonuclease showed 100% concordance between phenotype and genotype in green-fleshed accessions, but 98%, 97%, and 80% concordance in orange-, white-, and creamy-fleshed accessions, respectively. Sequence analysis revealed single nucleotide changes in the three positions of SNP1, SNP2 and SNP1int in the CmOr gene among accessions. These newly found alleles suggest that there are multiple mechanisms in determining fruit flesh color in melon. Also, the phenotype data of diverse accessions obtained in this study will be a valuable source for melon breeding.