• Title/Summary/Keyword: 시간 관리 서비스

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A Cost-Efficient Job Scheduling Algorithm in Cloud Resource Broker with Scalable VM Allocation Scheme (클라우드 자원 브로커에서 확장성 있는 가상 머신 할당 기법을 이용한 비용 적응형 작업 스케쥴링 알고리즘)

  • Ren, Ye;Kim, Seong-Hwan;Kang, Dong-Ki;Kim, Byung-Sang;Youn, Chan-Hyun
    • KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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    • v.1 no.3
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    • pp.137-148
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    • 2012
  • Cloud service users request dedicated virtual computing resource from the cloud service provider to process jobs in independent environment from other users. To optimize this process with automated method, in this paper we proposed a framework for workflow scheduling in the cloud environment, in which the core component is the middleware called broker mediating the interaction between users and cloud service providers. To process jobs in on-demand and virtualized resources from cloud service providers, many papers propose scheduling algorithms that allocate jobs to virtual machines which are dedicated to one machine one job. With this method, the isolation of being processed jobs is guaranteed, but we can't use each resource to its fullest computing capacity with high efficiency in resource utilization. This paper therefore proposed a cost-efficient job scheduling algorithm which maximizes the utilization of managed resources with increasing the degree of multiprogramming to reduce the number of needed virtual machines; consequently we can save the cost for processing requests. We also consider the performance degradation in proposed scheme with thrashing and context switching. By evaluating the experimental results, we have shown that the proposed scheme has better cost-performance feature compared to an existing scheme.

Designing the Optimal Urban Distribution Network using GIS : Case of Milk Industry in Ulaanbaatar Mongolia (GIS를 이용한 최적 도심 유통 네트워크 설계 : 몽골 울란바타르 내 우유 산업 사례)

  • Enkhtuya, Daariimaa;Shin, KwangSup
    • The Journal of Bigdata
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.159-173
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    • 2019
  • Last-Mile delivery optimization plays a key role in the urban supply chain operation, which is the most expensive and time-consuming and most complicated part of the whole delivery process. The urban consolidation center (UCC) is regarded as a significant asset for supporting customer demand in the last-mile delivery service. It is the key benefit of UCC to improve the load balance of vehicles and to reduce the total traveling distance by finding the better route with the well-organized multi-leg vehicle journey in the urban area. This paper presents the model using multiple scenario analysis integrated with mathematical optimization techniques using Geographic Information System (GIS). The model aims to find the best solution for the distribution network consisted of DC and UCC, which is applied to the case of Ulaanbaatar Mongolia. The proposed methodology integrates two sub-models, location-allocation model and vehicle routing problem. The multiple scenarios devised by selecting locations of UCC are compared considering the general performance and delivery patterns together. It has been adopted to make better decisions the quantitative metrics such as the economic value of capital cost, operating cost, and balance of using available resources. The result of this research may help the manager or public authorities who should design the distribution network for the last mile delivery service optimization using UCC within the urban area.

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Satisfaction and Preference of School Foodservice on Elementary School 4th, 5th and 6th Grade Students in Gunpo City (군포시 초등학교 고학년의 학교급식 만족도 및 기호도)

  • Yang, Sun-Ae;Jung, Eun-Hee;Rhie, Seung-Gyo
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Community Living Science Conference
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    • 2009.09a
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    • pp.78-78
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    • 2009
  • 학교급식에 대한 기호를 충족시키고, 식습관 개선을 위한 방안을 모색하여 급식의 효과를 증대시키기 위한 목적으로 본 연구를 실시하였다. 학교급식으로 제공되는 메뉴를 중심으로 음식의 맛을 잘 표현할 수 있는 4, 5, 6학년(남학생 273명, 여학생 209명)을 대상으로 급식 만족도와 기호도를 조사했다. 전반적인 급식만족도는 5점 척도로 3.20점을 보여 대체로 만족하였으며, 그 이유는 좋아하는 메뉴가 나와서(57%)가 가장 높은 빈도를 보였다. 급식에 바라는 점도 역시 맛있는 음식제공(44%)을 우선 원하는 것으로 나타났다. 불만족의 이유는 싫어하는 메뉴가 나와서(50%), 기다리는 시간이 길어서(23.9%), 청결하지 않아서(13.3%), 배식담당자가 불친절(12.2%)해서의 순이었다. 전반적인 급식만족은 성별에 따른 유의적 차이는 없었으며, 식단에 대한 만족도로서 새로운 메뉴 및 양, 환경 만족도로서 위생환경과 서비스 모두 3.0을 넘는 평균값을 보였다. 음식조리별 기호도를 보면, 밥류는 흰쌀밥(3.59)과 보리밥(3.63)이 기호도가 높았고, 일품요리는 스파게티(3.91)와 김치볶음밥(3.70)이 가장 높은 기호도를 보였으며, 오징어덮밥(2.95)이 가장 낮았다. 국류의 기호도는 어묵국(3.37), 수제비국(3.26)을 비교적 선호했으며, 북어국(2.56)을 가장 낮게 평가하였다. 찌개류는 부대찌개(3.61), 김치찌개(3.56)를 좋아했으며, 탕류는 육개장(3.85), 갈비탕(3.77)을 선호하였다. 볶음류 중에서는 떡볶이(4.05)와 소시지볶음(4.04)을 선호하였고, 잡채는 여학생이 남학생보다 더 좋아하였다. 조림류로 돈육메추리알조림(3.48)은 선호하지만, 생선조림(2.78), 콩조림(2.37)은 기호도가 낮았다. 튀김류는 대부분 높은 점수를 보였고(핫도그 3.80, 돈까스, 3.66), 무침류는 쫄면(3.43), 골뱅이무침(3.05), 찜류는 닭찜(3.61), 고추장갈비찜(3.54), 계란찜(3.51) 순으로 좋아하였으며, 전류는 계란말이(3.93), 김치전(3.57), 쌈류는 무쌈(3.36), 상추쌈(3.25)을 좋아하였다. 샐러드류는 감자샐러드(3.25), 과일떡샐러드(3.39)를 좋아하였고, 후식류는 여학생이 꿀떡(4.06), 메론(4.03)을 선호하였고, 방울토마토(3.44)는 가장 낮은 기호도를 보였다. 대체로 성별 차이는 보이지 않았으나, 육류 및 육가공품에 대한 기호가 높은 반면, 채소류나 어패류의 기호도는 낮으므로 이들을 이용한 다양한 조리법과 새로운 메뉴 개발에 대해 연구할 필요가 있다. 또한 기호도가 낮아도 영양적으로 우수한 음식은 식단에 사용하되 영양교육을 통하여 섭취를 권장하는 방안도 필요하다. 학교급식에 대한 불만족요인을 해소하기 위해서는 메뉴 개선 외에 기다리는 시간을 줄이고, 청결한 위생관리와 친절한 태도 등을 위한 노력이 필요할 것이다.

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Lane Change Behavior of Manual Vehicles in Automated Vehicle Platooning Environments (군집주행 환경에서 비자율차의 차로변경행태 분석)

  • LEE, Seol Young;OH, Cheol
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.35 no.4
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    • pp.332-347
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    • 2017
  • Analysis of the interaction between the automated vehicles and manual vehicles is very important in analyzing the performance of automated cooperative driving environments. In particular, the automated vehicle platooning can affect the driving behavior of adjacent manual vehicles. The purpose of this study is to analyze the lane change behavior of the manual vehicles in automated vehicle platonning environment and to conduct the experiment and questionnaire surveys in three stages. In the first stage, a video questionnaire survey was conducted, and responsive behaviors of manual vehicles were investigated. In second stage, the driving simulator experiments were conducted to investigate the lane change behaviors of in automated vehicle platonning environments. To analyze the lane change behavior of the manual vehicles, lane change durations and acceleration noise, which are indicators of traffic flow stability, were used. The driving behavior of manual vehicles were compared across different market penetration rates (MPR) of automated vehicles and human factors. Lastly, NASA-TLX (NASA Task Load Index) was used to evaluate the workload of the manual vehicle drivers. As a result of the analysis, it was identified that manual vehicle drivers had psychological burdens while driving in automated vehicle platonning environments. Lane change durations were longer when the MPR of the automated vehicles increased, and acceleration noise were increased in the case of 30-40 years old or female drivers. The results from this study can be used as a fundamental for more realistic traffic simulations reflecting the interaction between the automated vehicles and manual vehicles. It is also expected to effectively support the establishment of valuable transportation management strategy in automated vehicle environments.

A New Optical Access Network Structure for the convergence of Broadcast and Communication (방송통신 통합을 위한 새로운 광가입자망 구조에 관한 연구)

  • Hur Jung;Koo Bon-Jeong;Hyun Jae-Myoung;Park Youngil
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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    • 2004.11a
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    • pp.17-20
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    • 2004
  • 가정 내에 방송과 총신을 통합하여 제공하기 위한 방법으로서 수동광가입자망(Passive Optical Network)이 제안되고 있다 이를 구현하기 위해 여러 방식들이 연구되고 있는데 크게는 방송과 통신에 각기 다른 파장을 이용하는 방식과, 이들을 시간 다중화 하여 한 개의 과장으로 송신하는 방식으로 나눌 수 있다. 또한 동신에 이용하는 과장의 경우 각 가입자에게 다른 파장을 적용하는 WPON 방식과 모든 가입자에게 한 개의 파장만을 이용하되 시간영역에서 다중화하고 이터넷 프로토콜을 적용하는 EPON 방식으로 구분할 수 있다. WPON의 경우 EPON에 비해 수월하게 광대역 서비스를 할 수 있는 장점이 있으나, 각 가입자 과장의 제어 및 관리가 복잡하며, 고비용을 요구한다. 반면 EPON의 경우 채널의 효율성은 극대화할 수 있으나, 동시 이용자가 많을 경우 전송 속도가 하락한다. 한편, 방송과 통신을 통합한 채널의 특성을 살펴보면 가입자 방향으로의 하향 신호의 양이 중양국 방향으로의 상향 신호의 양에 비해 훨씬 많은 비대칭 구조이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이러한 채널 특성에 맞도록 하향 전송에는 WPON의 구조를 이용하고, 상향 전송에는 EPON의 구조를 적용하는 새로운 구조의 광가입자망을 제안하였다. 제안된 구조에 적합한 MPCP (Multi-Point Control Protocol) 프로토콜을 제시하고, 가입자 장치의 여러 종속 신호를 다중화하고 전송할 수 있는 ONU (Optical Network Unit)의 구조를 제안하였다. 또한 이러한 구조를 갖는 W-EPON 테스트베드를 구현하고 전송 시험을 통해 제시된 구조의 적합성을 측정한 결과를 보인다.4 Textual format) 파일을 생성한다. 또한, 콘텐츠 전송 및 저장의 효율성을 위해 이진 포멧인 IPMP화된 MP4 파일을 생성할 수 있다.으로써, 에러 이미지가 가지고 있는 엔트로피에 좀 근접하게 코딩을 할 수 있게 되었다. 이 방법은 실제로 Arithmetic Coder를 이용하는 다른 압축 방법에 그리고 적용할 수 있다. 실험 결과 압축효율은 JPEG-LS보다 약 $5\%$의 압축 성능 개선이 있었으며, CALIC과는 대등한 압축률을 보이며, 부호화/복호화 속도는 CALIC보다 우수한 것으로 나타났다.우 $23.87\%$($18.00\~30.91\%$), 갑폭 $23.99\%$($17.82\~30.48\%$), 체중 $91.51\%$($58.86\~129.14\%$)이였으며 성장율은 사육 온도구간별 차는 없었다.20 km 까지의 지점들(지점 2에서 지점 6)에서 매우 높은 값을 보이며 이는 조석작용으로 해수와 담수가 강제혼합되면서 표층퇴적물이 재부유하기 때문이라고 판단된다. 영양염류는 월별로 다소의 차이는 있으나, 대체적으로 지점 1과 2에서 가장 낮고, 상류로 갈수록 점차 증가하며 지점 7 상류역이 하류역에 비해 높은 농도이다. 월별로는 7월에 규산염, 용존무기태질소 및 암모니아의 농도가 가장 높은 반면에 용존산소포화도는 가장 낮다. 그러나 지점 14 상류역에서는 5월에 측정한 용존무기태질소, 암모니아, 인산염 및 COD 값이 7월보다 다소 높거나 비슷하다. 한편 영양염류와 COD값은 대체적으로 8월에 가장 낮으나

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Productivity Changes by Public Transport Reforms in the Seoul's Urban Bus Industry (Using Data Envelopment Analysis with Consideration of Accident Costs) (서울의 대중교통체계 개편에 따른 시내버스업체의 생산성 변화 (사고비용을 고려한 자료포락분석기법을 이용하여))

  • Oh, Mi-Young;Kim, Sung-Soo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.77-86
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    • 2008
  • Firstly, this study is to compare two types of productivity changes in Seoul's urban bus industry by public transport reforms: one with considering accident costs (ML), the other without considering accident costs (M). The directional distance function (DDF), which is a form of data envelopment analysis, and the Malmquist (Luenberger) productivity index (ML, M) are used for the analysis. The results show that productivity increased regardless of accident costs over time, and the ML index is a little higher than the M index, which means that most firms experienced more of a reduction ratio of accident costs than a reduction ratio of inputs. Secondly, this paper is to analyze how reforms affect productivity changes. The results show that operational speed improvements or passenger increases most affect productivity increases, which means that the installment of median bus lanes or introduction of free transfers among public transport modes were effective in reducing both inputs and accident costs. However, operational system reforms including mid-public management were related with productivity changes but they were not as effective.

Convergent Factors Related to Depression of Wage Workers in Korea: Focusing on Gender Differences (한국 임금근로자의 우울과 관련된 융복합적 요인: 성별 차이를 중심으로)

  • Kwon, Young-Sook
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.38 no.4
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    • pp.1029-1044
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    • 2021
  • This research was conducted to investigate the prevalence of depression and convergent factors related to depression in male and female wage workers. Using data from the 2014 and 2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 3,763 adults (1,888 males, 1,875 females) between the ages of 19 and under 65 were analyzed. Depression was measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the depression (PHQ-9≥10) of all workers was 4.1% (3.2% for men, 5.0% for women). Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the depressive factors of male and female wage workers. In male workers, work-related characteristics such as employment type and working hours per week were found to be significantly related to depression even after adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics, health-related characteristics, and life style characteristics. However, in female workers, work-related characteristics did not expose a significant relationship, showing a difference from male workers. Therefore it is necessary to develop and implement workplace counselling or mental health promotion programs that take into account the gender characteristics of depression risk factors. Also, as health-related characteristics (diagnosis of depression, suicide plan, perceived stress level, unmet medical services, self-rated health status) were found to be related to depression for both male and female workers, continuous management of these factors is required.

A Blockchain Network Construction Tool and its Electronic Voting Application Case (블록체인 자동화도구 개발과 전자투표 적용사례)

  • AING TECKCHUN;KONG VUNGSOVANREACH;Okki Kim;Kyung-Hee Lee;Wan-Sup Cho
    • The Journal of Bigdata
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.151-159
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    • 2021
  • Construction of a blockchain network needs a cumbersome and time consuming activity. To overcome these limitations, global IT companies such as Microsoft are providing cloud-based blockchain services. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based construction and management tool that enables blockchain developers, blockchain operators, and enterprises to deploy blockchain more comfortably in their infrastructure. This tool is implemented using Hyperledger Fabric, one of the famous private blockchain platforms, and Ansible, an open-source IT automation engine that supports network-wide deployment. Instead of complex and repetitive text commands, the tool provides a user-friendly web dashboard interface that allows users to seamlessly set up, deploy and interact with a blockchain network. With this proposed solution, blockchain developers, operators, and blockchain researchers can more easily build blockchain infrastructure, saving time and cost. To verify the usefulness and convenience of the proposed tool, a blockchain network that conducts electronic voting was built and tested. The construction of a blockchain network, which consists of writing more than 10 setting files and executing commands over hundreds of lines, can be replaced with simple input and click operations in the graphical user interface, saving user convenience and time. The proposed blockchain tool will be used to build trust data infrastructure in various fields such as food safety supply chain construction in the future.

A Study on logistics Performance Index andSupply Chain Tracking Data during the Covid-19 Pandemic (Covid-19 팬데믹시기 물류성과지수와 공급망 추적 데이터에 대한 고찰)

  • Ahn, TaeKun
    • Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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    • v.39 no.3
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    • pp.191-210
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    • 2023
  • The Covid-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on global logistics and supply chains, leading to major discrepancies in logistics performance across countries worldwide. Through an examination of logistics performance index and supply chain tracking data, this study aimed to identify the changes in global supply chains and logistics environments during the pandemic. The analysis of the logistics performance index showed that overall, countries around the world, especially developed nations, showed improvements in metrics such as customs and border management efficiency, the quality of trade and transport infrastructure, capability and quality of logistics services, and cargo tracking abilities. However, the competitive pricing feasibility of international transportation and the on-time delivery frequency of goods saw a decline due to the pandemic's effects. The supply chain tracking data revealed that ports in Asian countries demonstrated high processing efficiency. In contrast, the U.S. and European countries took comparatively more time. Particularly for air cargo, parcels, and express shipments, the U.S. showed relatively longer processing times, leading to logistical delays. In conclusion, during the Covid-19 pandemic, Asian countries maintained relatively high efficiency in their logistics and trade environments. Conversely, the U.S. and some European countries showed delays and decreased efficiency in various metrics. In the future, efforts should be made to address delays and congestion, namely, the deceleration of logistics processes.

A Study on the Linkage Method between Emergency Simulation Model and Other Models (비상대비 시뮬레이션 모델의 타 모델 연동방안 연구)

  • Bang, Sang-Ho;Lee, Seung-Lyong
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.20 no.11
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    • pp.301-313
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    • 2020
  • This study is a study on the interlocking method between emergency preparedness simulation model and military exercise war game model. The national emergency preparedness government exercises are being carried out by a message exercise and technology development for simulation models is being carried out to create a situation similar to the actual practice. In order to create a situation similar to the actual war, the military situation must be reflected and to do so, a link with the military exercise war game model is needed. The military exercise war game model applies HLA/RTI, which is a standardized interlocking method for various models such as Taegeuk JOS, and it is necessary to apply HLA/RTI linkage method to link with these military exercise war game models. In addition, since the emergency preparedness simulation model requires limited information such as enemy location and enemy attack situation on major facilities in the military exercise model, a method of interlocking that can select and link information is required. Therefore, in this study, the interlocking interface design plan is presented in order to selectively link the interlocking method and information between the emergency preparedness simulation model and the military exercise war game model. The main functions of interlocking interface include federation synchronization, storage and recovery, object management service, time management, and data filtering functions.