• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.47-63
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• 2021

Variability is one of the major characteristics of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), and it is used for understanding the energy generation mechanism in the center of AGN and/or related physical phenomena. It it known that there exists a time lag between AGN light curves simultaneously observed at different wavelengths, which can be used as a tool to estimate the size of the area that produce the radiation. In this paper, We present long term near-infrared variability of optically bright type 1 AGN using the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer data. From the Milliquas catalogue v6.4, 73 type 1 QSOs/AGN and 140 quasar candidates are selected that are brighter than 18 mag in optical and located within 5 degree around the ecliptic poles. Light curves in the W1 band (3.4 ㎛) and W2 band (4.6 ㎛) during the period of 2010-2019 were constructed for these objects by extracting multi-epoch photometry data from WISE and NEOWISE all sky survey database. Variability was analyzed based on the excess variance and the probability P_var. Applying both criteria, the numbers of variable objects are 19 (i.e., 26%) for confirmed AGN and 12 (i.e., 9%) for AGN candidates. The characteristic time scale of the variability (τ) and the variability amplitude (σ) were derived by fitting the DRW model to W1 and W2 light curves. No significant correlation is found between the W1/W2 magnitude and the derived variability parameters. Based on the subsample that are identified in the X-ray source catalog, there exists little correlation between the X-ray luminosity and the variability parameters. We also found four AGN with changing W1-W2 color.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.19-25
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• 2009

In this thesis, design effective elimination interference algorithm of ICS repeat system for repeater that improve frequency efficiency. Error convergence speed and accuracy of LMS Algorithm are influenced by reference signal. For improve LMS Algorithm, suggest Adaptive channel estimate algorithm. For using channel characteristic, adaptive channel estimate algorithm make reference signal similar interference signal by convolution operation and complement LMS algorithm demerit. For make channel similar piratical channel, apply Jake's Rayleigh multi-path model that random five path with 130Hz Doppler frequency. LMS algorithm and suggested adaptive channel estimate algorithm that have 16 taps apply to ICS repeat system under Rayleigh multi-path channel, so simulate with MATLAB. According to simulate, ICS repeat system with LMS algorithm show -40dB square error convergent after 150 datas iteration and ICS repeat system with adaptive channel estimate algorithm show -80dB square error convergent after 200 datas iteration. Analyze simulation result, suggested adaptive channel estimate algorithm show more three times iteration performance than LMS algorithm, and 40dB accuracy.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.458-467
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• 2010

In this paper, a new audio reproduction system was developed in which the cross-talk signals would be reasonably cancelled at an arbitrary listener position. To adaptively remove the cross-talk signals according to the listener's position, a method of tracking the listener position was employed. This was achieved using the two microphones, where the listener direction was estimated using the time-delay between the two signals from the two microphones, respectively. Moreover, room reverberation effects were taken into consideration where linear prediction analysis was involved. To remove the cross-talk signals at the left-and right-ears, the paths between the sources and the ears were represented using the KEMAR head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) which were measured from the artificial dummy head. To evaluate the usefulness of the proposed listener tracking system, the performance of cross-talk cancellation was evaluated at the estimated listener positions. The performance was evaluated in terms of the channel separation ration (CSR), a -10 dB of CSR was experimentally achieved although the listener positions were more or less deviated. A real-time system was implemented using a floating-point digital signal processor (DSP). It was confirmed that the average errors of the listener direction was 5 degree and the subjects indicated that 80 % of the stimuli was perceived as the correct directions.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.1B
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• pp.29-40
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• 2004

In this paper, we propose a new early congestion detection and notification technique called QR-AQM. Unlike RED and it's variation, QR-AQM measures the total traffic rate from TCP sessions, predicts future network congestion, and determine the packet marking probability based on the measured traffic rate. By incorporating the traffic rate in the decision process of the packet marking probability, QR-AQM is capable of foreseeing future network congestion as well as terminating congestion resolution procedure in much more timely fashion than RED. As a result, simulation results show that QR-AQM maintains the buffer level within a fairly narrow range around a target buffer level that may be selected arbitrarily as a control parameter. Consequently, compared to RED and its variations, QR-AQM is expected to significantly reduce the jitter and delay variance of packets traveling through the buffer while achieving nearly identical link utilization.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.655-662
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• 2016

Accurate stopping control is important for trains, especially now that many train stations are equipped with platform screen doors. Various algorithms have been proposed for accurate stopping control. However, most metro trains in South Korea use classic control algorithms such as PID control because other algorithms are too complex to realize. PID control has merits of simple structure and operation. However, PID control sometimes fails, and much time is needed to find the proper coefficients due to the long control period and the brake delay. We propose a control algorithm that uses a Kalman filter. The Kalman filter estimates the states at the time when braking starts. Then, a suitable control input is derived for proper control. System modeling and a computer simulation were performed with consideration of the brake properties and the period of the control system. The superiority of the proposed control algorithm is shown by analyzing stop errors.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.280-289
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• 1997

The measure of motor speed using encoder is difficult to detect accurate speed and direction in very low speed because the intervals between an encoder pulse and pulse are long. So various speed estimation techniques were proposed to have the good dynamic performance in low speed. And direction detection is so important as speed measurement in very low speed. But because the conventional direction detection circuit check the direction only 1 time in 1 period of each encoder pulses, so it has long delayed detection time in very low speed, thus accurate detection of direction is difficult. In this paper, we propose a 2 way edge detection method which can detect at the rising and filling edge of each encoder pulses. So it can check the direction 4 times in 1 period of each encoder pulses. Therefore if we use proposed method, we can reduce the detection time as 1/4 than that of conventional circuit and can detect more accurate speed and direction. And computer simulation and experiment is performed to verify the perfomance and effect of proposed circuit and we analyze it's results by comparing with that of conventional circuit.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.125-125
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• 2012

최근 심화되고 있는 강우의 시간적 지역적 불균형이 기후변화와 높은 연관성이 있다는 연구결과가 발표되고 있다. 강우에 직접적인 영향을 받는 수자원분야에서는 강우의 변동성을 예측한 결과를 바탕으로 기후변화 영향에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행 하고 있다. 우리나라의 연중 강수량의 대부분이 홍수기에 집중되어 수자원의 총량의 27%만 사용하고 있다. 전체 수자원이용량 중 절반 이상을 댐을 통해 이용하고 있기 때문에 댐 운영방법에 지속적인 연구가 필요하다. 기후변화영향으로 댐 유입량에 대한 불확실성이 커지므로 장기적인 수자원을 관리를 위하여 효율적인 댐 운영을 하기 위한 해결책이 필요하다. 물리적 강우-유출 모형으로 기후변화 영향을 받는 장기간 모의를 하게 되면 입력 자료와 매개변수, 모형구조의 불확실성 갖게 된다. 그에 반해 데이터를 통해 모형의 매개변수 값을 추정하여, 향후의 의사결정에 활용할 수 있는 모형을 구축하는 추계학적 모형과 인공신경망모형은, 물리적인 강우-유출 모형과 비교하여 모의에 드는 시간이 적고 모형 불확실성 파악이 가능하며, 장기간 모의 시 불확실성을 줄이는 효율적인 대안이 될 수 있다. 일반적인 추계학적 모형은 과거의 유입량 자료만 사용하지만 본 연구에서는 기후변화 시나리오 강우량의 영향을 함께 고려한 Transfer Function Noise(TFN)모형을 통하여 장기간 모의를 하였다. 본 연구의 대상 댐으로는 한강유역 중 댐 상류유역면적이 제일 넓은 충주댐으로 선정하였다. 과거의 유입량과 강우량 자료를 사용하여 통계적 방법을 통하여 TFN모형을 구축하고, TFN과 같은 변수를 사용하여 인공신경망모형을 구축하였다. 5개의 시나리오별로 어떠한 차이를 갖는지를 비교하였고, TFN모형과 인공신경망에 따라서 어떠한 양상을 갖는지 비교하였다.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.53-58
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• 2021

In this paper, an alternative finite memory structure(FMS) smoothing filter is developed for discrete-time state-space model with a control input. To obtain the FMS smoothing filter, unbiasedness will be required beforehand in addition to a performance criteria of minimum variance. The FMS smoothing filter is obtained by directly solving an optimization problem with the unbiasedness constraint using only finite measurements and inputs on the most recent window. The proposed FMS smoothing filter is shown to have intrinsic good properties such as deadbeat and time-invariance. In addition, the proposed FMS smoothing filter is shown to be equivalent to existing FMS filters according to the delay length between the measurement and the availability of its estimate. Finally, to verify intrinsic robustness of the proposed FMS smoothing filter, computer simulations are performed for a temporary model uncertainty. Simulation results show that the proposed FMS smoothing filter can be better than the standard FMS filter and Kalman filter.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.54 no.spc1
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• pp.1131-1141
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• 2021

In this study, the artificial neural network model is applied for real-time dam inflow prediction and then evaluated for the prediction lead times (1, 3, 6 hr) in dam basins in Korea. For the training and testing the model, hourly precipitation and inflow are used as input data according to average annual inflow. The results show that the model performance for up to 6 hour is acceptable because the NSE is 0.57 to 0.79 or higher. Totally, the predictive performance of the model in dry seasons is weaker than the performance in wet seasons, and this difference in performance increases in the larger basin. For the 6 hour prediction lead time, the model performance changes as the sequence length increases. These changes are significant for the dry season with increasing sequence length compared to the wet season. Also, with increasing the sequence length, the prediction performance of the model improved during the dry season. Comparison of observed and predicted hydrographs for flood events showed that although the shape of the prediction hydrograph is similar to the observed hydrograph, the peak flow tends to be underestimated and the peak time is delayed depending on the prediction lead time.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.193-200
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• 2022

In this study, the finite-failure NHPP software reliability model was applied to the software development model based on the Weibull lifetime distribution (Goel-Okumoto, Rayleigh, Type-2 Gumbe), which is widely used in the software reliability field, and then the cost attributes were compared and evaluated. For this study, failure time data detected during normal operation of the software system were collected and used, the most-likelihood estimation (MLE) method was applied to the parameter estimation of the proposed model, and the calculation of the nonlinear equation was solved using the binary method. As a result, first, in the software development model, when the cost of testing per unit time and the cost of removing a single defect increased, the cost increased but the release time did not change, and when the cost of repairing failures detected during normal system operation increased, the cost increased and the release time was also delayed. Second, as a result of comprehensive comparative analysis of the proposed models, it was found that the Type-2 Gumble model was the most efficient model because the development cost was lower and the release time point was relatively faster than the Rayleigh model and the Goel-Okumoto basic model. Third, through this study, the development cost properties of the Weibull distribution model were newly evaluated, and the analyzed data is expected to be utilized as design data that enables software developers to explore the attributes of development cost and release time.