• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.426-431
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• 2013

With the objective of developing a functional food source, we established optimal processing conditions for the larvae of Allomyrina dichotoma, which have been used in traditional medicine to treat hepatic disorders in Korea. Without suitable processing, the larvae are difficult to consume as a food because of their disgusting taste and smell; moreover, in this form they might be a potential microbial hazard. In this study, we investigated the effect of feeding material, sterilization, and powdering after freeze-drying on the food quality of the larvae of A. dichotoma and on cytotoxicity against Raw 264.7 cells. Three to five days feeding with the sawdust from discarded oak-trees is sufficient for the breeding process. The sawdust was sterilized by vapor for five minutes. Sterilization of the larvae at a high temperature ($115^{\circ}C$ for 5 min, 0.9 $kgf/cm^2$) is necessary to eliminate pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The results of the cytotoxicity assay showed no toxicity in the prepared extract from larvae of A. dichotoma. In addition, to prepare the larvae for human consumption, various feeds were used and the smell, color, and taste were evaluated. Our results suggested that larvae of A. dichotoma could be developed as food source when a suitable processing method is established.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.489-493
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was to investigate peripheral vision and provide people with macular degeneration with a guideline for eccentric viewing training. Methods: 30 adult subjects with normal vision took part in this study. The lateral area of $20^{\circ}$ eccentricity from the fovea of right eye was only used to measure the physiological summation. The target was sinusoidal vertical gratings within a circular aperture. The critical points in spatial and temporal summation was found to compare each other for 0.7 cpd and 3.0 cpd, respectively. Results: Critical duration and contrast sensitivity for 0.7 cpd were 540 ms and 1.1, and 315 ms and 0.98 for 3.0 cpd respectively. The critical degrees and contrast sensitivity for 0.7 cpd were $11.3^{\circ}$ and 2.8, and $5^{\circ}$ and 2.63 for 3.0 cpd respectively. Conclusions: The critical point in peripheral vision reaches relatively faster than the one in central vision. It is recommended to train the peripheral retina under the lower spatial frequency more frequently for a short time than constantly for a long time.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.477-486
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• 2020

This study was undertaken to analyze the correlation between depression and memory, by considering the occurrence of ApoE ɛ4 and clinical dementia rating in the elderly with Alzheimer's dementia. This study included 50 participants over 65 years of age, evaluated with CDR 0.5 to 2. We performed CDR, SVLT-E, RCFT, SGDS-K, and ApoE genotyping. Spearman's correlation analysis was used for determining the correlation between depression and memory. The results indicate a significant negative correlation between depression and immediate recall verbal memory in the CDR 1 and 2 without ApoE ɛ4 carrier group (p<0.05). Furthermore, a significant negative correlation was also determined between depression and delayed recall verbal memory in the CDR 1 of the same group. Ed. Notes: The previous sentence already shows this correlation. I suggest this should be deleted from this statement. However, no significant correlation was observed between depression and visual memory. This study found a significant correlation between depression and immediate recall verbal memory. Also, the presence of ApoE ɛ4 indicates a significant correlation between depression and delayed verbal recall memory. Taken together, our results indicate that verbal memory training rather than visual memory training can be more effective in early AD. Also, the treatment of depression will provide a complementary effect.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.484-489
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• 1992

The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary coenzyme $Q_{10}$ and vitamin E on hepatic lipid metabolism changes in adriamy cin(ADR)-treated rats. ADR treatment significantly increased the plasma levels of lipid peroxide in rats. But this increase was reduced by dietary supplementation of coenzyme $Q_{10}$ or vitamin E. Catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities were not greatly changed by ADR treatment, but the activities were significantly increased by dietary coenzyme $Q_{10}$. There was a tendency of lower superoxide dismutase activity in ADR-treated rats. However, coenzyme $Q_{10}$ administration induced this enzyme activity. The contents of cholesterol and phospholipid in liver were elevated by ADR-treated. Dietary coenzyme $Q_{10}$ reduced the increased hepatic cholesterol content in ADR-treated rat.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.42 no.5 s.305
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• pp.19-28
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• 2005

Real surround viewing conditions in watching the color display devices such as TV and PC monitor are quite different from the standard viewing conditions. Human visual system is adapted chromatically under the different viewing conditions in luminance levels and chromaticity of illuminants. Accordingly, the reproduced colors of the same chromaticity will appear as quite different color. Therefore, it is necessary that the displayed colors are reproduced to be appeared as the original colors in the standard viewing conditions. In this paper, we propose a chromatic adaptation model for the variations of the surround illuminants' chromaticity under the same luminance conditions. In proposed chromatic adaptation model, we calculate each gain of L, M, and S as nonlinear functions according to the chromaticity of the surround illuminants. And the optimal coefficients are obtained from the corresponding colors data of the Breneman's experiments. The proposed chromatic adaptation model is compared with the conventional chromatic adaptation models. In the experimental results, the proposed model has very good performance in the whole range of luminance levels. We also experimentally confirmed that the reproduced corresponding colors using the proposed chromatic adaptation are appeared as the original colors when the real surround viewing conditions are different from the standard viewing conditions.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.470-483
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• 2003

This study analyzed the evolutionary content in 13 textbooks developed from the first to the 6th high school biology curriculum, The content analysis of textbooks, which were delineated nine component, was performed on the 80 evolutionary categories, According to the result, the proportion of the total evolutionary content in textbook increased from the textbooks developed by the Ist curriculum to the textbooks developed by the 6th curriculum, but the proportion of 'main narrative' in total evolutionary content was gradually decreased. It also showed that biology curriculum and points of view of textbook writers influenced on the proportion of evolutionary contents. On the whole, the topics of analysed textbooks exhibit insufficient diversity, Any categories- 'group selection', 'gene selection', 'gaps in fossil record', 'co-evolution', 'punctuated equilibrium', 'mosaic evolution', 'place of labor in human evolution', 'human race differentiation', 'criticism of "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny", and 'human activities affecting evolution' - were not treated and others - 'theory of neutralism', 'theories of major episodes(excepting extinctions) found in the geologic time scale', 'sympatric speciation', 'clinal and area-effect speciation', 'polyploidy and evolution', 'gradualism' and 'evolution and origin of mammals' - were treated very lightly, the most emphasized topic was 'phylogeny in general' and 'formation of precells', 'miscellaneous' in the order of emphasis. 'Theory of natural selection' was lightly treated as just one of evolutionary theory though it should be emphasized as major theme of evolution. Also, the law of recapitulation, of which biologists doubt the validity, was discussed as an evidence of evolution in some textbooks. And the agents of genetic equilibrium disruption like genetic drift and migration were treated as of little importance. On the basis of above result, it was suggested that the textbook writers introduced the more meaningful evolutionary topics focused the theory of natural selection in explanation of evolution and evolution theory.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.6 s.86
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• pp.783-790
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• 2007

G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) transmit various extracellular signals into the cells. Upon binding of the ligands, conformational changes in the extracellular and/or transmembrane (TM) domains of CPCRs were propagated into the cytoplasmic (CP) domain of the molecule leading to the activation of their cognate heterotrimeric C proteins and kinases. Constitutively active GPCR mutants causing the activation of C Protein signaling even in the absence of ligand binding are of interest for the study of activation mechanism of GPCRs. Two classes of constitutively active mutations, categorized by their effects on the salt bridge between Ell3 and K296, were found in the TM domain of rhodopsin. Opsin mutants containing combinations of the mutations were constructed to study the conformational changes required for the activation of rhodopsin. Rhodopsin chromophore regenerated with 11-cis-retinal showed a thermal stability inversely correlated with its constitutive activity. In contrast, rhodopsin mutants exhibited a binding affinity to an agonist, all-trans-retinal, in a constitutive activity-dependent manner. In order to test whether the conformational changes responsible for the activation of trans-ducin (Gt) are the same as the conformation required for the recognition of rhodopsin kinase, analysis of the mutants were carried out with phosphorylation by rhodopsin kinase. Rhodopsin mutants containing combinations of different classes of the mutations showed a strong synergistic effect on the phosphorylation of the mutants in the dark as similar to that of Gt activation. The results suggest that at least two or three kinds of segmental and independent conformational changes are required for the activation of rhodopsin and the conformational changes responsible for activating rhodopsin kinase and Gt are similar to each other.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.78-85
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• 2019

Membrane proteins are involved in many common diseases, including heart disease and cancer. In various disease states, such as cancer, abnormal signaling pathways that are related to the membrane proteins cause the cells to divide out of control and the expression of membrane proteins can be altered. Membrane proteins have the hydrophobic environment of a lipid bilayer, which makes an analysis of the membrane proteins notoriously difficult. Therefore, this study evaluated the efficacy of two different methods for optimal membrane protein extraction. High-speed centrifuge and reagent-based method with a -/+ filter aided sample preparation (FASP) were compared. As a result, the high-speed centrifuge method is quite effective in analyzing the mitochondrial inner membranes, while the reagent-based method is useful for endoplasmic reticulum membrane analysis. In addition, the function of the membrane proteins extracted from the two methods were analyzed using GeneGo software. GO processes showed that the endoplasmic reticulum-related responses had higher significance in the reagent-based method. An analysis of the process networks showed that one cluster in the high-speed centrifuge method and four clusters in the reagent-based method were visualized. In conclusion, the two methods are useful for the analysis of different subcellular membrane proteins, and are expected to assist in selecting the membrane protein extraction method by considering the target subcellular membrane proteins for study.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.10-15
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• 2020

Ultraviolet rays, which have wavelengths smaller than 400 nm, are very harmful to the eyes. Recently, high-energy visible light was also revealed to be harmful to retinal cells. Therefore, polymer eyeglass lenses that can block UV and high-energy visible light are needed for eye health. In this study, high-refractive-index polymer eyeglass lens, n=1.67, were manufactured using the injection-mold method with the m-xylene diisocyanate monomer, 2,3-bis((2-mercaptoethyl)thio)-1-propanethiol monomer, benzotriazole UV absorber, release of alkyl phosphoric ester, dye mixture of CI solvent violet 13, and catalyst of dibutyltin dichloride mixture. A multi-layer anti-reflection coating was applied to manufactured polymer eyeglass lenses for both sides using an E-beam evaporation system. The optical properties of the manufactured lenses with the UV and high-energy visible light-blocking function were analyzed by UV-visible spectrophotometry. As a result, the polymer eyeglass lens with a UV absorber of 0.5 wt. % blocked 99% of UV and high-energy visible light shorter than 411 nm. The average transmittance of the polymer eyeglass lens with a UV absorber of 0.5wt.% was 97.9% in the range of 460 ~ 660 nm for photopic eye sensitivity higher than 10%. Therefore, clear image acquisition in photopic vision is possible.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.321-328
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• 2022

The aim of this in-vitro study is to evaluate the effect of potassium iodide (KI) on erythrosine-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) against Streptococcus mutans biofilms. S. mutans ATCC 25175 was cultured to form a biofilm on a hydroxyapatite disk. After diluting erythrosine to 20 μM and KI to 10, 50, and 100 mM, respectively, PDT was performed. The number of surviving bacteria was calculated as colony forming units (CFU)/mL and the statistical significance of the difference between groups was confirmed by Bonferroni post-hoc analysis. Cell viability was visually evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). As a result of the experiment, a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in CFU was observed in the experimental groups in which PDT was performed after applying KI regardless of the concentration of KI. In addition, a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in CFU was observed in the experimental group to which 100 mM KI was applied compared to 10 mM KI. The same results were confirmed when observing CLSM. KI significantly improved the efficacy of erythrosine-mediated PDT on S. mutans biofilms at all concentrations. This may compensate for the low sensitivity of PDT to biofilm-state bacteria strains, but it is necessary to establish an optimal clinical protocol through further research.