• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.61-69
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• 2014

본고에서는 초다시점 디스플레이 기반 시각 피로에 대한 연구 동향 및 초다시점 디스플레이 의 최근 기술에 대해 기술한다. 초다시점 디스플레이는 1990년대 후반 일본에서 처음 제안한 이후 일본 및 한국에서 활발한 연구가 진행 중이다. 초다시점 디스플레이는 관찰자의 동공에 두 시점 이상의 영상을 제공하는 방식으로 기존의 다시점 디스플레이에 비해 보다 자연스러운 영상을 관찰자에게 제공하고자 하는 방식이다. 따라서 시점 영상 사이의 간격이 넓은 다시점 디스플레이와는 달리 시각피로를 경감시킬 수 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에, 최근 초다시점 디스플레이 기반 시각 피로에 대한 임상적 실험을 통해 이에 대한 실험적 근거를 살펴보고 연구 동향을 알아본다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.258-259
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• 2011

3DTV를 시청하는 경우 조절거리는 TV 화면까지의 거리에 해당하지만, 수렴거리는 좌 우 영상의 화면 시차에 따라 영상의 도출과 후퇴의 깊이가 변하게 되고 수렴거리와 조절거리에 불일치가 발생하게 된다. 3DTV의 입체영상을 시청할 때 발생하는 시각적 불편감은 이러한 수렴과 조절과정의 불일치가 가장 주된 원인으로 알려졌다. 본 연구에서는 입체영상의 시각적 자극으로 눈에서부터 시작된 시각피로감이 인체에 전해지는 단계, 즉 정보의 최종 통합기관인 뇌에 전달결과로서의 생체적 반응을 EEG 방법으로 측정하였다. 3DTV 시청 전 후의 뇌파측정과 뇌기능지수 분석에 의한 방법으로 실험한 결과 시각피로는 ${\delta}$, ${\theta}$, ${\alpha}$, SMR, ${\beta}$Low, ${\beta}$High 파 등 여러 종류의 뇌파 밴드에 영향을 미치고 있었다.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.509-516
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• 2013

As the visual fatigue induced by 3D visual stimulation has raised some safety concerns in the industry, this study aims to quantify the visual fatigue through the means of measuring the facial temperature changes. Facial temperature was measured for one minute before and after watching a visual stimulus. Whether the visual fatigue has occurred was measured through subjective evaluations and high cognitive tasks. The difference in the changes that occurred after watching a 2D stimulus and a 3D stimulus was computed in order to associate the facial temperature changes and the visual fatigue induced by watching 3D contents. The results showed significant differences in the subjective evaluations and in the high cognitive tasks. Also, the ERP latency increased after watching 3D stimuli. There were significant differences in the maximum value of the temperature at the forehead and at the tip of the nose. A previous study showed that 3D visual fatigue activates the sympathetic nervous system. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system is known to increase the heart rate as well as the blood flow into the face through the carotid arteries system. When watching 2D or 3D stimuli, the sympathetic nervous system activation dictates the blood flow, which then influences the facial temperature. This study is meaningful in that it is one of the first investigations that looks into the possibility to measure 3D visual fatigue with thermal images.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.18-26
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• 2018

This study aimed to examine whether there was difference on visual fatigue between active seniors and young people, and to provide a guideline for appropriate computer use time for seniors. Blinking rate, maximal blinking interval, temperature of the ocular surface, visual fatigue questionnare were evaluated. The blinking rate, ocular surface temperature, visual fatigue showed significant change before and after the tasks. There was no difference between the two groups and thus, about 30-minute computer work appeared to be appropriate for seniors.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.653-662
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• 2011

As technology in 3D industry has rapidly advanced, a lot of studies primarily focusing on visual function and cognition have become vigorous. However, studies on effect of 3D visual fatigue on autonomic nervous system have not less been conducted. Thus, this study was to identify and determine the effect that might have a negative influence on sympathetic nervous system, parasympathetic nervous system, and cardiovascular system. Fifteen undergraduates (female: 9, mean age: $22.53{\pm}2.55$) participated and were sat on a comfortable chair, viewing a 3D content during about 1 hour. Cardiac responses like SDNN(standard deviation of RR intervals), RMS-SD(root mean squared successive difference), and HF/LF ratios extracted from the measured PPG(Photo-PlethysmoGram) before viewing 3D were compared to those after viewing 3D. The results showed that after subjects watched the 3D, responses in sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system were activated and deactivated, respectively relative to those before watching the 3D. The results showed that HF/LF ratio, Ln(LF), and Ln(HF) after viewing 3D were significantly reduced relative to those before viewing 3D. No significant effects were observed in SDNN and RMS-SD. Results obtained in this study showed that visual fatigue induced by watching 3D adversely influenced autonomic nervous system, and thereby reduced heart rate variability causing sympathetic nervous acceleration.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.70-73
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• 2008

본 연구는 이미지의 장르의 차이가 사용자의 시각 피로도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구이다. 실험은 20명의 대학생을 대상으로 각각 다른 감성반응을 위해 선정된 다큐멘터리, 사랑, 뉴스 및 스포츠 장르의 이미지를 각각 10장씩을 보여주고, 그에 따른 시각 피로도를 자율신경계 반응 측정(PPG, GSR,SKT)과 동공 영상 기록(동공 변화율) 및 주관적 설문(불쾌도, 긴장도, 피로도)을 하였다. 유의성 검증을 위하여 이미지의 장르를 독립변수로 그에 따른 종속변수를 개인차가 고려된 생리신호 결과와 동공 변화율(픽셀/초) 및 주관적 설문 응답 결과로 하여 일변량 분산 분석을 하였다. 본 연구를 통해 이미지의 장르에 따라 불쾌, 긴장 및 피로 할 경우 자율 신경계 반응의 특정한 패턴을 발견 할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.531-536
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate eye fatigue and analyze symptoms of visual discomfort according to near work in young adults. A survey was conducted on 347 young adults aged 25.37 years (142 male and 205 female participants). The eye fatigue using Conlon questionnaire were surveyed and near work was investigated amounts of daily computer and smartphone. The score of eye fatigue was $13.65{\pm}7.11$ in less than 2 h/d, $16.83{\pm}6.77$ in 2~4 h/d, $18.88{\pm}6.60$ in 4~6 h/d, and $18.83{\pm}5.62$ in more than 6 hours(p=0.001). Also, headache(p<0.030), re-reading(p<0.036), and movement and fading(p<0.001) symptoms increased according to amounts of near work.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2012

This paper deals with the effects of seat position in the theater on viewers' visual fatigue, presence, and perceived characteristics. As a result of this study, there is a significantly positive effect of Dx(deviation from mean distance from the screen) and viewing angle on visual fatigue. Second, there is no significant effect of seat position on presence. Finally, there is a significantly negative effect of Dx and viewing angle on perceived characteristics. This means, as the author assume, the seat position in the theater during watching a 3D movie is important in case of visual fatigue and perceived characteristics. This paper provides an empirical result related to effect of spatial variable at 3D theater on 3D effect. The results could be helpful to establish spatial standard in 3D theater and 3D contents; furthermore, it could help to establish regulations of visual fatigue induced from 3D effects and indications for 3D efficiency.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.131-141
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• 2004

Current binocular stereoscopic displays cause visual discomfort when objects with large disparities are present in the scene. One solution for improving visual comfort is synthetic depth-of-field processing, which simulates the characteristics of a human visual system. With this technique, visual comfort is improved by blurring portions of the background and/or foreground in the scene. However, this technique has the drawback of degrading overall image quality because the blurring is typically applied to both left and right images. To alleviate the visual discomfort, we propose a novel disparity-based asymmetrical filtering technique. Proposed technique applies the filtering to the image of one eye only, and controls the blur level according to the disparity information between stereoscopic images. We investigate the effects of this technique on stereoscopic video by measuring visual comfort and apparent sharpness. Our results indicate that disparity-based asymmetrical filtering can improve visual comfort of stereoscopic video while it maintains apparent sharpness if unfixated regions with large disparities are blurred under the appropriate filtering condition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2015.01a
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• pp.197-199
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• 2015

3D 입체영상 촬영에서는 기존의 2D 영상과 다르게 깊이영역에 대한 시청자의 시각 피로에 주의해야 한다. 입체영상 촬영단계에서 시청자의 불편함을 최소화하기 위해 제작자들은 2D 촬영 방식과는 다르게 안정적인 카메라 촬영기법만을 사용한다. 본 연구는 입체영상 제작자들이 안전하게 다양한 촬영기법을 활용할 수 있도록 도움을 줄 수 있는 가이드라인 제작을 위해 시작되었으며, 그 결과의 일부로 본 논문에서는 촬영기법 중 달리샷에 대한 시각 피로도를 보여주고자 한다.