• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.331-358
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• 2024

In the rapid digital transformation era, kiosks have become a common element in daily life. However, their widespread deployment has introduced new challenges for socially marginalized groups, including individuals with disabilities and the elderly. This study aims to evaluate the usability of kiosks for individuals with low vision and propose improvement strategies. The study was conducted with eight low-vision university students from A University in Gyeongsangbuk-do and four non-disabled university students from Daegu. Usability was assessed through experiments involving a self-service certificate issuance kiosk and a fast-food restaurant kiosk, using Jakob Nielsen's five usability evaluation criteria: learnability, efficiency, memorability, error prevention, and satisfaction. The results revealed that individuals with low vision faced significant difficulties with small text size, low contrast, no physical buttons, and lack of screen zoom functionality. To address these issues, the study recommends enhancements such as increasing text size and contrast, incorporating physical buttons, adding zoom functionality, ensuring consistent UI design, and providing auditory feedback. This study provides foundational data for enhancing information accessibility for individuals with low vision. It offers critical insights into kiosk design and policy recommendations, thereby contributing to the mitigation of the digital divide.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2006

Most of the commercialized wearable text input devices are wrist-worn keyboards that have adopted the minimization method of reducing keys. Generally, a drastic key reduction in order to achieve sufficient wearability increases KSPC(Keystrokes per Character), decreases text entry performance, and requires additional effort to learn a new typing method. We are faced with wearability-usability tradeoff problems in designing a good wearable keyboard. To address this problem, we introduced a new keyboard minimization method of reducing key pitch. From a series of empirical studies, we found the potential of a new method which has a keyboard with a 7mm key pitch, good wearability and social acceptance in terms of physical form factors, and allows users to type 15.0WPM in 3 session trials. However, participants point out that a lack of passive haptic feedback in keying action and visual feedback on users' input deteriorate the text entry performance. We have developed the One-key Keyboard that addresses this problem. The traditional desktop keyboard has one key per character, but the One-key Keyboard has only one key ($70mm{\times}35mm$) on which a 10*5 QWERTY key array is printed. The One-key Keyboard detects the position of the fingertip at the time of the keying event and figures out the character entered. We conducted a text entry performance test comprised of 5 sessions. The participants typed 18.9WPM with a 6.7% error rate over all sessions and achieved up to 24.5WPM. From the experiment's results, the One-key Keyboard was evaluated as a potential text input device for wearable computing, balancing wearability, social acceptance, input speed, and learnability.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.637-654
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the development of scientific conceptual understanding through a process-centered assessment that visualizes the process of scientific argumentation. In this study, 353 high school students and five teachers participated in the scientific argumentation. As a result of analyzing students' utterances on the elements of argumentation, scientific concepts in intragroup were embodied through query and clarification of meaning, and organized through agreement and rebuttal. In intergroup argumentation, scientific concepts were elaborated through query, clarification of meaning, and change of claim. Teachers were able to understand the process of argumentation through small-group activity sheets where the process was visualized, thereby providing feedback and improving the class. Based on the results, the scientific argumentation of visualizing the process was found not only to allow students to perform self-assessment and peer-assessment but also to help teachers understand the argumentation process. The findings of this study guide process-centered assessment in the science curriculum and are expected to contribute to the promotion of scientific argumentation in classrooms.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2011.06a
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• pp.438-441
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• 2011

가상현실기반 충치치료 훈련 시스템에서 필수적으로 구현되어야 하는 부문은 절삭도구인 버(bur)를 이용하여 치아를 삭제하는 과정이다. 치아에 비하여 시술도구의 크기가 상대적으로 매우 작기 때문에 보다 정교한 충돌감지뿐만 아니라 치아 삭제에 따른 형태변형에 동기화된 정확한 충돌 모델이 요구된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 디스턴스 필드를 이용한 볼륨 모델을 치아에 적용하고 이를 형태변형 시각화와 햅틱 렌더링에 함께 이용하는 실시간 충돌 모델을 제안한다. 또한 안정적인 햅틱 피드백을 위해 버의 포인트 쉘 생성 방법과 시간 응집도에 따른 점 접촉 모델 가속화 방법을 제시한다.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.35-42
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usability of the tablet PC-based Korean high-tech AAC(Augmentative Alternative Communication System) software. In order to develop an AAC software which is appropriate to Korean cultural/linguistic contexts and communication needs of the users, we examined the necessity and ease of use for the communication functions that are required in native Korean communication, such as polite expressions, tense expressions, negative expressions, subject-verb auto-matching, and automatic sentence generation functions, using a scenario-based user testing. We also investigated the users' needs, preferences, and satisfaction for the tablet PC-based Korean high tech AAC using a semi-structured and open questionnaires. The participants of this study were 9 special education teachers, 6 speech therapists, and 6 parents whose children had communication disabilities. The results of the usability testing of the tablet PC-based Korean high-tech AAC software presented positive responses in general, by indicating overall scores of above 4 out of 5 except in tense and negative expressions. The necessity and ease of use in the tense and negative expressions were evaluated relatively low, and it might be related to the inconsistent interface with the polite expressions. In terms of the user interface(UI), there were users' needs for clear visual feedback in the symbol selection and display, consistent interface for all functions, more natural subject-verb auto-matching, and spacing in the text within symbols. The results of the usability testing and users' feedback might serve as a guideline to compensate and improve the function and UI of the existing AAC software.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.38-43
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• 2008

To reduce winging scapula, various exercise protocols have been widely used by clinicians. Selective serratus anterior strengthening, and restoring balanced function, are especially recommended to reduce winging scapula. The purpose of this study was to investigate visual biofeedback using a real time video camera display system for monitoring scapular winging during arm lowering. For this study, 13 males with winging scapular were recruited during arm lowering. Electromyography (EMG) activity was recorded from the serratus anterior (SA) and upper trapezius (UT) of the right side and compared with normal EMG activity using a paired t-test. The study showed, through visual biofeedback, that EMG activity significantly increased in the SA and significantly decreased in the UT (p<.05). These results suggest that visual biofeedback can be recommended as an effective method for scapular eccentric control, to prevent scapular winging during arm lowering.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.201-208
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of visual biofeedback training on the recovery of balance function in stroke patients. Methods: A total of 30 patients with stroke were chosen as the subjects of this study. The subjects were randomly divided into either the visual biofeedback balance training group (experimental group; n=15) or the general balance training group (control group; n=15). The visual biofeedback balance training and general balance training were implemented for 30 minutes a day, three times a week, for a total of four weeks. The subjects' balance ability was measured before and after the interventions. Results: The shift length and surface area of the center of the body decreased in both the experimental group and the control group, with the difference being statistically significant. The shift length and surface area of the center of the body both decreased more in the experimental group than in the control group, and there was a statistically significant between-group difference. Conclusion: The experimental group showed a greater improvement in terms of the balance ability of patients with stroke than the control group. Therefore, we believe that visual biofeedback balance training can be effectively applied for the improvement of balance ability in patients with stroke.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.145-156
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the reason why puberphonia patients revisit hospitals after completion of its treatment and the effect of visual voice therapy on voice improvement. The subject the study included are two puberphonia patients who had been diagnosed by laryngologists. The patients who were diagnosed as puberphonia by the laryngologist and treated by the a speech pathologist, completed their treatment and revisited hospital. The study used laryngoscopy, acoustic and aerodynamic analysis before and after voice treatment to investigate what change happens and why generalization of treatment effect did not occur naturally in the daily life. Their voices of pre-therapy and post-therapy were analyzed on the aspects of acoustics, aerodynamics and laryngeal endoscopy. As a result, it was found that fundamental frequency(Fo) was significantly lowered in respect of acoustic change and maximum phonation time(MPT) was increased to some extent in respect of aerodynamic change. In addition, there was a laryngoscopic change and commissure glottic chink disappeared generally in the phonation. The reason why the generalization did not occur naturally in one’s daily routine was mainly due to the fact that high-pitched voicing was used for a long time. Other than that reason, negative reaction or attitude of surrounding people and lack of confidence were to blame for failure of generalization.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2013

Background: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of visual feedback squat exercise on the young adults with Patellofemoral pain syndrome. Methods: The subjects of this study were 22 female and 8 male who were equally and randomly allocated to a visual feedback exercise group (VSEG), an experimental group, and squat exercise group (SEG), a control group. Both did so for 30 minutes three times per week over a six-week period. Using Dartfish, their static Q-angle (SQA) and dynamic Q-angle (DQA) were evaluated. Results: The static Q-angle was significantly reduced in both groups of VSEG and SEG and in the comparison of difference values before and after exercise between groups, VSEG had more significant effect than SEG but in the comparison of the effects of dynamic Q-angle both VSEG and SEG had significant effects and in the comparison of difference values before and after exercise between groups, VSEG had more significant effect than SEG. Conclusion: Visual feedback squat exercise may be applied as a method to correct the lower extremity alignment with PFPS.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.37-41
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• 2007

Purpose: Hemiplegic patients usually present with difficulties in maintaining their balance. Balance retraining is a major component of a rehabilitation program for patients with neurological impairments. This study compared the effects of prorpioceptive exercise and visual feedback program on the limits of stability (LOS) in chronic hemiplegia patients. Methods: Thirty subjects (mean age $57.0{\pm}9.8$) were recruited. The subjects were divided into a proprioceptive group and a visual group. The subjects for the proprioceptive group participated in the proprioceptive exercise program for 4 weeks, and the visual group were treated with visual feedback training using a Balance Master. Results: At the 4 week follow-up test, the LOS in the proprioceptive group improved significantly in all directions (p<0.05). However, improvement was only observed in the forward direction in the visual feedback group. Therefore, the proprioceptive control approach improves the LOS in chronic hemiplegia patients. Conclusion: These results suggest that compared with physical therapy alone using a proprioceptive control approach to hemiplegia, there was no additional benefit of visual feedback training, such as Balance Master, when administrated in combination with other physical therapy interventions.