• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.392-398
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• 2007

In this study we investigated the physical and sensory characteristics of sponge cakes prepared with different levels(0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10%) of freeze-dried steamed garlic and Yuza(Citrus junos Sieb ex Tanaka) powder, combined at the same ratio. The cake height and specific loaf volume were highest in the 4% steamed garlic and Yuza powder group. Moisture contents were significantly higher in the 2 and 4% steamed garlic and Yuza powder groups than in the other groups. With increasing steamed garlic and Yuza powder content, the L- and b-values of the crust decreased, but the a-value increased, when compared to the control group. The L-value of the crumb was insignificant within each group. Compared to the a-value of the $0{\sim}2%$ added groups, the a-value of the $4{\sim}10%$ added groups, increased with increasing steamed garlic and Yuza powder contents. However the b-value decreased in the 8 and 10% steamed garlic and Yuza powder groups. The hardness and chewiness of the $6{\sim}10%$ added groups, and the gumminess of the 10% addition group, were significantly higher than in the control group. The results of the sensory evaluation showed there were not significant differences amoung the groups, except for moistness. Therefore, we suggest that the recommended optimal level of steamed garlic and Yuza powder in sponge cake is a 4% addition.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.696-703
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• 2016

Purpose: This study investigated quality characteristics and retarding retrogradation of sponge cake added beetroot powder. Methods: Sponge cakes were prepared using 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% of beetroot powder. The specific capacity, baking loss, and dough yield were calculated. Moisture content and pH were also measured. Color values were assessed using a color measurement spectrophotometer. The retarding retrogradation was calculated employing the Avrami equation. Results: The specific capacity increased in parallel to the addition of beetroot powder's elevation, but baking loss significantly decreased. The dough yield was high in 6% and 8% additions however moisture content did not differ. The pH was increased in 0-4% additions. L and b-values significantly decreased according to the level of beetroot powder. For retarding retrogradation, a 4% addition had the effect of delaying the sponge cake's staling. Conclusion: These results suggested that the beetroot can be considered a good material to improve the quality characteristics, sensory properties, and after the addition of 4% of beetroot powder was able to delay staling. Therefore, so it is assumed to improve the sponge cake shelf life.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.162-170
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• 2010

This study investigated the effect of addition of pumpkin on the physicochemical properties of rice sponge cakes. Water retention capacity(WRC) was lowest in control preparations to which no pumpkin flour was added. WRC increased as more pumpkin flour was added and rice flour with 25% of added pumpkin flour showed a WRC of 89.0%. Similar to WRC, alkaline water retention capacity(AWRC) also increased as more pumpkin flour was added and ranged from 69.7% to 80.7%. As the amount of pumpkin flour added increased, the pH increased. Similar to the sedimentation value, the Pelshenke value also increased as the amount of the added pumpkin flour increased. The gelatinization temperature did not vary significantly between the samples(p<0.05). The midline peak height, which is the height of the peak point from the baseline, showed the same tendency with that of the midline peak time, but was not significantly different between samples(p<0.05). Volume was decreased as the amount of the added pumpkin flour increased. The weight of the rice sponge cakes showed significant difference increasing with the increasing added pumpkin flour(p<0.05). There was significant difference as the specific loaf volume decreased with the increasing pumpkin flour(p<0.05).

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제23권1호통권97호
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• pp.70-77
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• 2007

The study was conducted to evaluate the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of sponge cake with different amounts of ${\beta}$-glucan, 2%, 4% and 6%. Addition of ${\beta}$-glucan did not affect the texture property of batter in terms of springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess and hardness. The volume of the sponge cake was significantly decreased in only 6% ${\beta}$-glucan added group, compared to the control. The pH, height, weight and moisture content of the cake were not significantly different between the control and ${\beta}$-glucan added groups. Lightness and yellowness of the cake crust were the highest in the 4% ${\beta}$-glucan group, while redness was decreased with increasing ${\beta}$-glucan content. The color of the cake crumb was not significantly different between the control and ${\beta}$-glucan group, and nor were the texture properties and sensory quality of the sponge cake. These study results show that the addition of ${\beta}$-glucan up to 4% did not affect the quality of sponge cake.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제23권1호통권97호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2007

The substitution effects of whey protein isolate(WPI) for egg in the preparation of sponge cake were determined by objective and subjective tests. Milk whey is drained from milk curd as a by-product of cheese manufacture. Whey protein is known as a good nutritional source and a functional material for many processed foods, especially baked goods. WPI contains above 90% whey protein. The specific gravity and viscosity of sponge cakes tend to be affected by WPI substitution. The cooking loss of sponge cakes with WPI substituted for egg(abbreviated as WPI cake) during oven baking was smaller than that made with egg(abbreviated as egg cake) and the specific loaf volume of WPI cake was larger than that of egg cake. The number of pores was highly increased and the size of pores was more uniformly and finely distributed in the cross section of WPI cake than those of egg cake, as observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The hardness, gumminess and chewiness of WPI cake made with 10-20% WPI substitution were the lowest among all the tested cakes, including egg cake, thereby confirming the considerable improvement in their cake qualities. By the results of sensory evaluation, appearance, pore uniformity, softness, chewiness, moistness, flavor, mouth feeling, and overall acceptability of 10-20% WPI substitute cakes were evaluated as being significantly superior to those of all other cakes(p<0.05). These results support the better physicochemical characteristics and sensory evaluations of sponge cake prepared with 10-20% of WPI substitution for egg.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.110-117
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• 2007

The quality characteristics of sponge cake with added ${\beta}-glucan$(2, 4 and 6%) were evaluated. Rapid decreases in moisture content in the sponge cake were observed during storage($20^{\circ}C$, 70% relative humidity) in control and 2% ${\beta}-glucan$ cakes by day 3 of storage, while the moisture content in the 4% and 6% ${\beta}-glucan-added$ sponge cake slowly decreased until day 12 of storage. During storage, hardness was much lower in groups with added ${\beta}-glucan$ than in control. On day 1 L, a and b values of both crust and crumb of sponge cake with added ${\beta}-glucan$ were not significantly different from control, although the a and b values decreased significantly with storage days. Sensory test revealed that the scores for over-all acceptability were much higher in sponge cake with added ${\beta}-glucan$, and the same results were obtained on day 5. Based on these results, ${\beta}-glucan$ addition maintained moisture content and had an overall good effect on sponge cake.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of saltwort, on the quality characteristics of sponge cake. In addition, we examined the commercialization potential of sponge cake containing saltwort. To accomplish this, saltwort was added to sponge cakes at concentrations of 0%, 3%, 5% and 7% and quality and sensory tests were then conducted. The 7% group had the highest water and ash content. There was no difference in the fat content between samples. The control group showed the highest protein content and the lowest specific gravity. As the content of saltwort increased, the specific gravity of the sponge cake increased. Additionally, the dough yield and loss during baking were highest, in the control group, and these values decreased as the saltwort content increased. Similarly, the volume and specific volume were highest in the control group, and these values decreased as the content of saltwort powder increased. Color measurements of the samples, revealed that the L-value decreased as the content of saltwort powder increased. Furthermore, the a-value of the saltwort powder groups was higher than that of the control group and the b-value was highest in the 7% group. There were no differences in elasticity and cohesion between samples, but chewiness and brittleness increased the content of saltwort powder increased. The results of the sensory test revealed that the color, flavor and taste scores were the highest in the 5% group. The pore size was greatest in the control group, while hardness was greatest in the 7% group, chewiness was highest in the 5% group and moistness was highest in the 5% group. Finally, the overall preference was for the 5% group.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2024

This study investigated the quality characteristics of butter sponge cakes added with whey protein concentrate (WPC)(0%, 10%, 30%, 50%, 100%) added as a fat substitute. The density of the dough of butter sponge cakes significantly increased with higher levels of added WPC and the pH decreased (F=248.38, p<.001). The moisture content also decreased significantly (F=3.151, p < .05). However, the volume (F=9.556, p<.01) and specific volume (F=11.15, p<.001) significantly increased. With respect to color, there was no significant difference in the lightness (L) value of the crumb, but the redness (a) value increased significantly with higher levels of added WPC (F=12.616, p < .001), while the yellowness (b) value decreased significantly (F=4.550, p<.01). Regarding the crust, the L values (F=3.791, p<.01) and b values (F=7.000, p<.001) decreased significantly with higher levels of added WPC, while the (a) values increased significantly (F=4.706, p<.01). The DPPH radical scavenging ability of the raw WPC used in the manufacture of butter sponge cakes was found to be 27.45%, but this increased significantly as the amount of WPC added to butter sponge cakes increased (F=45.237, p<.001). In a consumer preference test, the flavor, appearance, texture, odor, and overall acceptability were highest in the case of WPC-10 when taking advantage of the functional advantages of WPC as a lowfat substitute, confirming the development potential and optimal amount of WPC that should be added to butter sponge cakes.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.607-614
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics of sponge cakes with added rice flour produced by a modified genoise method to prevent volume reduction. A control group and experimental group I were prepared by the genoise method and experimental groups II, III, and IV were produced by a modified genoise method in which they were mixed with wheat flour and water to a make paste to form gluten for 3, 6, and 9 minutes, respectively. One third of the wheat flour in all experimental groups was replaced by rice flour. The control and experimental groups were compared in terms of quality characteristics, including batter specific gravity, volume, color, textural characteristics, and sensory qualities, to determine the optimal pasting time for wheat flour in the formulation. The specific gravity of the experimental groups was higher than that of the control and decreased with increasing wheat flour pasting time. The volume of experimental group I was lower than that of the control group, and the volume values of experimental groups III and IV, made by the modified genoise method, were higher than that of the control group. $dL^*$ and $db^*$values for the crust and inside of the cake were lower in the experimental groups than in the control. The $dL^*$ value, indicating brightness, increased as pasting time increased. The hardness values of experimental groups I and IV were higher than that of the control whereas experimental groups II and III had lower hardness values. Chewiness was higher in the control group, as well as experimental groups I and IV than in the experimental groups II and III. The gumminess of experimental group IV was highest. Cohesiveness decreased by adding rice flour to the sponge cake. Sensory attributes of cell uniformity, tenderness, moistness, taste, and overall acceptability had the highest scores in experimental group III. Based on these results, we conclude that the quality of sponge cake containing one third of the wheat flour replaced by rice flour is best with 6 minutes pasting of the wheat flour to form gluten.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.930-937
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• 2016

This study investigated the quality characteristics, antioxidant activities, and retarding retrogradation of sponge cakes made with 0%, 1%, 3%, 5% and 7% pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) leaf powder. Specific capacity significantly increased with the addition (0.33~0.38), but baking loss and dough yield were not significantly different (p<0.05). In color, there was a decrease in the L-value, a-value and b-value, but ${\Delta}E$ increased in proportion to the amount of pumpkin leaf powder. Moisture content increased in the 0~3% additions, from 27.90~31.68%, but decreased in 5% and 7% (22.37% and 28.15%, respectively). pH tended to decrease significantly according to the amount of pumpkin leaf powder (p<0.05). Hardness increased with the addition of pumpkin leaf powder, and pumpkin leaf groups presented higher springiness and cohesiveness than the control. Chewiness was not significantly differ (p<0.05). In retarding retrogradation, Avrami exponent (n) showed that addition of 5% (0.1329) had more retarding retrogradation effect than the control (0.4319), whereas time constant (1/k) showed both 3% (100.00) and 5% (70.42) addition had more effect than control (18.45). Total phenols and flavonoids content increased proportionate to the addition levels. ABTS radical scavenging activity tended to increase according to the level of pumpkin leaf powder. In sensory properties, 5% addition showed maximum color, and 3% addition had the highest scores in flavor, moistness, sweetness, chewiness and overall acceptability. These results suggested that pumpkin leaf was a good addition to improve the quality characteristics, health and sensory preferences. The most appropriate proportion to have the effect of retarding retrogradation in sponge cake is 3%.