• 농업기술회보
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.25-26
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• 2013

최근 대체에너지 자원으로 주목받고 있는 농업부문의 바이오매스 잠재발생량이 연간 1,100만톤 이상이며, 이를 잠재 에너지 부존량으로 환산하면 약 460만 TOE에 해당된다. 그러나 농업부산물을 활용한 바이오매스 활용이 농업분야 온실가스 감축 및 에너지 절약에 중요한 역할을 할 수 있음에도 불구하고, 그에 대한 연구가 부족했다. 농업활동 과정에서 발생되는 바이오매스 자원 잠재량을 알아보고 이들 바이오매스를 활용한 토양탄소 격리기술에 대하여 소개한다.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.214-222
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was done to investigate sleep patterns and utilization of the charcoal eyepatch In high school students through a survey research. Method: The participants in this study were 80 students in a high school in Seoul. The period of data collection was from July 1, 2002 to 15, 2002. The research instruments used in this study were the measures of sleep and SPSSWIN 10.0 Program was used for data analysis. Result: The students went to bed after 12 p.m., but many of them easily fell asleep within 5 minutes. They woke up quite early at around 4 to 6 o'clock in the morning but remained in bed 1 hour. Satisfaction with their sleep was the response for 38.8% of the students. While 77% napped, they generally did so in the afternoon and 38.8% napped for half an hour. As for quality of sleep, 2.5% of the students could not sleep deeply, and 21.7% woke frequently during sleep. Their sleep environments were calm and comfortable, and they turned off the light when sleeping. The utilization of the charcoal eyepatch was effective for sleep, fatigue and powerlessness in high school students. Conclusion: Utilization of the charcoal eyepatch was effective for sleep in high school students and while the utilization of charcoal is recommended in life, the effect of charcoal must be testified through research.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.127-132
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• 2015

In this study, biochar-bead, prepared from biochar powder derived from woody biomass, was used for removal cadmium ion in aqueous solution. Various mixing ratios of alginate solution and biochar powder were used for the production of round shape biochar-bead. An optimum mixing ratio was selected as 1.5% alginate solution and 20 wt% biochar. The produced biochar-bead was characterized by SEM, FT-IR, and XRD analyses. The adsorption capacity of Cd(II) by biochar-bead was found to be 9.72 mg/g which was higher than that by GAC and PAC. According to this study, round shape biochar-bead is expected to be used as a media for reactive barrier or water filtration.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.62-71
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• 2017

This study was investigated on the properties of board made from carbonized rice husk differed in density of board, resin addition ratio and sawdust addition ratio. Water absorption is showed the lowest value to 80.09% when the resin addition ratio of 25%, as the density increased and sawdust addition ratio decreased, the water absorption was decreased. The measured thickness swelling satisfied with the quality standards of KS F 3104, so the feasibility of building interior has been confirmed in the dimensional stability. In case of resin addition ratio of 25%, the internal bond strength was satisfied quality standards of KS F 3104 to $0.244N/mm^2$. With increasing the density, resin and sawdust addition ratio, brinell hardness increased.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.37 no.10
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• pp.901-909
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• 2013

Owing to the Increasing use of fossil fuels, worldwide concerns over environmental pollution are increasing. As a solution, ligneous biomass has emerged as a promising alternative fuel in recent times. Therefore, in this study, a moisture evaporation model that largely influences the energy density and efficiency of ligneous biomass is studied using a numerical approach. Furthermore, the thermal characteristics are analyzed in terms of torrefaction temperature and moisture fractions in the wood, and the type of wood species. The results show that the temperature and moisture fractions of wood decrease with an increase in the torrefaction temperature. In particular, when the torrefaction temperature is lower than 423K, there were little changes in the moisture fraction in the wood. Furthermore, it was found that charcoal is produced more slowly as the moisture fraction in the wood increases.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.531-539
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• 2016

Charcoal dyed fabrics have been widely used in home textiles and functional clothing due to their anti-statics, antibacterial, deodorization, far infrared emitting and anion releasing. Soybean fiber were regenerated from soybean. Soybean fiber have biodegradable, microbiocidal, non-allergic, and anti-ageing properties. The purpose of this study is to investigate the dyeing characteristics of soybean fabric using charcoal as colorants. Soybean fabrics were dyed with charcoal solution according to concentration of charcoal, dyeing temperature, and dyeing time. To improve washing fastness and investigate mordanting condition, soybean fabric and dyed soybean fabric with charcoal were mordanted by mordanting agents such as $CH_3COOH$(acetic acid), NaCl(sodium chloride) and $AlK(SO_4)_2{\cdot}12H_2O$(Aluminium Potassium Sulfate). Dyeability and color characteristics of charcoal dyed soybean fabric were obtained by computer color matching and SEM morphology analysis. Particle size of charcoal and color fastness were also investigated. The results obtained were as follows; Mean average diameter of charcoal was $1.39{\mu}m$. The dyeability of soybean fabric using charcoal as colorants was increased gradually with increasing concentration of charcoal dyeing solution and saturated at about 8%(o.w.b.). The optimum dyeing temperature and dyeing time were $90{\sim}105^{\circ}C$ and 60~90 minutes respectively. The overall wash fastness at dyeing concentration 2~4%(o.w.b.) and 6~10%(o.w.b.) were 4 degree and 3-4 degree respectively. The fastness to washing according to mordanting method indicated good grade result as more than 4 degree in all conditions. On the other hand, the staining of adjacent fabrics, i.e. PET, Acryl, Wool, Acetate, Nylon and Cotton was found to be of grade 4 or 4-5 in all conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.32-44
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• 2010

A two-dimensional thermal response and ablation analysis code for predicting charring material ablation and shape change on solid rocket nozzle is presented. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques have been used to characterize the thermal decomposition constants for Arrhenius parameters. Two heterogeneous reactions involving carbon and the oxidizing species of $H_2O$ and $CO_2$ are considered and determined by Zvyagin's ablation model and kinetic constants. The moving boundary problem and mesh moving are solved by remeshing-rezoning method in MSC-Marc-ATAS program. The difference between the calculated and experimental value of char and ablation thickness is up to 20%. For the performance prediction of thermal protection systems, this method will be integrated with a three-dimensional finite-element thermal and structure analysis code through the real time sensing of in-depth temperature and heat flux.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
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• 2009.12a
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• pp.308-308
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• 2009

유기농액비 자가제조 방법의 표준화를 위해 농가 현황조사를 통해 유기농액비 제조방법을 분류하고 제조 시기별 성분함량 변동상을 분석하였다. 조사대상 액비는 경기 9, 강원 5, 충북, 1, 충남 20, 전남 6, 경북 5, 경남 8 등 총 54종이었다. 자가제조 유기농액비에 사용된 재료는 감, 매실, 복숭아, 사과, 참다래, 토마토, 파프리카, 양파, 파, 인삼, 미나리, 민들레, 쇠비름, 쑥, 익모초, 산야초, 황기, 환삼덩굴, 으름열매, 은행과피, 배 어린 열매, 감껍질, 깻묵, 들깨대, 물미역, 쌀뜨물, 쌀겨, 꽁치, 바다생선 (잡어), 불가사리, 생선부산물(내장, 뼈 등), 액젓부산물(해산물의 뼈가 많이 함유된 물질), 동물뼈(돼지, 닭 등), 골분, 혈분, 천매암, 천일염, 계란껍질, 조개껍질, 게껍질, 새우껍질, 굴껍질, 농가부산물, 음식부산물, 구아노, 들깨 대 숯, 참깨 대 숯 등이었다. 제조방법은 기본재료+물, 기본재료+물+미생물, 기본재료+당밀, 기본재료+당밀+미생물, 기본재료+흑설탕, 기본재료+흑설탕+미생물 등이었다. 유기농액비의 화학적 특성은 다양하였으며, 혈분을 주 원료로 한 유기농액비의 화학성변화는 시간의 경과함에 따라 pH는 4.99에서 3.85로 낮아졌지만, EC, T-C, T-N, $P_2O_5$, $K_2O$, CaO, MgO, $Na_2O$, Fe, Mn, Zn 등은 높아졌다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.480-489
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• 2010

We investigated the functional characteristics of commercial wood charcoal in Korea and their application as functional raw materials. The areas of analysis were anatomical features, elementary composition, mineral composition, caloric values, anion and far-infrared ray emission, and moisture absorption capacity. Based on the analyses as above mentioned, it is considered that charcoal can be evaluated as functional raw material. In commercial wood charcoal in Korea, there were highly varied depending on manufacturing methods as black charcoal, white charcoal and mechanical charcoal and manufactures for elementary composition, mineral composition, anion emission, far infrared ray emission. Especially, black charcoal showed lower moisture absorption capacity than white charcoal and mechanical charcoal. For charcoal as functional raw material, selective usage are needed based on the analyses of anatomical features, elementary composition, mineral composition, caloric values, anion and far-infrared ray emission, and moisture absorption capacity. Specific charcoal making methods for improving specific functionality, required as functional raw material, are necessary in further research.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.67-74
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• 2012

Bio-char, obtained from biomass as a by-product of the pyrolysis process, is used successfully as a soil amendment and carbon sequester in this limited study. Recent and active research from literatures has extended the application of bio-char in the industry to promote sustainability and help mitigate the negative environmental impacts caused by carbon emissions. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of high-carbon bio-char as a carbon sequester and/or admixture in mortar and concrete to improve the sustainability of concrete. This paper presents the experimental results of an initial attempt to develop a cement admixture using bio-char. In particular, the effects of the water retention capacity of bio-char in concrete are investigated. The chemical and mechanical properties (e.g., the chemical components, microstructure, concrete weight loss, compressive strength and mortar flow) are examined using sample mortar mixes with varying replacement rates of cement that contains hardwood bio-char. The experimental results also are compared with mortar mixes that contain fly ash as the cement substitute.