• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.316-324
• /
• 2004

Purpose : In radiotherapy of tumors in liver, enough planning target volume (PTV) margins are necessary to compensate breathing-related movement of tumor volumes. To overcome the problems, this study aims to obtain patients' body movements by using a moving phantom and an ultrasonic sensor, and to develop respiration sating techniques that can adjust patients' beds by using reversed values of the data obtained. Materials and Methods : The phantom made to measure patients' body movements is composed of a microprocessor (BS II, 20 MHz, 8K Byte), a sensor (Ultra-Sonic, range $3\~3$ m), host computer (RS232C) and stepping motor (torque 2.3 Kg) etc., and the program to control and operate it was developed. The program allows the phantom to move within the maximum range of 2 cm, its movements and corrections to take place In order, and x, y and z to move successively. After the moving phantom was adjusted by entering random movement data (three dimensional data form with distance of 2 cm), and the phantom movements were acquired using the ultra sonic sensor, the two data were compared and analyzed. And then, after the movements by respiration were acquired by using guinea pigs, the real-time respiration gating techniques were drawn by operating the phantom with the reversed values of the data. Results : The result of analyzing the acquisition-correction delay time the three types of data values and about each value separately shows that the data values coincided with one another within $1\%$ and that the acquisition-correction delay time was obtained real-time $(2.34{\times}10^{-4}sec)$. Conclusion : This study successfully confirms the clinic application possibility of respiration gating techniques by using a moving phantom and an ultrasonic sensor. With ongoing development of additional analysis system, which can be used in real-time set-up reproducibility analysis, it may be beneficially used in radiotherapy of moving tumors.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.52 no.4
• /
• pp.428-436
• /
• 2016

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has been increased and become a public health concern worldwide. Many bacterial infections can be sequentially treated with different types of antibiotics. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the changes in survival, antibiotic susceptibility, mutant frequency, ${\beta}$-lactamase activity, biofilm formation, and gene expression in Klebsiella pneumoniae after exposure to sequential antibiotic treatments of ciprofloxacin and meropenem. Treatments include control (CON; no addition), 1/2 MIC ciprofloxacin addition (1/2CIP), 2 MIC ciprofloxacin addition (2CIP), initial 1/2 MIC ciprofloxacin addition followed by 1/2 MIC meropenem (8 h-incubation) and 2 MIC ciprofloxacin (16 h-incubation) (1/2CIP-1/2MER-2CIP), initial 1/2 MIC ciprofloxacin addition followed by 1/2 MIC meropenem (8 h-incubation) and 2 MIC meropenem (16 h-incubation) (1/2CIP-1/2MER-2MER), and initial 1/2 MIC ciprofloxacin addition followed by 2 MIC ciprofloxacin(8 h-incubation) and 2 MIC meropenem(16 h-incubation) (1/2CIP-2CIP-2MER). No growth of K. pneumoniae was observed for the 2CIP throughout the incubation period. The numbers of planktonic cells varied with the treatments (7~10 log CFU/ml), while those of biofilm cells were not significantly different among treatments after 24-h incubation, showing approximately 7 log CFU/ml. Among the sequential treatments, the least mutant frequency was observed at the 1/2CIP-1/2MER-2CIP (14%). Compared to the CON, 1/2CIP-2CIP-2MER decreased the sensitivity of K. pneumoniae to piperacillin, cefotaxime, and nalidixic acid. The highest ${\beta}$-lactamase activity was 22 nmol/min/ml for 1/2CIP-1/2MER-2CIP, while the least ${\beta}$-lactamase activity was 6 nmol/min/ml for 1/2CIP-2CIP-2MER. The relative expression levels of multidrug efflux pump-related genes (acrA, acrB, and ramA) were increased more than 2-fold in K. pneumoniae exposed to 1/2CIP-1/2MER-2MER and 1/2CIP-2CIP-2MER. The results suggest that the sequential antibiotic treatments could change the antibiotic resistance profiles in K. pneumoniae.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.270-275
• /
• 2011

Pierre Robin Sequence (PRS) is known as an anomaly consisting of respiratory obstruction with glossoptosis, micrognathia and cleft palate in a newborn. The etiology of PRS is not known, but several factors may be involved simultaneously. Mortality rate of PRS is about 5~30% and the treatment method is divided into both conventional treatments and surgical interventions. If the respiratory obstruction is not resolved by the conventional method, surgical treatment, such as subperiosteal release of the floor of the mouth, tongue-lip adhesion, tracheostomy, distraction osteogenesis may be needed. This study reports a case of PRS in a newborn male at 20 days, with dyspnea and feeding difficulties. Clinical examination showed micrognathia with glossoptosis and cleft palate as the typical PRS triad. We tried surgical intervention with subperiosteal release of the floor of the mouth and tongue-lip adhesion and surgery was successful. At $19^{th}$ months, we also repaired the incomplete cleft palate successfully using 2-Flap palatoplasty.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.43 no.4
• /
• pp.373-377
• /
• 2015

The mature fruit of Sorbus commixta is known as magaja in Korea and is consumed in the form of tea and wine. In addition, it has been used to treat hypertension and articular neuralgia in folk medicine. In this study, the ethanol extract of magaja and its subsequent organic solvent fractions were prepared, and their in vitro anti-coagulation, and platelet aggregation inhibitory activities were evaluated. Among the fractions, the ethylacetate fraction demonstrated significant inhibition against thrombin, prothrombin, blood coagulation factors and platelet aggregation, without hemolysis activity up to 0.5 mg/ml. Our results suggest that the ethylacetate fraction of magaja has the potential to be used as a new anti-coagulation agent.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.134-137
• /
• 2013

A 4-month-old intact male Jindo dog was presented for left hindlimb lameness. On radiographs, a small mineralized piece was identified beneath the apophysis of tibia with no or minimal displacement of apophysis bilaterally. Subsequently, the cranioproximal bony aspect of the tibia changed radiolucent to radiopaque. The left side recovered after surgical management, but the right side was self-limited with conservative management. The diagnosis was partial avulsion fracture of the tibial tuberosity which has been called 'Osgood-Schlatter disease' in dogs.

• Korean Journal of School Psychology
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.351-370
• /
• 2021

This study investigated the effect of parental psychological control on relational aggression among middle school students, the mediating effects of rejection sensitivity and friendship jealousy, and whether there were differences in these variables by the demographic characteristics of gender and family form. Data of 554 middle school students living in Daegu and Gyeongsangbuk-do were used for the final analysis. There were two major results. The first major result was what rejection sensitivity and friendship jealousy sequentially mediated the relationship between parental psychological control and relational aggression. The second major result was gender differences which was shown by a multi-group analysis to examine in the path from parental psychological control to rejection sensitivity, the path from parental psychological control to relational aggression, and the path from friendship jealousy to relational aggression. This study was meaningful in that it expanded the understanding of relational aggression and identified directions for therapeutic interventions.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.73-82
• /
• 2003

This experimental research has been done to study the effects of Bojungikgi-tang(BJIKT) on the anti-allergic reaction. We found the several important results from the research which has been performed by two experiments toward immediately type and delayed type in order to study the effects of BJIKT on hypersensitivity response to mice. The results obtained from our research are as following: 1. The survival rate of one group to which we injected only the compound 48/80 is almost 0% according to its density and timing test. In the other hand, the survival rates of the other group to which we injected both of the compound 48/80 and BJIKT are 20%, 10%, 30%, 10%, 40%, and 70% according to 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25 0.5 and 1(mg/g) of compound 48/80. Time dependency test also shows the 10% and 0% survival rates in 5 and 10 minutes. 2. BJIKT revealed the significantly inhibitory effect on Compound 48/80 induced Mast cell degranulation. 3. BJIKT showed the significantly inhibitory effect in the delayed type hypersensitivity response to picryl chloride. 4. BJIKT showed the significantly inhibitory effect in the delayed type hypersensitivity response to sheep red blood tell. Our research provides the important evidence that BJIKT is benificial to the prevention and treatment of allergy related diseases.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.25 no.11
• /
• pp.1298-1303
• /
• 2015

Machilus thunbergii (Lauraceae) is an evergreen tree cultivated in Korea and Japan. M. thunbergii has long been used as a traditional medicine in Korea, China, and Japan to treat various diseases, including edema, abdominal pain, and abdominal distension. In this study, dried stem bark of M. thunbergii extracted in methanol and extract was partitioned into n-hexane, CHCl₃, and BuOH. The CHCl₃-soluble extracts chromatographed on silica gel column using a CHCl₃/acetone and n-hexane/EtOAc mixture to afford Compound 1 and 2. Two dibenzylbutane lignans, macelignan (1) and meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid (2), were isolated from the CHCl₃-soluble extract of M. thunbergii stem bark. The structures of 1 and 2 were determined by ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopic data analyses and a comparison with literature data. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the isolated compounds was evaluated. Among these compounds, Compound 2 strongly inhibited the monophenolase (IC₅₀=10.2 μM) activity of tyrosinase. A kinetic analysis showed that Compound 2 was a competitive inhibitor. The apparent inhibition constant (K_i) for Compound 2 binding to free enzyme was 4.8 μM. Based on these results, it can be concluded that meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid (2) is a potential candidate for the treatment of melanin biosynthesis-related skin diseases.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.499-503
• /
• 2015

We investigated the anti-obesity effects of ethanolic extract (ID1216) of Polygonatum sibiricum rhizome and its potential underlying mechanism in an animal model. ID1216 treatment decreased body weight gain and white adipose tissue weight in the prevention study. The mRNA levels of sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ coactivator-$1{\alpha}$ ($PGC1{\alpha}$), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\alpha}$ ($PPAR{\alpha}$) significantly increased in the epididymal white adipose tissue of ID1216-administered mice. The stimulation effects of ID1216 on these gene expressions were also observed in a cell-based assay using differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In addition, similar to orlistat, ID1216 treatment improved weight gain and reduced epididymal fat in the treatment model. These results suggest that ID1216 has potential as an anti-obesity agent by modulating the expression of genes related to thermogenesis, lipid metabolism and fatty acid oxidation.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.35 no.11
• /
• pp.1205-1211
• /
• 2011

In this paper, we developed a pacemaker that can increase the efficacy of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) and increase the survival rate for patients suffering end-stage heart failure. Because LVAD patients can experience arrhythmia, the pacemaker incorporated into the LVAD has the important role of sustaining sufficient blood circulation during arrhythmia. The electrode of the pacemaker is located at the apex of the left ventricle, where the VAD's inlet cannula is connected. This is efficient placement, in that the electrode can transmit electrical stimulation directly to the Purkinje fibers of the myocardium. The pacemaker can change the stimulation rate from 0 bpm to 191.4 bpm when a button is pressed on the external control module, and the pacemaker normally stimulates the heart at 60 bpm with 0.25 J of energy. We performed animal experiments to evaluate the performance and reliability of the combination of the LVAD and pacemaker. At pacemaker stimulation rates of 86.4 bpm, 100.2 bpm, 126.6 bpm, we recorded the ECGs, aortic pressures, and flow rates to analyze the heart loads.