• 대한두경부종양학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2007.11a
• /
• pp.208-208
• /
• 2007

• Communications of Mathematical Education
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.257-276
• /
• 2020

In this study, the MKT level of pre-service mathematics teachers in the area of permutations and combinations was investigated, and MKT-Development Program(MKT-DP) focused on improving the MKT of pre-service mathematics teachers was developed and implemented to examine the effects of the program on the MKT in the area of permutations and combinations. Twenty-nine pre-service mathematics teachers participated in a four-week MKT-DP and MKT pre and post tests. According to the MKT pre test results for permutation and combination areas, pre-service teachers who participated in this study showed low levels of MKT in the permutation and combination areas, especially, the level of SCK and KCT was quite low. In order to examine the effects of MKT-DP, the results of pre- and post-MKT tests were analyzed, and a significant difference between pre- and post-tests was found only in the KCT sub-category. This shows that the MKT-DP developed in this study is effective in improving pre-services teachers' KCT in the area of permutation and combination. Although there were no statistically significant differences between the three remaining sub-categories(CCK, SCK, and KCS), the positive influence of MKT-DP can be expected throughout MKT, as a result of some level increase in post-test compared to the pre-test.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 2004

In the recent time, early correction of the congenital anomalies has become the focus of contemporary cleft lip care, The reason of that is mostly psychologic factor of children are respected, Although the propound object of lip adhesion is not esthetic improvement, that able to satisfy sufficiently parents of cleft children, In the unilateral or bilateral clefts, a preliminary lip adhesion has been advocated as a mean of narrowing the cleft at an early phase, of improving the nasal contour, of molding the alveolar arch, and of easing and improving the result of a definitive lip repair. The present study was earned out to investigate the effect of lip adhesion. We performed the Millard's high-half underminded adhesion and Seibert's lip adhesion followed by modified Millard's cheiloplasty for five infants had unilateral complete cleft lip. The lip adhesion reduced the actual deformity by molding the maxillary alveolar segments into better relationship and allows a easy cheiloplasty so that led to more perfect final lip result, Both Millard's high-half underminded adhesion and Seibert's lip adhesion were available methods to adhere a wide cleft lip, Especially, Seibert's lip adhesion had more advantages such as enhancement of the force of adhesion, correction of the deviated columella and acquirement of the esthetic upper lip continuity. These results suggest that the lip adhesion followed by cheiloplasty for wide unilateral complete cleft lip patients provide more favorable final result by molding the maxillary alveolar segments into better relationship.

• The Mathematical Education
• /
• v.63 no.2
• /
• pp.187-207
• /
• 2024

In this study, we explored the feasibility of automatically scoring descriptive assessment items using GPT-4 based ChatGPT by comparing and analyzing the scoring results between teachers and GPT-4 based ChatGPT. For this purpose, three descriptive items from the permutation and combination unit for first-year high school students were selected from the KICE (Korea Institute for Curriculum and Evaluation) website. Items 1 and 2 had only one problem-solving strategy, while Item 3 had more than two strategies. Two teachers, each with over eight years of educational experience, graded answers from 204 students and compared these with the results from GPT-4 based ChatGPT. Various techniques such as Few-Shot-CoT, SC, structured, and Iteratively prompts were utilized to construct prompts for scoring, which were then inputted into GPT-4 based ChatGPT for scoring. The scoring results for Items 1 and 2 showed a strong correlation between the teachers' and GPT-4's scoring. For Item 3, which involved multiple problem-solving strategies, the student answers were first classified according to their strategies using prompts inputted into GPT-4 based ChatGPT. Following this classification, scoring prompts tailored to each type were applied and inputted into GPT-4 based ChatGPT for scoring, and these results also showed a strong correlation with the teachers' scoring. Through this, the potential for GPT-4 models utilizing prompt engineering to assist in teachers' scoring was confirmed, and the limitations of this study and directions for future research were presented.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institutes of Information Security and Cryptology Conference
• /
• 2002.11a
• /
• pp.409-414
• /
• 2002

1996년 Crypto의 럼프세션에 소개된 NTRU는 잘려진 다항식 환(truncated polynomial ring)을 기반으로 작은 정수의 덧셈과 곱셈, 그리고 쉬프트(shift)연산만 이루어지는 암호시스템이다. 그 응용분야 중 NTRU기반 서명기법은 몇 번의 개정에 의해 2001년 NTRUSign이 소개되었다. NTRUSign은 기존의 NSS들의 단점을 보완하였지만 디지털 문서로부터 서명 생성시 순열기법이 아닌 것과 서명 복사본으로부터의 공격이 가능함이 최근 밝혀졌다. 이에 본 논문에서는 NTRU 암호시스템의 안전성을 기반으로 생성한 공유키와 대칭키 암호를 결합해 개선된 서명(Improved NTRUSign) 프로토콜을 제안한다.

• 대한두경부종양학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.215-215
• /
• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
• /
• 2003.04c
• /
• pp.67-69
• /
• 2003

소프트웨어 시스템을 집적하는데 있어서 컴퍼넌트 중심의 소프트웨어 개발 접근 방법이 큰 경향이다. 집적 소프트웨어 시스템의 전체 신뢰도를 확보하기 위해 소프트웨어 컴퍼넌트의 테스트 및 자원의 유한성 내에서 소프트웨어가요하는 조건을 만족해야만 한다. 기지의 비용, 신뢰도, 테스트 노력, 시스템 컴퍼넌트의 기타 다른 공헌 인자를 가지고 순열조합의 최적화 문제로서 시스템 테스트의 최적화 문제 효율을 공식화할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 그 각각이 사전에 명세화한 신뢰도 요건을 가진 단일 또는 다중 실용화 시스템에 대한“소프트웨어 컴퍼넌트 테스트 자원 할당”을 고려한다. 이것은 내고장(fault-tolerant) 시스템에도 확장해서 실용화할 수 있다. 테스트 자원 할당문제에 체계적으로 접근하는 절차를 논하고자 한다.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.42-48
• /
• 2008

The house of quality (HOQ) involves subjective and ambiguous information typically through a likert scale, It isimportant to validate consistency of such input in the HOQ before rating the fmal importance of technicalrequirements, Previously, a methodology was developed to test the consistency of relationship strengths in theHOQ between roof matrix and relationship matrix. We described disadvantages of the previous method andpropose a new approach based on the permutation test. Advantages of the proposed method are illustrated withan example.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2006.07d
• /
• pp.2199-2200
• /
• 2006

Reliable frequency estimation is important for active power control, load shedding and generator protection. Thereby, frequency estimation is researched and some algorithms is proposed. This paper analyzed strength and weakness of each algorithms through comparative analysis of frequency estimation. Used algorithms are Zero Crossing detection, Discrete Fourier Transformation, Least Error Squares.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2006.07a
• /
• pp.567-568
• /
• 2006

Reliable frequency estimation is important for active power control, load shedding and generator protection. Thereby, frequency estimation is researched and some algorithms is proposed. This paper analyzed strength and weakness of each algorithms through comparative analysis of frequency estimation. Used algorithms are Zero Crossing detection, Discrete Fourier Transformation, Least Error Squares.