• Title/Summary/Keyword: 수확 후 방제

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Effects of Treatment Time of Cadusafos and Fosthiazate for the Control of Meloidogyne arenaria on Oriental Melon (카두사포스와 포스치아제이트 처리시기에 따른 땅콩뿌리혹선충 방제효과)

  • 김동근;김진배;이재국;최성국;윤재탁
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.41 no.4
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    • pp.293-298
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    • 2002
  • Cadusafos and fosthiazate were applied at the rate of 1.8 g a.i./6$\m^2$ as pre-plant or pre-plant+post-plant treatments on winter-grown oriental melon in a greenhouse soil infested with Meloidogyne arenaria. Nematicides reduced root-knot nematode population from 35 to 90% compared with control; fosthiazate was better than cadusafos (P = 0.003) and fosthiazate pre-plant+post-plant application reduced nematode population densities as much as 90%. Nematicides increased yield in an average of 23% (11-38%) in May, 39% (2-65%) in June, and 31% (12-46%) for the total (P = 0.085). The residue in the fruit of oriental melon by post-plant treatment of fosthiazate exceeded maximum residue limit of 0.2ppm, while the Cadusafos residue was below the limit. It is concluded that fosthiazate cannot be used as a post-plant treatment in winer-grown oriental melon with overall consideration, i. e., danger of residue, value of melon, costs of nematicide, consumer demand on safer agricultural products, and effects of fallow.

Evaluation of Insecticidal Activity of Plant Extracts against the Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) on Vegetable Plant (배추좀나방(Plutella xylostella)에 대한 식물추출물의 살충력 평가)

  • Choi, I-Jin;Kwon, Hyuk-Hyun;Lee, Han-Ho;Son, Hyoung-Gi;Hong, Sang-Kil;Kang, Jong-Woon;Park, Yu-Soon
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.19-25
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    • 2013
  • This study focused on the usefulness of plant extracts for a city organic farm. Insecticidal activity of 8 plant species, plants crude extracts by ethanol and water, against third instar larvae (susceptible strain) of Plutella xylostella was evaluated in this study. Ethanol(25%) extracts of plant materials had better insecticidal activity than water extracts at the room temperature. Insecticidal activity were investigated by leaf disc spray method. Five plant extracts (Capsicum annuum, Chelidoniun majus, Leonurus sibiricus, Coptis japonica, Mentha piperascens) showed over 50% insecticidal activity to P. xylostella at the concentration of $1500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. Extract of C. annuum showed the highest insecticidal activity (83.3%) against P. xylostella. Phytotoxicity was not observed on Raphanus sativus and Brassica campestris with spray application. Seed germination and growth of two plants were not affected. Extract of C. japonica revealed 73.3% control efficacy against P. xylostella of R. sativus and showed 70% control efficacy against those of B. campestris, respectively, in plastic house. Insecticidal activity against various insects was observed in C. japonica extract as 87.4% for R. sativus and 74.3% for B. campestris in the field. These results suggested that extracts of C. annuum, C. japonica showed the highest insecticidal activity, and could be used as city farm insecticides for organic farming.

Application of Chitosan Preparations for Eco-friendly Control of Potato Late Blight (감자 역병의 친환경 방제를 위한 키토산 제형의 살포)

  • Chang, Taehyun;Kim, Byung Sup
    • Research in Plant Disease
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.338-348
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    • 2012
  • Potato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans Cooke is one of the major diseases in the cultivation of potatoes in Korea. Effect of chitosan preparations (SH-1 and SH-2) was evaluated on the inhibition of mycelial growth of P. infestans, and protective activity using detached potato leaf assay both in vivo and in the field test. SH-1 and SH-2 were showed protective activity of young plant with control values more than 95% potato late blight by inoculation with pathogens under growth chamber conditions. Mycelial growth was inhibited the radial growth over 74% at a concentration of $300{\mu}g/ml$ of both SH-1 and SH-2. Spraying with SH-1 and SH-2 on the leaves for detached leaf assay reduced disease development. The content of total polyphenol in stem was significantly increased by SH-1 and SH-2 application in the field. In field experiments, foliar application with both SH-1 and SH-2 were significantly reduced the development of late blight on potato plants. Control of late blight disease was obtained with control values of 72% and 53% by application of 1% SH-1 and SH-2, respectively, with 4 times at 7 days interval, and reduced with similar disease control values by application with 3 times at 14 days interval compared with untreated control. SH-1 and SH-2 applications increased the fresh weight of potato, and higher grade potatoes were also increased. The results showed that SH-1 and SH-2 applications can be used as eco-friendly natural fungicide for organic farming for the increase of yields and control of late blight.

Effect of High Molecular Weight Chitosan on the Quality and Decay of Strawberry Fruits (고분자 키토산 처리가 딸기 과실의 품질과 부패에 미치는 영향)

  • Hwang, Yong-Soo;Ku, Ja-Hyeong
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.77-86
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    • 2004
  • This study was aimed to determine the effect of high molecular weight chitosan treatment on the decay incidence and fruit quality in strawberries. Preharvest spray of chitosan (0.2%) effectively reduced the incidence of grey mould and increased fruit firmness. Chitosan application was also effective on remaining of surface gloss. This is probably due to coating effect. Physiological disorders were not found in treatment of 4 sprays. Internal quality such as soluble solid content and acidity seemed not to be affected by chitosan application. The effect of chitosan on keeping freshness was clear in fruit without physical damage at harvest, but much less effective in injured fruit. Postharvest application of chitosan did not affect fruit quality. Above results indicated that chitosan is an alternative to keep strawberry quality through delaying decay and keeping firmness.

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Damage of broad mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks), on pepper growth and yield and its chemical control (차먼지응애(Polyphagotarsonemus latus)가 고추의 생육과 수확에 미치는 피해 및 화학적 방제)

  • 조명래;전흥영;라승영;김동순;임명순
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.35 no.4
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    • pp.326-331
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    • 1996
  • To evaluate the damage of broad mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks), on pepper growth and yield, broad mite females were infested on pepper seedlings. In plots infested with 1, 2, and 5 females/plant, pepper growth was significantly reduced after 10 weeks with growth rates of 264, 256, and 177%, respectively, while that of control plot was 337%. Total pepper yields in the plots infested with 1, 2, and 5 females/plant were 443.9, 230. 5, and 103.4 kg/lOa, respectively, which were significantly lower than 1, 197.5 kg/lOa of the control plot. Dicofol EC, Chinomethionat WP, Pyridaben WP, and Pyraclofos WP were effective in controlling the broad mite on pepper showing over 90% mortality by 17 days after application. Although the updated reports on the nationwide occurrence of the broad mite damage on pepper showed that most damages were occurring in greenhouses between October and March, damages were observed in late May in certain locality.

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Damage of Garlic Gall Mite, Aceria tulipae(Keifer), on Stored Garlic and its Chemical Control (저장마늘의 마늘혹응애 피해와 화학적 방제)

  • 나승용;조명래;전응용;오대근;박권우
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.37 no.1
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    • pp.81-89
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    • 1998
  • In a survey on the pests of stored garlic, an unrecorded gall mite in Korea was found to damage on garlic surface making stripe feeding injuries. The mite was identified as Aceria tulipae (Keifer) 1938, based on the morphological characteristics. Light microscopic and SEM observations on garlics fed by A. tulipae revealed that there was no gall formation by feeding but there was only surface damage symptom. The damaged garlic surface showed symptom of losing gloss in the early stage and the feeding traces under dissecting microscope. Brown stripes appeared in the middle stage of damage and the whole scale turned to dark brown and shrank in the later stage. When the mite infested garlics were fumigated with 3 g/m3 aluminium phosphide for 72 hours in airtight plastic boxes (1 m x 1 m x 1 m), the mortalities of mite were over 90% for Namdo garlics.

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Survey and Control of the Occurrence of Mycotoxins from Post-harvest Fruits. II. Detection and Control of the Occurrence of Penicillium Mycotoxins Producing Pathogen in Storaged Fruits (Apple, Pear, Citrus and Grape) (수확 후 과실류에 발생하는 진균독소의 탐색 및 방제 II. 사과, 배, 귤, 포도의 저장중에 발생하는 Penicillium 독소 검출과 방제)

  • Paik, Su-Bong;Chung, Ill-Min;Yu, Seung-Hun;Kim, Eun-Yong
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.49-54
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    • 2000
  • This study was conducted to investigate the major mycotoxins occurred during storage from apple, peat, citrus and grape. Analyses of the mycotoxins were conducted by TLC and HPLC. Patulin was only detected from apple, pear, citrus and grape infected by penicillium mycotoxins, but citrinin did not detected. The detected amount except grape ranged from $5.68{\sim}46.81\;{\mu}g/g$ in apple, $3.48{\sim}84.7\;{\mu}g/g$ in pear, $0.16{\sim}0.27\;{\mu}g/g$ in citrus, respectively. When compared to the effect of control on penicillium mycotoxins during storage in apple, pear and citrus, sodium hypochloride gas and heat at $37^{\circ}C$ treatment exhibited effective control. Especially, heat at $37^{\circ}C$ treatment exhibited 100% effective control without any injuring by treatment. In pear and citrus sodium hypochloride gas treatment caused injury by treatment.

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Effects of Yield and the Grape Growth each of Weed Control Methods on at the Vineyard in Chungbuk Province (충북지역 포도원 잡초방제별 생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Ki-Yeol;Kim, Sun-Kook;Lee, Jae-Woong;Lee, Yun-Sang;Lee, Seok-Ho;Hong, Eu-Yeon;Park, Yong-Seok
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.20-26
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    • 2013
  • This study was carried out of investigate the effect of weed control methods on the growth of 'campbell early' grape at the vineyards which was divided into the 18 zone ($3.5m{\times}5.5m/zone$) in the grape research institute. It's investigated control effects, growth and quantity of grape and dominant weed of July~August by sprayed glufosinate ammonium and paraquat dichloride each 3 times, fabric covering, grass planting (Festuca myuros), mechanical weeding (3 times). The weed showed total of 16 species at the vineyards. Late-May to early growth stage of grape was dominated Chenopodium album and Trifolium repens, but to late growth stage of grape from mid-July was dominated Erigeron canadensis, Echinochloa crus-galli and Chenopodium album. Weed control effect of 10 day after treatment showed fabric covering 100%, grass planting (Festuca myuros L.) 95.3%, mechanical weeding 81.9%, glufosinate ammonium (3 times) 98.1% and paraquat dichloride (3 times) 90.4%, respectively. Growth of grape was higher herbicides treatment and mechanical weeding than others. Yield tended to be higher glufosinate ammonium (3 times) and paraquat dichloride (3 times) each 12.6 kg/tree, 12.3 kg/tree than others.

Weed Control in the Field of Cnidium officinale Makino (일천궁재배지(日川芎裁培地)의 효율적(效率的) 잡초방제(雜草防除) 방법(方法))

  • Kwon, Tae-Young;Jung, Ki-Chai;Park, No-Kwuan;Park, Sun-Do;Choi, Boo-Sull
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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    • v.5 no.4
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    • pp.255-259
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    • 1997
  • The effects of slow-release fertilizer, C. D. U. (cyclo-di-urea), vinyl mulching and herbicides in different combinations were tested for weed control as well as the growth and yield of Cnidium officinale and economics were analyzed. Black vinyl mulching, ethalfluralin EC+white vinyl mulching, and ethalfluralin EC controlled weed completely till 60days after planting. When pendimethalin GR was sprayed more than 4.5kg/10a weed control value was $93.7{\sim}97.3%$, so significant difference was recognized with the recommended application rate (3.0kg/10a).

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Plant Diseases of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) and Their Chemical Control (잇꽃의 식물병 발생양상과 주요 식물병의 약제방제)

  • Park, Kyeng-Seuk;Kim, Jae-Cheol;Choi, Seong-Yong;Park, So-Duk;Lee, Soon-Gu
    • Research in Plant Disease
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.159-166
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    • 2004
  • This study were carried out to identify pathogens and determine the seasonal occurrence and chemical control of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) diseases from 2000 to 2002 in Gyengbuk province, Korea. Major diseases of safflower were, anthracnose caused by Colletotricum acutatum in open field, and gray mold by Botrytis cinerea in rain sheltered plastic house. Other diseases occurred were powdery mildew caused by Sphaerotheca fuliginea, collar rot by Sclerotium rolfsii, leaf spot by Alternaria carthami and A. alternata, rust by Puccinia carthami, root-rot and stem-rot by Phytophthora cactorum, root-rot and wilt by Fusarium oxysporum and damping-off by Pythium ultimum. Seasonal occurrence of anthracnose on safflower has begun from late April, and increased until harvesting, especially rapid increased after rainfall during stem elongation season that is from May to June. In open fields, maximum incidence of anthracnose was 67 % in late July. But in rain-sheltered plastic house, it was very low, about 5% in July. Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea was most important disease in rain-sheltered plastic house cultivation. Maximum incidence of gray mold on floral head was 27.4%, whereas other diseases occurred below 1 %. In the test of the chemical control of the safflower anthracnose, metiram WP, carbendazim$.$kasugamycin WP and iminoctadintris$.$thiram WP were the highest controlling chemicals. In chemical control of gray mold, iminoctadintris$.$thiram WP, fluazinam WP and iprodion WP showed highest controlling effects.