• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 1963

For the studies on the Chemical compositions of Sweet potatoes grown in Korean soil, Suwon No. 118 and Suwon No. 147 were applied as the samples during growing period, and 15 varieties of swee tpotatoes as the samples or comparisons among them. As the results of the studies followings were obtained. Changes of the chemical compositions of root tuber during growing period. 1. Total weights of root tubers and mean weight per root tuber were increased gradually as grew with the values of Suwon No. 147 is higher than that of Suwon No. 18 except the weight of Suwon No. 147 on September 9. 2. The moisture content of the roots were fairy uniform. 3. While the starch contents and crude starch yield in the root tuber were gradually increased with almost parallel as grew except the values of Suwon No. 147 on September 7. were markedly higher. 4. The total weight of the Sweet potatoes per Dan-Bo (about 0.25 acre) showed increased values with Suwon No. 147 is higher than Suwon No. 118 except the unexpected lower weight of Suwon No. 147 on September 9. and the crude starch yield of Suwon No. 147 per Dan-Bo also showed higher values than that of Suwon No. 18 with almost parallel increase of them as they grew. 5. Reducing sugar contents of them showed gradual decreases at earlier stages then increases at latter stages as grew, and total sugar and sucrose of them also showed gradual increases except extremly higher contents of Suwon No. 147 and lower values of Suwon No. 118 on September 9. 6. Total protein and soluble protein contents of them showed that initial and last stages of the growth are in higher values but middle stages are fairy low values with a little changes of difference between total protein, and soluble protein. The comparisons among those varieties. 7. The moisture contents of root tuber varies from 63% to 72% among them. 8. The starch contents of Suwon No. 18 (23.9%) is highest value among them, Ko-Ke No. 14 and Won-Ki successively lower and Dae-Nong No. 45 is the lowest one. Crude starch yield (%) of Ko-Ke No. 14 and Won-Ki successively lower and Dae-Nong No.45 is the lowest one. Crude starch yield (%) of Ko-Ke No. 147 is highest value, Suwon No. 118, Won-Ki are successively lower and Do-Ip is the lowest one. 9. Won-Ki is highest value in reducing sugar content, and Do-Ip No. 2 is lowest one in it. The sucrose content of Chil-Bok is highest and Won-Ki is lowest among them. Soluble total sugar content of Yu-Sim is in highest and Chun-Mi is in lowest value. 10. Total protein content showed that Suwon No. 147 is in highest value and Yu-Sim is in lowest one. On the other hand, soluble protein contents showed that Chil-Bok is in highest value and Yu-Sim is in lowest one.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.10
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• pp.35-40
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• 1969

Various formulae for estimation of spring leaf production in mulberry trees were calculated and obtained. Four varieties of mulberry trees were used as the materials, and four characters, namely branch length (X$_1$), node number (X$_2$), branch diameter (X$_3$) and branch number per stock (X$_4$) were studied. The formulae to estimate the leaf yield of spring mulberry trees are as follows: 1. $Y_1$v$_1$= -26.8939＋50.3950X$_1$＋1.1403X$_2$ $Y_1$v$_2$= -372.1091＋116.6371X$_1$＋0.1984X$_2$ $Y_1$v$_3$= 149.8203＋90.5125X$_1$-0.9775X$_2$ $Y_1$v$_4$= 108, 1496＋59.4533X$_1$＋1.4965X$_2$ Where $Y_1$v$_1$, $Y_1$v$_2$, $Y_1$v$_3$, $Y_1$v$_4$, are showed the estimated yield of the each variety, namely Gaeryang Seuban, Ilchirye, Nosang, and Suwon Sang No. 4, respectively. X$_1$ and X$_2$ denote the measured values of branch length and node number, respectively. 2. $Y_{7}$v$_1$= -54.4411＋32.9869c1.1127X$_2$＋21.7600X$_3$ $Y_{7}$v$_2$= -494.1480-1.8756X$_1$＋0.9788X$_2$＋110.0039X$_3$ $Y_{7}$v$_3$= 143.2836＋29.1779X$_1$＋0.1644X$_2$＋48.4135X$_3$ $Y_{7}$v$_4$= 1243.2549＋1.9454X$_1$＋2.7118X$_2$-75.6669X$_3$ Where $Y_{7}$v$_1$, $Y_{7}$v$_2$, $Y_{7}$v$_3$, $Y_{7}$v$_4$, are the estimated yield of the each variety, namely Gaeryang-Seuban, Ilchirye, Nosang, Suwon Sang No 4, respectively. X$_1$, X$_2$, X$_3$ denote the measured values of each character, branch length, node number, branch diameter and branch number per stock, respectively. 3. $Y_{11}$v$_1$=233.4780＋74.3713X$_1$＋1.2912X$_2$＋39.0420X$_3$-148.9300X$_4$ $Y_{11}$v$_2$=-317.0150＋15.l524X$_1$＋1.0861X$_2$＋156.7973X$_3$-148.3742X$_4$ $Y_{11}$v$_3$=178.7011＋29.8664X$_1$-0.2562X$_2$＋102.4632X$_3$-83.2693X$_4$ $Y_{11}$v$_4$= 264.0062＋47.7742X$_1$＋2.6996X$_2$＋92.8882X$_3$-192.3464X$_4$ Where $Y_{11}$v$_1$, $Y_{11}$v$_2$, $Y_{11}$v$_3$, $Y_{11}$v$_4$, are the estimated yield values of four varieties, and X$_1$, X$_2$, X$_3$, X$_4$, denote the measured values of four characters, namely branch length, node number, branch diameter and branch number per stock, respectively. The estimation method of mulberry spring leaf yield by measurement of some characters, in autumn the year before, could be the better method to determine the leaf yield of mulberry trees without destroying the leaves and without weighting the leaves of mulberry trees than the other methods.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.31-42
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• 2005

Background : Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are a relatively newly recognized, novel family of peroxidases that reduce $H_2O_2$ and alkylhydroperoxide into water and alcohol, respectively. There are 6 known isoforms of Prxs present in human cells. Normally, Prxs exist in a head-to-tail homodimeric state in a reduced form. However, in the presence of excess $H_2O_2$, it can be oxidized on its catalytically active cysteine site into inactive oxidized forms. This study surveyed the types of the Prx isoforms present in the pulmonary epithelial, macrophage, endothelial, and other cell lines and observed their response to oxidative stress. Methods : This study examined the effect of exogenous, excess $H_2O_2$ on the Prxs of established cell lines originating from the pulmonary epithelium, macrophages, and other cell lines, which are known to be exposed to high oxygen partial pressures or are believed to be subject to frequent oxidative stress, using non-reducing SDS polyacrylamide electrophoresis (PAGE) and 2 dimensional electrophoresis. Result : The addition of excess $H_2O_2$ to the culture media of the various cell-lines caused the immediate inactivation of Prxs, as evidenced by their inability to form dimers by a disulfide cross linkage. This was detected as a subsequent shift to its monomeric forms on the non-reducing SDS PAGE. These findings were further confirmed by 2 dimensional electrophoresis and immunoblot analysis by a shift toward a more acidic isoelectric point (pI). However, the subsequent reappearance of the dimeric Prxs with a comparable, corresponding decrease in the monomeric bands was noted on the non-reducing SDS PAGE as early as 30 minutes after the $H_2O_2$ treatment suggesting regeneration after oxidation. The regenerated dimers can again be converted to the inactivated form by a repeated $H_2O_2$ treatment, indicating that the protein is still catalytically active. The recovery of Prxs to the original dimeric state was not inhibited by a pre-treatment with cycloheximide, nor by a pretreatment with inhibitors of protein synthesis, which suggests that the reappearance of dimers occurs via a regeneration process rather than via the de novo synthesis of the active protein. Conclusion : The cells, in general, appeared to be equipped with an established system for regenerating inactivated Prxs, and this system may function as a molecular "on-off switch" in various oxidative signal transduction processes. The same mechanisms might applicable other proteins associated with signal transduction where the active catalytic site cysteines exist.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.203-210
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• 2004

This study was conducted to assessment organic compound and bioassay (density of inhabited animal, fluctuation of predominant fungi, and survival ratio of earthworm) for finding damage on red pepper by heavily amount application of sludges in soil, which was treated with 3 pharmaceutical byproducts and a cosmetic industry wastewater sludge as raw materials of compost, and for establishing estimation method. HEM contents in the soil treated with pharmaceutical byproducts sludge2 (PS2) and cosmetic sludge (CS) were 0.51, 1.10 mg/kg respectively. PAHs content of PS2 treatment in the soil was 3406.8 ug/kg on July 8. In abundance of soil faunas, the pharmaceutical byproducts sludge2 treatment was the most highest. The next was decreased in the order of pig manure (PM) and the cosmetic sludge treatment. However the other pharmaceutical sludge treatments were remarkably reduced populations of soil inhabited animals. In upland soil treated with organic sludges, the numbers of bacteria and fungi of the pharmaceutical sludge treatment were 736, 909 cfu/g and those of the cosmetic sludge treatment were 440, 236 cfu/g, respectively. The pharmaceutical sludge treatments and the cosmetic sludge treatment in identification of predominant bacteria were not any tendency to compare with non fertilizer and pig manure treatments, but they had diverse bacteria than NPK treatment. In microcosm tests, the survival of the tiger earthworm in five soil samples was hardly affected against the soil of PSI (20%) after three months treated in the upland But after six months, survival of PS1 was 80%. At present, raw material of compost was authorized by contents of organic matter, heavy metal (8 elements), and product processing according to 'The specified gist on possible materials of using after analysis and investigation among raw materials of compost', however, for preparing to change regulation of raw material of compost and for considering to possibility of application, this study was conducted to investigate toxic organic compound and bioassay methods using inhabited animal, fungi, and earthworm without current regulation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.189-196
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• 2003

In this study, the vertical opening of the non-float midwater pair trawl net was maintained by controlling the length of upper warp. This was because the head rope was able to be kept linearly and the working depth was not nearly as changed with the variation of flow speed as former experiments in this series of studies have demonstrated. We confirmed that the opening efficiency of the non-float midwater pair trawl net was able to be developed according to the increase in front weight and wing-end weight. In this study, we described the opening efficiency of the non-float midwater pair trawl net according to the variation of front weight and wing-end weight obtained by model experiment in circulation water channel. We compared the opening efficiency of the proto type with that of the non-float type. The results obtained can be summarized as follows：1. The hydrodynamic resistance was almost increased linearly in proportion to the flow speed and was increased in accordance with the increase in front weight and wing-end weight. The increasing rate of hydrodynamic resistance was displayed as an increasing tendency in accordance with the increase in flow speed. 2. The net height of the non-float type was almost decreased linearly in accordance with the increase in flow speed. As the reduced rate of the net height of the non-float type was smaller than that of the net height of the proto type against increase of flow speed, the net height of the non-float type was bigger than that of the proto type over 4.0 knot. The net width of the non-float type was about 10 m bigger than that of the proto type and the change rate of net width varied by no more than 2 m according to the variation of the front weight and wing-end weight. 3. The mouth area of the non-float type was maximized at 1.75 ton of the front weight and 1.11 ton of the wing-end weight, and was smaller than that of the proto type at 2.0∼3.0 knot, but was bigger than that of the proto type at 4.0∼5.0 knot. 4. The filtering volume was maximized at 3.0 knot in the proto type and at 4.0 knot in the non-float type. The optimal front weight was 1.40 ton.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.638-644
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• 2010

A new rice variety 'Haeoreumi' is a japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) with lodging tolerance, resistance to rice stripe virus (RSV) and bacterial leaf blight (BLB), and high grain quality. It was developed by the rice breeding team of Yeongdeog Substation, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA in 2008. This variety was derived from a cross between 'Milyang165' with good grain quality and lodging resistance, and 'Haepyeongbyeo' with wind tolerance in winter season of 2000/2001. A promising line, YR22375-B-B-1, selected by pedigree breeding method, was designated as the name of 'Yeongdeog46' in 2005. 'Yeongdeog46' was released as the name of 'Haeoreumi' in 2008 after the local adaptability test that was carried out at nine locations from 2006 to 2008. 'Haeoreumi' has 74 cm short culm length as and medium maturating growth duration. This variety showed resistance to $K_1,\;K_2$, and $K_3$ races of bacterial blight, and stripe virus and moderate resistant to leaf blast disease with durable resistance, and also has tolerance to unfavorable environment such as cold, dry and cold salty wind. 'Haeoreumi' has translucent and clear milled rice kernel without white core and white belly rice, and good eating quality as a result of panel test. The yield potential of 'Haeoreumi' in milled rice is about 5.58MT/ha at ordinary fertilizer level of local adaptability test. This cultivar would be adaptable to Middle plain, mid-west costal area, and east-south coastal area.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.40-51
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• 2019

Ginseng has a unique production system that is different from those used for other crops. It is subject to the Ginseng Industry Act., requires a long-term cultivation period of 4-6 years, involves complicated cultivation characteristics whereby ginseng is not produced in a single location, and many ginseng farmers engage in mixed-farming. Therefore, to bring the production of Ginseng in line with GAP standards, it is necessary to better understand the on-site practices of Ginseng farmers according to established control points, and to provide a proper action plan for improving efficiency. Among ginseng farmers in Korea who applied for GAP certification, 77.6% obtained it, which is lower than the 94.1% of farmers who obtained certification for other products. 13.7% of the applicants were judged to be unsuitable during document review due to their use of unregistered pesticides and soil heavy metals. Another 8.7% of applicants failed to obtain certification due to inadequate management results. This is a considerably higher rate of failure than the 5.3% incompatibility of document inspection and 0.6% incompatibility of on-site inspection, which suggests that it is relatively more difficult to obtain GAP certification for ginseng farming than for other crops. Ginseng farmers were given an average of 2.65 points out of 10 essential control points and a total 72 control points, which was slightly lower than the 2.81 points obtained for other crops. In particular, ginseng farmers were given an average of 1.96 points in the evaluation of compliance with the safe use standards for pesticides, which was much lower than the average of 2.95 points for other crops. Therefore, it is necessary to train ginseng farmers to comply with the safe use of pesticides. In the other essential control points, the ginseng farmers were rated at an average of 2.33 points, lower than the 2.58 points given for other crops. Several other areas of compliance in which the ginseng farmers also rated low in comparison to other crops were found. These inclued record keeping over 1 year, record of pesticide use, pesticide storages, posts harvest storage management, hand washing before and after work, hygiene related to work clothing, training of workers safety and hygiene, and written plan of hazard management. Also, among the total 72 control points, there are 12 control points (10 required, 2 recommended) that do not apply to ginseng. Therefore, it is considered inappropriate to conduct an effective evaluation of the ginseng production process based on the existing certification standards. In conclusion, differentiated certification standards are needed to expand GAP certification for ginseng farmers, and it is also necessary to develop programs that can be implemented in a more systematic and field-oriented manner to provide the farmers with proper GAP management education.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.415-422
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• 2009

Effect of soil salinity variation on the growth of barley, rye and oat was studied at the Hwaong, Iweon and Yeongsangang reclaimed lands in the western seaside of Korea. Soil salinity variation and soil EC were very high for crops to be killed or to be brought serious growth retardation during the growing season at the Iweon and Hwaong reclaimed lands, but fully low not to bring growth retardation at the Yeongsangang reclaimed land. Relation between soil salinity and crop growth and yield was well expressed as logarithmic function. Surface soil EC to reach at 50% of seed-emergence reduction was estimated $6.5dS\;m^{-1}$ for barley and $5.1dS\;m^{-1}$ for rye and oat by logarithmic function. In addition, surface soil EC to reach at 50% of grain yield reduction to the best growth in the experimental site was estimated $5.6dS\;m^{-1}$ for barley, $5.8dS\;m^{-1}$ for rye and $5.7dS\;m^{-1}$ for oat, while soil EC to reach at 50% of dry matter reduction was estimated $5.5dS\;m^{-1}$ for barley, $6.2dS\;m^{-1}$ for rye and $5.8dS\;m^{-1}$ for oat by logarithmic function. Grain yield of barley, rye and oat was 395, 164 and $325kg\;10a^{-1}$ in the Yeongsangang reclaimed lands naturally controlled below condition of $6dS\;m^{-1}$ of soil EC, but no harvest was obtained in the Hwaong and Iweon reclaimed land because of high salinity more than $15dS\;m^{-1}$ in maximum soil EC during growing period. Consequentially, it was concluded that soil salinity must be controlled below $6dS\;m^{-1}$ for good growth and high yield of winter barley, rye and oat in the reclaimed land in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.67-77
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate an effects on ago-chemical alternative materials such as the wood vinegar, a lactic acid bacteria serum, the fermented plant juice, the brown rice vinegar and a Chitosan used for amount and qualities of fruits and to examine the pest protection efficiency for their uses in the apple and pear orchard farms. An apple yields in the orchard cultivated with using the ago-chemical alternative materials without appling the fertilizer and pesticides were decreased at 56% relative to the conventional farming practice method. Also, it was indicated that there was difficult to produce the fruits with marketability because the small sizes of fruits were produced. For the quality of fruits, the brix of apple produced in the orchard cultivated with using the ago-chemical alternative materials was similar, but Vitamin C content was greater than that of the conventional farming practice method. As a results of treating with the wood vinegar, a lactic acid bacteria serum, the fermented plant juice, the brown rice vinegar and a Chitosan instead of applying pesticides, the fruit disease in the Chitosan treatment was a little decreased, but was great occurred in the other treatments compared with the conventional farming practice mehod. However, it observed that brix and Vitamin C content of apple produced in the Chitosan, brown rice vinegar, fermented plan juice and fish amino acid treatments and in the Chitosan, brown rice vinegar, charcoal power and peat moss treatments were greater than those of the conventional farming practice method, respectively. Over all, it considered that there was very difficult to manage the orchard depended on the ago-chemical alternative materials without appling the chemical fertilizer and pesticides in the apple orchard, but it might be proper to use the ago-chemical alternative materials as an auxiliary means to decrease the appling amount of chemical fertilizer and pesticides. Furthermore, the general effects on the ago-chemical alternative materials to the perennial fruits should be investigated with considering the changes of soil fertility, soil microbial status and natural enemy creatures after treating them for a long time.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.248-252
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• 2012

To evaluate the possibility of water plant wastes in composting for agricultural recycling, Phragmites communis (PHRCO), Typha orientalis (TYHOR) and Zizania latifolia (ZIZLA) were used as a compost materials. In composting basin, cumulative oxygen consumptions of the compost used by water plant wastes were rapidly increased at the early stage and slightly decreased in around 15 days. Cumulative oxygen consumptions under different water plant wastes were higher in the order of TYHOR > ZIZLA > PHRCO. Temperature changes during composting process were rapidly increased at the early stage and then slowly decreased to $30{\sim}40^{\circ}C$. The maximum temperatures were higher in the order of ZIZLA ($72.2^{\circ}C$ at 11 days after starting composting) > TYHOR ($70.2^{\circ}C$ at 10 days after starting composting) > PHRCO ($66.5^{\circ}C$ at 7 days after starting composting). Oxygen consumptions at maximum temperature were higher in the order of TYHOR ($12,485mg\;O_2\;kg^{-1}$) > ZIZLA ($12,400mg\;O_2\;kg^{-1}$) > PHRCO ($9,340mg\;O_2\;kg^{-1}$). Organic matter contents, moisture contents and OM/N rates in the compost ranged 39.5~44.8%, 29.6~35.6% and 27.9~32.9, respectively. Considering that water plant waste can supply some of the nutrient requirements of crops and is a valuable fertilizer.