• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.107-126
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• 2014

The core of the neoclassical growth theory is the capital investment. Solow proposed that the diminishing return is key to such growth process in establishing the stability of the equilibrium growth path. This key postulation has critical implications on the sustainable and effective development policies, emphasizing the importance of productivity growth not only for the steady-state growth but also for the transitional growth from capital accumulation. This paper suggests a novel way to test the diminishing return, the backbone assumption of Solow model, and confirms its strong presence using the Penn World Tables version 8.0 data, hence validates Solow's implications on effective development policies.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.299-319
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• 2010

This thesis analyzed that which countries won the Olympic medals more efficiently at the Olympic Games. Unlike the previous studies, I measured efficiency under the CRS, found implications for investment to improve sports skills through understanding the characteristics of sports race. A methods for research is a DEA-based approach which measures efficiency by using the data only, not assuming the parameters. The inputs are total population and GDP, the output is Olympic medals at 2004 Athens Olympic Games and 2006 Turin Winter Olympic Games. I applied different weights based on the medal colors. The results showed the tendencies that the larger the scales of total population and GDP were, the lower efficient values were. These tendencies imply that sports skills are related with the law of diminishing returns and international convergence. According to these phenomenons, surging investments for sports performance are hard to get proper justification. In the case of limited resources, investing uniformly in various sport entries is more productive than in just one or two sport entries.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Information Management Conference
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• 1995.08a
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• pp.105-108
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• 1995

본 연구는 이동도서관에서 집중적으로 많이 이용되는 도서의 특성을 조사하고 이용자의 유형을 조사하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 얻은 결론은 도서 대출 분포는 브랫포드의 분산법칙, 지프의 법칙같은 현상이 존재한다는 것이다. 즉, 대출 횟수의 약 80%가 장서의 약 30%이내에서 오며 도서 대출 경향에서 수확 체감 현상이 나타났다. 그리고, 도서의 내용, 출판 후 경과 년수, 대출 경과 일수, 인구학적 특성이 장서의 이용에 영향을 준다. 즉, 아동 도서, 한국 소설, 외국 소설 순으로 많이 대출되며 출판 후 경과년수가 5-6년 이내의 도서가 핵심 도서이며 출판 후 경과년수가 짧은 도서일수록 대출횟수가 많다. 그러나, 아동 도서, 한국 소설, 외국 소설이 대출 횟수는 많지만 도서 이용가치수명은 기타 도서의 1/2에 불과하다. 대출 도서의 대부분(80%)은 6주이내에 최종 대출되며 이용자는 여자가 30, 40대가, 가정주부가, 고졸이상이 많이 이용한다.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.153-169
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• 2008

This paper examines the recently empirical test for the two types of endogenous growth models, which one is more fitted to real data. We adopt the non-stationary panel data methodologies for seeking empirical implication by using productivity and R&D data in the OECD over the past two decades. The Empirical tests show that there is a robust relationship Total Factor Productivity and R&D variables implied by semi-endogenous growth model. The relationship suggested by fully endogenous growth theory, however, is sensitive to R&D variables. Therefore, the estimation results provide empirical evidence in favour of endogenous growth theory of R&D expenditure role for sustaining economic growth. The sustained Total Factor Productivity, however, is maintained by more increasing R&D inputs for overcoming diminishing return to R&D efforts.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.691-726
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• 2013

We develop a hybrid model which allows the change in electricity generation mix by adding the electricity-sector components of bottom-up model to the conventional CGE model. The electricity sector is represented as a sum of separate generation technologies, each of which has the form of DRTS (Decreasing Returns to Scale) production function, unlike the conventional CGE model. We compare the effects of the 30% emission reduction target using the hybrid model with those using the conventional CGE model. The cost of meeting the target is lower with the hybrid model than the conventional CGE. It is consistent with previous studies in that adding the bottom-up components to the top-down model reduces the cost of emission reduction. In an extra analysis we find that an additional regulation like RPS (Renewable Portfolio Standard) increases the cost.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.179-179
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• 2021

가뭄은 농작물 수확량 및 농업생산시스템에 영향을 주는 등 농업분야의 주요 문제이며 이는 피해를 야기하므로 농업가뭄의 대안 마련 및 모니터링이 필요한 실정이다. 농업현장에서의 용수공급의 경우 기상학적 가뭄이 발생하더라도 농업용 수리시설물에 의한 농업용수 공급이 가능하여 기상학적 가뭄과 농업현장에서 체감하는 가뭄은 상이하다. 따라서 농업가뭄 피해를 최소화하기 위해서는 농업현장에 직접적인 영향을 주는 농업용 수리시설물의 관리는 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 국내 100만톤 이상의 농업용 저수지 중 시범지역을 선정하여 2017년의 일별 저수율을 정규화한 후 미국국립가뭄경감센터 (National Drought Mitigation Center, NDMC)에서 가뭄을 모니터링하는데 사용하는 Percentile을 활용하여 농업용 저수지의 관리기준을 제시하고자 한다. Percentile을 활용하여 저수율 기준을 관심, 주의, 경계, 심각 수준으로 분류하고 당해 저수율의 단계별 빈도를 파악하고자 한다. 그 후 표준강수지수(Standrad Precipitation Index, SPI)를 활용한 2017년 가뭄의 공간분포와 2017년 저수율 관리기준 빈도에 따른 공간분포를 구축하여 비교 분석 해보고자 한다. 본 연구는 농업가뭄 모니터링을 위한 정책 마련에 활용될 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.454-490
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• 2018

This paper examined the nonlinear relationships between external knowledge sources and the innovation performance of SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises). Using 3,218 firm-year panel data in South Korea, this study found that increasing the number of external knowledge channels out of the value chain increases radical innovation. Meanwhile, increasing the number of external knowledge channels within the value chain increases the incremental innovation. Further, the external sources of knowledge both out of and in the value chain had inverted U-shaped relationships on radical and incremental innovation respectively. This finding implies that a mechanism of diminishing returns works in the relationship between the external sources of knowledge and innovation. The study also identified the synergistic effects between the external sources of knowledge out of the value chain and within the value chain, and confirmed that the synergistic effects strengthen the linear mechanism between the external sources of knowledge and innovation. In addition, this study found that the sources of knowledge both out of and within the value chain positively moderate the relationships between R&D investment and radical innovation of SMEs.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.304-312
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• 2004

Early harvested Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu) was treated with hot air at 45$^{\circ}C$ for 2, 4, and 6 hours and stored at 5$^{\circ}C$ for 3 weeks and additional one week at 18$^{\circ}C$ (simulated shelf-life) in order to examine the effect of mild heat treatment on the storage quality of the citrus fruits. Quality attributes of the sample fruits evaluated during storage included the respiration rate, internal gas composition, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids content, flesh weight loss, firmness, peel color, decay ratio, and sensory properties. The initial respiration rates, just after hot air treatment, were significantly higher in the heat-treated fruits compared to the untreated. However, during storage at 5$^{\circ}C$, the respiration rates showed a similar level in all treatments. Internal gas composition exhibited no significant difference between the heat-treated and untreated samples. Hot air treatment also exerted no significant effects on the pH, titratable acidity, soluble solid contents, flesh weight loss, firmness, and peel color of the fruits during the whole storage period. The decay ratio was manifestly lower in the heat-treated fruits than the untreated. For sensory attributes including visual and organoleptic quality, no significant difference was observed among sample fruits. Results suggested that mild heat treatment with hot air at 45$^{\circ}C$ for 4-6 hours could be used as an effective preconditioning method to keep the postharvest quality of Satsuma mandarin by reducing the decay incidence remarkably during storage.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.47-72
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• 2007

Ideas do not become exhausted, and there are no diminishing returns in the creation of knowledge. Nonetheless, growth ultimately ceases in this simplest model of endogeneous innovation. The reasons are similar to those that are discussed in the context of the neoclassical model of capital accumulation. Even if the resource cost of creating new goods does not rise, the economic return to invention may decline as the number of available products increases. When the rate of return to R&D falls to the level of the discount rate, private agents cease to be willing to defer consumption in order to invest in product development. But, if we treat knowledge capital as a public capital considering of its non-appropriable benefits, economic growth can be sustained in the economy. Romer(1986) has pointed out that growth might be sustainable if the accumulation of knowledge is not subject to long-run diminishing returns. Actually Romer assumed diminishing returns in the production of private knowledge from available resources, but increasing returns in the production of output from labor and total (public and private) knowledge. His condition for the sustainability of long-run growth amounts to an assumption that the diminishing returns in the former activity do not outweigh the increasing returns in the latter. The Johansen(1988) cointegration test method is used for finding long-run equilibrium relationship between R&D input and the product innovation. Test results indicate the existence of cointegrating equation between each pair of regression variables including dependent variable in the knowledge production function. And, the signs of cointegrating vectors are well accord to the prediction of sustainable growth. In the empirical analysis, from all cases of the form for the knowledge production function, we could not reject the null hypothesis that R&D spillover effect is significant($H_{0}:\;{\gamma}=1$). In summary, we showed that considering goodness of fit of regression model, we can see that the empirical evidence is strongly in favor of the character of knowledge as the public knowledge capital. So, we can expect that by product innovation, economic growth can be sustained in the Korean economy.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.340-347
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• 2012

In Korea, the game software and service industry is the core cultural industry from it's significant academic and policy. However, recent growth is slowing down because of increasing competition in the industry. In other words, most of the companies growth have reached limit caused by focusing only on short-term revenue-generating management, Therefore, the game software and service companies are needed to emphasize strategic planning of R&D and product development based on the long-term perspective. The purpose of this analysis is to measure the efficiency of management by data envelopment analysis(DEA), using data from 20 companies in the game software and service industry. Input variances are number of labor, total asset, and total investment and output variances are total sale and enterprise value. The results are followings: First, There was a different efficiency between the companies in the game software and service industry. The eight companies was inefficiency. Second, six inefficiency companies were excessive number of the employees and investment assets. third, four companies were CRS, five companies were IRS and eleven companies were DRS. From the result, five companies have to increase the scale of input variance and eleven companies also have to improve efficiency of input variance.