• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.571-575
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• 2010

Mutation testing is known as a very useful technique for measuring the effectiveness of a test data set and finding weak points of the test set. An equivalent mutant degrades the effectiveness of mutation testing. Elimination of equivalent mutants is a very important problem in mutation testing.In this paper, we proposed kinds of methods for detecting class-level equivalent mutants. These methods judge the equivalency of mutants through structural informations and behavioral information of the original program and mutants using static analysis. We found that our approach can detect not a few of equivalent mutants and expected that the cost of mutation testing can be saved considerably.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.230-239
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• 2002

This study was performed to analyze the secondary students' perceptions and self-efficacy of performance assessments in the science subject. The data was obtained from 236 middle school students and 222 high school students in seoul. The students had generally proper understanding about characteristics of performance assessment which include purposes of assessment and differences from other conventional achievement assessments. They responded that the performance assessments were not useful in their science learning and developing their potential abilities. They were not satisfied with reliability and validity of the performance assessments. The middle school students more positively responded than high school students regarding the reliability of the scoring system and the originality of the evaluating materials. The female students more positively thought than males about the reliability of assessment and the usefulness for learning science. The students' self-efficacy level of performance assessment were not low in comparison with another existing assessments. They had high level of self-efficacy in understanding of experimental procedures, and utilizing of experimental apparatuses, but had low level of self-efficacy in understanding purposes of experiments or issues of discussions, processing of experimental results, answering of problems in experimental discussions. The female students' self-efficacy of performance assessment were higher than male students'. There was statistically correlated with females' scores and their level of self-efficacy of performance assessment.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.193-221
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• 2007

This study explored the efficient hierarchical data structure of mobile interfaces. The first experiment demonstrated the effects of grouping(clear/unclear), depth level(2/3/5), and the number of items(32/64/128) on the search time and the number of errors. The results indicated that participants spent less time and made fewer errors to perform the task when the clear mobile interfaces, low depth level, and fewer items were provided. In addition, the results indicated that there were no effects of the depth level and the number of items on the search time and number of errors in clear mobile interfaces conditions. As depth level and the number of items changed, on the other hand, participants spent longer time to complete the task and made more mistakes in unclear mobile interfaces conditions. The second experiment investigated the effects of grouping(clear/unclear), the number of items(32/64/128), and spacial cues(colors/ windows/ number of cues) on search time and the number of errors in hierarchical data structures which had five depth levels. The results indicated that participants spent less time to complete the task and made less errors in a mobile interface when grouping is clear and the number of items are fewer. The results were identical with the first experiments. In addition, the main effect of spacial cues indicated that providing spacial cues via pictures and numbers can be helpful to reduce errors in search behaviors.

• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.438-443
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• 1998

최근 멀티미디어 응용 기술을 기반한 컴퓨터 교육 매체 개발이 활발히 진행되어 왔다. 본 연구에서 수준별 개별 학습으로 학습 효과를 극대화하기 위한 지능형 멀티미디어 교습 시스템(IMTS)을 제안한다. 제안하는 시스템은 활발한 상호작용으로 학습자의 상태를 진단하고, 개별 학습자 수준을 고려한 동적인 학습 과정을 능동적으로 수립하면서 교습 활동을 전개해 나간다. 제안하는 시스템은 다양한 학습자 수준과 상태에 따른 적응적 교습 과정을 수행하기 위하여 학습자 모델을 유지 관리한다. 그리고 다수의 학습자를 위한 원격 교습 과정을 수행하기 위하여 학습자 모델을 유지 관리한다. 그리고 다수의 학습자를 위한 원격 교습 시스템을 효율적으로 운영하기 위하여 교습 과정에 필요한 모든 모듈을 에이전트로 대체하여 클라이언트/서버 환경에서 교습 활동을 효율적으로 수행하도록 설계하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.1031-1034
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 커널수준의 침입탐지를 위한 동적 침입탐지 규칙 변경 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 기법은 침입탐지 규칙은 규칙타입 프로토콜 타입, 패킷 헤더와 패킷 페이로드에 대한 검사를 수행하기 위한 규칙들로 세분화하여 LVR로 표현하고 이들 LVR이 계층적으로 구성된 IDRL로 관리한다. 침입탐지는 IDRL을 이용하여 수행하며, 규칙에 대한 변경은 변경된 규칙에 대한 LVR을 구성하고 LV를 이용한 포인터 변경을 이용하여 IDRL에 반영하는 방법이다. 제안하는 기법은 IDRL을 이용한 침입탐지와 탐지규칙의 변경을 IDRL에 최소한의 비용으로 수행하고, LVR을 이용하여 침입탐지 규칙을 디스크와 메모리에 동일한 형태로 저장 및 관리하여 탐지규칙 초기화 비용과 변경 비용을 최소화할 수 있다. 이를 통하여 보다 안전한 커널 수준에서의 네트워크 보안을 위한 효율적인 동적 침입탐지 규칙 변경을 지원할 수 있다는 장점을 가진다.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.173-184
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• 2023

Presently, the general seismic fragility evaluation method for a bridge system composed of member elements with different nonlinear behaviors against strong earthquakes has been to evaluate at the element-level. This study aims to develop a system-level seismic fragility evaluation method that represents a structural system. Because the seismic behavior of bridges is generally divided into transverse and longitudinal directions, this study evaluated the system-level seismic fragility in both directions separately. The element-level seismic fragility evaluation in the longitudinal direction was performed for piers, bridge bearings, pounding, abutments, and unseating. Because pounding, abutment, and unseating do not affect the transverse directional damages, the element-level seismic fragility evaluation was limited to piers and bridge bearings. Seismic analysis using nonlinear models of various structural members was performed using the OpenSEES program. System-level seismic fragility was evaluated assuming that damage between element-levels was serially connected. Pier damage was identified to have a dominant effect on system-level seismic fragility than other element-level damages. In other words, the most vulnerable element-level seismic fragility has the most dominant effect on the system-level seismic fragility.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.137-161
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• 2009

In an effort to identify predictors of job performance, research studies in social work administration has been so far on the individual practitioners' levels of knowledge and skills, which could be used in a workplace. As the theoretical concept of organizational environment was fully introduced into social work administration research, however, studies on practitioners' job performance began to have interest in the team or the organizational level variables as well as individual level variables. Along the course of this tendency, this study attempted to test the effect of individual, team, and organizational level variables on the job performance of human service workers. The individual level variables consisted of knowledge, skills, job satisfaction, personality, and counter-productive work behaviors of workers. The team or the organizational level variables included situational constraint, organizational justice, job characteristics, government-dependency, and inter-organizational cooperation. Multi-level complex survey data collected by cluster sampling method from 314 practitioners in 23 organizations were analyzed using Hierarchial Linear Model. Results showed that both task and contextual performance were affected by individual, team, and organizational level variables in various ways.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.51-60
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• 2018

This study would like to know the relationship among interpersonal competency based self-understanding and acceptance of others, self leadership, stress-coping and military adjustment. For this, 1289 military trainee in the army training station were surveyed. In results, The first, the acceptance of others did not have a significant effect on the perform-will, but had a significant effect on the job satisfaction and self leadership. The self-understanding had a significant effect on perform-will, job satisfaction and self leadership. The second, self leadership mediated between interpersonal competency and military adjustment. The third, in case of the perform-will, the moderating effect was showed in self leadership when the stress coping level was high. But in case of the job satisfaction, it was showed in both high group and low. Implications of this study is that the interpersonal competency based self-understanding and acceptance of others, self leadership and stress coping can be the positive potential variables on the military adjustment.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2001

The levels of sanitary management procedures in university and industry foodservices, in pusan, were investigated. The questionnaires were administed to ninety three dietitians who managed university (n=21) and industry (n=72) foodservices and then the data were statistically analyzed. When sanitary management procedures were evaluated by 5 scales method of Likers, total mean scores of time-temperature management in the process of meal production, personal hygiene, equipments and facilities hygiene in university and industry foodseryice operations were 3.48, 3.76 and 3.27, repectively. In time-temperature management, the scores for storage, purchasing and receiving, pre-preparation, cooking, assembly and service, and hot or cold holding were 3.77, 3.74, 3.55, 3.54, 3.28, 3.05, respectively, in descending order. The management levels for personal hygiene, equipments and facilities hygiene of foodservices had biger serving scale (over 901) were significnatly higher than those of lower sclaled foodservices(below 900). The scores of foodservices managed by higher aged dietitian(over 31 years) were significantly higher than those of foodservices conducted by lower aged group(below 25 years) in the management procedures of time-temperature, personal hygiene, equipments and facilities hygiene(p<0.05). The dietitian group had the regular sanitary education showed significantly higher scores than irregularly educated group in the management of time-temperature and personal hygiene.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1990.11a
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• pp.49-56
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• 1990

기술개발의 근원인 사고활동을 효과적으로 수행하고, 고도 정보화사회에 대응하는 국가의 지적영역을 확보하기 위해 모든 기술적 개념을 어휘 수준, 구문 수준, 의미수준에서 모국어를 확충 발전시키는 것이 기술 용어의 국어화 과제이다.