• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.10 no.5
• /
• pp.403-408
• /
• 2002

We prepared extracts from bark, leaf and fruit of Sorbus commixta Hedl using by water and ethanol. To test for mutagenicity and antimutagenicity on extracts, we used Rec assay and Ames test. The result of Rec assay, the extracts of the Sorbus commixta Hedl did not show a DNA-damage activity. The results of Ames test were provided that extracts of Sorbus commixta Hedl showed $43{\sim}73\;%$ antimutagenic activities. In the inhibition ratio of the growth of several human cancer cells (A549, HepG2, MCF7), 91% of MCF7 cell growth, 94% of A549 cell growth and 91% HepG2 cell growth were inhibited by adding 1mg/ml of fruit ethanol extracts, bark ethanol extracts and fruit ethanol extracts, respectively. There was a little cytotoxicity on human normal hephatocyte (WRL68), extracts(1mg/ml) showed over the 70% survival.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2003.03a
• /
• pp.63-63
• /
• 2003

플라즈마 공정은 DRAM, 이종접합 양극성 트랜지스터(HBTs), 레이저, 평면도파로(planar lightwave circuit)와 같은 전자소자 및 광조자 제작에 있어서 핵심 공정중의 하나이다. 최근 미세 구조의 크기가 극도로 감소하게 됨에 따라 실제 소작 제작에 있어서 미세한 모양을 식각하는 공정이 매우 중요하게 되었다. 그 중에서 고밀도 유도결합 플라즈마(high density inductively coupled plasma)를 이용한 기술은 빠르고 정확한 식각률, 우수한 식각 균일도와 높은 재현성 때문에 습식식각 기술보다 선호되고 있다. 본 연구는 평판형(planar) 고밀도 유도결합 플라즈마 식각장치를 이용하여 BCl$_3$와 BCl$_3$/Ar 플라즈마에 따른 AlGaAs/GaAs의 식각결과를 비교 분석하였다. 공정 변수는 ICP 소스(source power)파워, RIE 척(chuck) 파워, 공정 압력, 그리고 Ar 조성비(0-100%)이었다. BCl$_3$에 Ar을 첨가하게 되면 순수한 BCl$_3$ 플라즈마에서의 AlGaAs/GaAs 식각률(> 3000 $\AA$/min) 보다 분당 약 1000$\AA$ 이상 높은 식각률(>4000 $\AA$/min)을 나타내었다. 이 결과는 Ar 플라즈마의 이온보조(ion-assisted)가 식각률 증가에 기인한다고 예측된다. 그리고 전자주사 현미경(SEM)과 원자력간 현미경(AFM)을 사용하여 식각 후 표면 거칠기 및 수직 측벽도 둥을 분석하였다. 마지막으로 XPS를 이용하여 식각된 후에 표면에 남아 있는 잔류 성분 분석을 연구하였다. 본 결과를 종합하면 BCl$_3$에 기초한 평판형 유도결합 플라즈마는 AlGaAs/GaAs 구조의 식각시 많은 우수한 특성을 보여주었다.79$\ell/\textrm{cm}^3$, 0.016$\ell/\textrm{cm}^3$, 혼합재료 2는 0.045$\ell/\textrm{cm}^3$, 0.014$\ell/\textrm{cm}^3$, 혼합재료 3은 0.123$\ell/\textrm{cm}^3$, 0.017$\ell/\textrm{cm}^3$, 혼합재료 4는 0.055$\ell/\textrm{cm}^3$, 0.016$\ell/\textrm{cm}^3$, 혼합재료 5는 0.031$\ell/\textrm{cm}^3$, 0.015$\ell/\textrm{cm}^3$, 혼합재료 6은 0.111$\ell/\textrm{cm}^3$, 0.020$\ell/\textrm{cm}^3$로 나타났다. 3. 단일재료의 악취흡착성능 실험결과 암모니아는 코코넛, 소나무수피, 왕겨에서 흡착능력이 우수하게 나타났으며, 황화수소는 펄라이트, 왕겨, 소나무수피에서 다른 재료에 비하여 상대적으로 우수한 것으로 나타났으며, 혼합충진재는 암모니아의 경우 코코넛과 펄라이트의 비율이 70%:30%인 혼합재료 3번과 소나무수피와 펄라이트의 비율이 70%:30%인 혼합재료 6번에서 다른 혼합재료에 비하여 우수한 것으로 나타났으며, 황화수소의 경우 혼합재료에 따라 약간의 차이를 보였다. 4. 코코넛과 소나무수피의 경우 암모니아가스에 대한 흡착성능은 거의 비슷한 것으로 사료되며, 코코넛의 경우 전량을 수입에 의존하고 있다는 점에서 국내 조달이 용이하며, 구입 비용도 적게 소요되는 소나무수피를 사용하는 것이 경제적이라고 사료된다. 5. 마지막으로 악취제거 미생물균주를 접종한 소나무수피 70%와 펄라이트 30%의 혼합재료를 24시간동안 장기간 운전

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.79-86
• /
• 2011

Three bark extracts of Albizia julibrissin were prepared using water (AW), 70% (v/v) ethanol (AE), and hot water (AHW). Organic solvent fractions were analyzed for total flavonoids and polyphenols, antioxidant activities, and inhibitory activities against xanthine oxidase. Total flavonoid and polyphenol contents of the AHW extract were 8.57 mg/g and 108.67 mg/g, respectively. The SOD-like activities of all extracts, assayed at 1.0 mg/mL, were 10.46-16.73%. The nitrite-scavenging ability of the AHW extract, assayed at pH 1.2, was 60.82%, and the $IC_{50}$ value was $770.18\;{\mu}g$/mL. The electron-donating ability of the AHW extract, at 0.3 mg/mL, was 92.30%; the $IC_{50}$ values of the AW and AHW extracts were $31.31\;{\mu}g$/mL and $36.22\;{\mu}g$/mL, respectively; thus higher than that of ascorbic acid ($39.06\;{\mu}g$/mL). Xanthine oxidase inhibition by the AHW extract, at 1.0 mg/mL, was 94.05%. These results indicate that the AHW of A. julibrissin has potential as a natural antioxidant, for addition to foods and nutraceuticals.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.38 no.6
• /
• pp.579-586
• /
• 2010

This study was carried out to evaluate the antifungal and antioxidative activities of ethanol extracts from Magnoliaceae to investigate the possibility for the natural fungicides and food preservatives. The antifungal activities of ethanol extracts were evaluated as a hyphal growth inhibition rate using four plant pathogenic and five wood rot fungi. The high inhibition activity on the growth of fungi was shown in bark of Magnolia obovata that indicated more than 50% hyphal growth inhibition rate except Trametes versicolor, one of the white rot fungi. The antifungal activity was the highest in the ethanol extracts from M. obovata and the following was in order of M. kobus and M. sieboldii. The extract from bark in M. obovata showed higher antifungal activity than that from wood in the same species. Especially, the extracts from flower of M. denudata and M. liliflora indicated the high antifungal activities, while the other portions of same plants showed the low activities. On the other hand, a free radical scavenging method was adopted with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrohydrazyl (DPPH) in order to test the antioxidative activities of ethanol extracts. The free radical scavenging activity was very high in the extracts from branch of Schizandra nigra and Kadsura japonica that showed more than 90% at the concentration of 100 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$. It also turned out that the antioxidative activity of branch of S. nigra and K. japonica was similar to ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and butylated hydroxytoluene, one of the effective synthetic antioxidants. From these results, it can be suggested that the branches of S. nigra and K. japonica have the positive antioxidative activities and can be applied for the food preservatives and cosmetic ingredient.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.24 no.2 s.77
• /
• pp.93-103
• /
• 1996

In order to find out effect on the inorganic and organic compounds as a soil amendment to control Fusarium wilt of cucumber caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum, this study was conducted during the last two years from 1993 to 1995. According to add 14 inorganic chemicals (1%, w/v) including $Al_2(SO_4)_3$ individually in vitro, these chemicals were confirmed their suppression, and especially Alum, CaO and $Al_2(SO_4)_3$ suppressed not only $20.9{\sim}25.0$ percent on mycelial growth of the fungus, but also inhibited $72.8{\sim}97%$ on conidial germination. $Ca(NO_3)_2$ suppressed mycelial growth only, while KCl, $K_2SO_4,\;NH_4NO_3$, and Urea suppressed conidial germination. The 7 chemicals were finally seleced. Composted pine bark (CPB) suppressed definely more than 90% on conidial germination in the different extract concentration (2,5 and 10%), although mycelial growth on extract medium of CPB and milled alfalfa leaves (MAL) were not remarkable. The antagonist Trichoderma sp. (Tr-3) mixed with an amended soil (1%, w/w) containing composted pine bark showed a good mycelial growth to compete the causal fungus. And the antagonist Pseudomonas sp. (7-1-3) was also confirmed its antagonistic ability with culture filterate. It is known that a CPB soil amendment mixed with the two antagonists (1%, w/w) controlled almost completely Fusarium wilt of cucumber in greenhouse pots and a field experiment. It is therefore expected that biocontrol on Fusarium wilt of cucumber by a soil amendment can be applied to farmmer's fields.

• Journal of Conservation Science
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.135-143
• /
• 2021

Conservation treatment that involved filling the lifting parts of wooden cultural heritage is carried out by obtaining wood or wood powder of the same species and mixing it with synthetic resin or natural glue to charge the blank area. Various concentrations and mixing ratios of adhesives and additives are used, depending on the type and condition of the target. Accordingly, in this study, we determined the conditions of the filler suitable for conservation treatment of wooden sculptures with lifted or separated bark in the National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art. The optimal filler conditions for each adhesive were selected based on drying speed, shrinkage and expansion rates, and physical deformation degree. Then, to verify their actual applicability, these fillers were applied to wood and exposed to high-humidity environment and their cross-sections were observed. The fillers showed stable application in the following order: animal glue, PVAc adhesive, acrylic adhesive. In conclusion, a 1:2 mixture of animal glue and wood powder is a suitable filler for conservation treatment of wooden sculpture with lifted bark. The results of this study suggest appropriate ways to stabilize the bark that was lifted or separated from a wooden sculpture, thus enabling the future conservation treatment of the artworks under similar conditions.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
• /
• 1998.04b
• /
• pp.743-746
• /
• 1998

Pine bark waste was delignified with various sulfite liquors in order to use its spent liquor as concrete additives. The bark was easily deliginfied in alkaline sulfite-anthraquinone(ASAQ) cooking, resulting in more than 90% delignification. The dispersing ability of the ASAQ spent liquor was almost equivalent to or better than that of the commercial wood lignosufonate(CSL), Sanflo R.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.4-9
• /
• 1989

One species of pin-hole bore and fifty-two species of bark and ambrosia beetles were collected in 1987. Of fifty-three species, two species, Hylurgops palliatus and Xyleborus amputatus were recorded for the first time to the fauna.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.1-3
• /
• 1983

Fraxin, fraxetin-8-glucoside, mp $204-205^{\circ}$ was isolated from the fresh bark of Fraxinus sieboldiana var. angustata Nakai, which is one of the indigenous plants of the Oleaceous family in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.64-72
• /
• 2006

Two compounds were isolated from the diethylether and ethyl acetate fraction of hot water extracts by TLC and column chromatography as dyeing components. The isolated compounds were characterized as H-dibenzoquinoline-2,10-diol,5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-1,9-dimethoxy-6-methyl (compoundI) and lyoniresinol (compoundII) by NMR and Mass spectrophotometry. To investigate if the isolated compounds are involved in the dyeing process, HPLC analysis was used. The retention time of the components from dye used in the study and the dye decolorized from the dyed substrate, silk by ethyl acetate were compared to conform the identity of those compounds. The retention time of the components from the dye and decolorized solution were identical. As a results, those two compounds were considered as dye bound to the silk.