• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2000.05a
• /
• pp.385-391
• /
• 2000

Velocity method was supposed by Parkin et al.(1985) in order to supplement previous log t and (equation omitted) method. This study was to present the method for estimating the horizontal coefficient of consolidation by using velocity method which was based on the Barren's equation. Velocity method throughly eliminated not only settlement curve which had shape with difficulty in evaluating coefficient of consolidation but also the effect of unknown intial compression, the secondary consolidation and occurrence of unknown point by using velocity instead of settlement. The purpose of this study is to investigate its application in field. Velocity method was used in obtaining horizontal coefficient of consolidation in Kyung-gi area. Horizontal coefficient of consolidation using velocity method was calculated and compared with log t method, √t method Magnan & Deroy's method, Bergado's method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2000.03b
• /
• pp.475-480
• /
• 2000

This study was to present the method for estimating the horizontal coefficient of consolidation by using velocity method which was based on the Barren's equation. Horizontal drainage consolidation tests, including a radial drainage consolidation test, a cylindrical consolidation test, and a large soil box test, were performed to examine its validity. Using the velocity method, horizontal coefficient of consolidation was calculated and compared with lost method, √t method, Magnan & Deroy's method, Bergado's method.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.138-146
• /
• 2007

Geotechnical performance at the soft ground is strongly dependent on the properties of the soil beneath and adjacent to the structure of interest. These soil properties can be described using deterministic and/or probabilistic models. Deterministic models typically use a single discrete descriptor for the parameter of interest. Probabilistic models describe parameters by using discrete statistical descriptors or probability distribution density functions. The consolidation process depends on several uncertain parameters including the coefficients of consolidation and coefficients of permeability in vertical and horizontal directions. The implication of this uncertain parameter in the design of prefabricated vertical drains for soil improvement is discussed. A sensitivity analysis of the degree of consolidation and calculation of settlements to these uncertain parameters is presented for clayey deposits.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.27-36
• /
• 2010

In this study, a series of flat dilatometer tests are performed for Busan sand reconstituted in a large calibration chamber to evaluate the state parameter ($\Psi$). Experimental result shows that the horizontal amplification factor ($K_D/K_0$) is linearly related with state parameter in semi-logarithmic space, but the $K_D/K_0$ of OC specimen is smaller than that of NC specimen because of the horizontal residual stress by stress history of OC specimen. The relation between the normalized dilatometer modulus ($E_D/\sigma_m'$) and the state parameter is also linearly expressed in semi-logarithmic space, and the effect of stress history is relatively insignificant in this relation. However, the variation in $E_D/\sigma_m'-\Psi$ relation of NC state is slightly higher than that of OC state due to the effect of the stress level, and the correlation curve is descending with increase of confining stress. The comparison of test result with previous results of Ticino and Toyoura sands shows that the $E_D/\sigma_m'-\Psi$ relation of Toyoura sand is located on upper side than that of Busan and Tieino sands due to the effect of the higher compressibility, whereas the $K_D/K_0-\Psi$ relation of each sand is irregularly distributed.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
• /
• v.28 no.B
• /
• pp.71-79
• /
• 2008

Reports about coefficients of consolidation in horizontal direction of marine clays located at seven different sites on western and southern coast area in Korea were reviewed and characteristics of them were investigated. As results of analyses, for relation between the depth of ground and coefficients, any trend and correlation between them can not be found since they are more influenced by the nature of geological formation rather than the depth of ground. Dissipation time t50, one of important factors in estimating value of coefficient of consolidation in horizontal direction, was found to be quite related to them. For the correlation between the maximum pore pressure developed and coefficients, coefficient of consolidation in the horizontal direction tend to decrease with increase of the maximum pore pressure whereas the ground water level or static pore pressure do not have any specific correlation with those coefficients. Values of coefficient tends to increase with values of liquid limit, plastic limit and plastic index and thus they are found to be directly influenced by the contents of fines. Values of coefficient of consolidation in horizontal direction are also increased with increases of permeability in horizontal direction and coefficient of consolidation in vertical direction. They were highly correlated between coefficient of consolidation and permeability in horizontal direction while values of coefficient of consolidation in horizontal direction have a relatively low correlation with values of coefficient of consolidation in horizontal direction. Sometimes, coefficient of consolidation in horizontal direction obtained from field tests were estimated 2-3 times greater than those from laboratory tests.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.183-194
• /
• 2004

It's essential process to study non-linear material function related to characteristics of compressibility and permeability when we predict the consolidation behavior of soft clay ground. In this study, laboratory tests were conducted to find out the material function using marine clay. Standard oedometer test and Rowe cell test were performed with conditions, which were classified into vertical drainage only, radial drainage only and vertical-radial drainage case. Modified oedometer test equipment was developed to find out the material function and special extrusion device was originated to minimize the sample disturbance effect. Reliability of the results in modified oedometer test could be confirmed by comparing with the Rowe cell's one. Effective stress - void ratio - permeability relations were analyzed using all testing results. As a result, void ratio with effective stress level could be expressed by the power function and permeability with void ratio could be expressed by exponential function. In soft clay with high initial water content and low shear strength, non-linear characteristics related to compressibility and permeability varied with wide range by the effective stress levels. It's important to note that non-linearity of the material function should be considered at prediction of the consolidation behavior.

• Geotechnical Engineering
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.63-70
• /
• 1994

In-situ soil is anisotropically consolidated at rest, and the coefficient of earth pressure at rest $K_0$ is dependent on the properties of soil and stress history. In order to estimate roughly the in-situ undrained shear strength of a $K_0$-anisotropically normally consolidated clay from isotropic consolidated undrained test, consolidated undrained shear testy with four different consolidation pressure ratios ($K={\sigma}'_{3c}/{\sigma}'_{1c}$) were performed and test results showed K-$\alpha$ relationship, representing the strength ratio $\alpha$ as ($S_u/{\sigma}'_{1c})_{CKU}=\alpha(S_u/{\sigma}'_{1c})_{CIU}$. Strength ratio u increases with increasing consolidation pressure ratio. And the angle of internal friction $\Phi'$and angle ratio $\Phi'_{CKU}/\Phi'_{CIU}/$ are increased with the increament of K-value.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2005.03a
• /
• pp.1078-1085
• /
• 2005

1990년 이래 낙동강 하구 서쪽지역인 서부산과 인근 지역에서는 대단위 지반조성공사가 수행되었다. 이 지역에서는 부산점토라고 명명된 점성토가 20-70m의 두께로 상당히 두텁게 형성되어있다. 최근에 들어 정교한 지반조사가 수행됨에 따라 이 지역의 점토에 대한 공학적 특성이 효과적으로 밝혀졌지만, 점토의 특성을 면밀히 규명하기 위해서는 여전히 많은 과제가 남아있다. 본 논문에서는 부산신항 지역에서 점토에 대하여 다양한 방법으로 투수계수를 구하여 투수특성을 규명하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 수평 및 연직방향의 배수에 의한 일정변형률(CRS) 압밀실험, 표준압밀실험 및 압밀 중에 변수위 투수실험이 실내실험으로 이루어 졌으며, 현장실험으로 CPTU에 의한 소산실험 및 Casagrande형 피에조미터에 의한 소산실험이 실시되었다.이들 결과를 서로 비교하여 합리적인 실험결과를 분석하며, 이점토에 대한 깊이별 투수계수 및 투수 이방성을 규명하고자 하였다.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.136-145
• /
• 2011

For a massive project related to building national industrial complexes on a soft ground applied to PVD after dredging and hydraulic fill, laboratory tests were carried out using undisturbed sample taken from various depth. Piezocone penetration and dissipation tests were carried out to assess horizontal coefficient of consolidation and initial stress in field. The ground consists of upper dredged fill and lower original clay layer having both similar marine clays. It should be, however, considered as multi-layered soft ground having different initial void ratio, initial water content, initial effective stress, and permeability and compressibility with directions. To assess initial stress of those soft layers in which have different stress history related to consolidation, CPTu test results, especially excess pore water pressure, were analyzed. It allows to find out distribution of excess pore water pressure and initial stress inner original clay layer.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.161-170
• /
• 2002

This paper describes a systematic way of simultaneously identifying the ambient pore pressure and the rigidity index $(=G/s_u)$ of soil by applying an optimization technique to the early part of piezocone dissipation test result. An analytical solution developed by Randolph & Wroth(1979) was implemented in normalized from to express the build-up and dissipation of excess pore pressures around a piezocone as a function of the rigidity index. An ambient pore pressure and optimal rigidity index were determined by minimizing the differences between theoretical and measured excess pore pressure curves using optimization technique. The effectiveness of the proposed back-analysis method was examined against the well-documented performance of piezocone dissipation tests(Tanaka & Sakagami, 1989), from the viewpoints of proper determination of selected target parameters and saving of test duration. It is shown that the proposed back-analysis method can evaluate properly the ambient pore pressure and the rigidity index by using only the early phase of the dissipation test data. Also, it is shown that the proposed back-analysis method permits the horizontal coefficient of consolidation to be identified rationally. Consideration for strain level of back-analyzed rigidity index shows that it corresponds to at least intermediate to large strain level.