• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2007

Recent advances in airborne LiDAR technology allow rapid and inexpensive measurements of topography over large areas. The generation of DTM/DEM is essential to numerous applications such as the fields of civil engineering, environment, city planning and flood modeling. The demand for LiDAR data is increasing due to the reduced cost for DTM generation and the increased reliability, precision and completeness. In order to generate DTM, measurements from non-ground features such as building and vegetation have to be classified and removed. In this paper, a segmented morphology filter was developed to detect non-ground LiDAR measurements. First, segments LiDAR point clouds based on the elevation. Secondly classifies those protruding segments into non-ground points. Those non-ground points such as building and vegetation are removed, while ground points are preserved for DTM generation. For experiments, data sets used in Comparison of Filters (ISPRS, 2003) depicting urban and rural areas were selected. The experimental results show that the proposed filter can remove most of the non-ground points effectively with less commission and omission errors.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.86-89
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• 2008

도시공간모델은 공간의 문제 또는 현상들을 보다 종합적, 합리적으로 파악하는데 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 수치지도와 도화원도로부터 저렴하고 수치지도 기반의 공간분석에 유용한 지형과 건물을 포함하는 도시공간모델을 생성하고자 한다. 도시공간모델은 지면모델과 건물모델로 나누어 생성한 후 통합한다. 지면모델은 수치지도를 이용하여 DEM을 생성한다. 건물모델은 수치지도와 도화원도를 융합하여 생성한다. 제안된 방법은 영등포구 전체를 포함하는 수치지도와 서로 다른 시기에 생성된 3 set의 도화원도에 적용하였다. 본 연구에서 생성된 도시공간모델은 수치지도를 기반으로 공간분석을 하는 응용분야에서 요구하는 입력 형태로 제공할 수 있으므로 유용하다. 따라서 본 연구에서 제안하는 도시공간모델의 생성 방법론은 더 많은 분야의 공간분석을 위해 활용될 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.499-506
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• 2019

NDSM (Normalized Digital Surface Model) is key information for the detailed analysis of remote sensing data. Although NDSM can be simply obtained by subtracting a DTM (Digital Terrain Model) from a DSM (Digital Surface Model), in case of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) data, it is difficult to get an accurate DTM due to high resolution characteristics of UAV data containing a large number of complex objects on the ground such as vegetation and urban structures. In this study, RGB-based UAV vegetation index, ExG (Excess Green) was used to extract initial seed points having low ExG values for region growing such that a DTM can be generated cost-effectively based on high resolution UAV data. For this process, local window analysis was applied to resolve the problem of erroneous seed point extraction from local low ExG points. Using the DSM values of seed points, region growing was applied to merge neighboring terrain pixels. Slope criteria were adopted for the region growing process and the seed points were determined as terrain points in case the size of segments is larger than 0.25 ㎡. Various slope criteria were tested to derive the optimized value for UAV data-based NDSM generation. Finally, the extracted terrain points were evaluated and interpolation was performed using the terrain points to generate an NDSM. The proposed method was applied to agricultural area in order to extract the above ground heights of crops and check feasibility of agricultural monitoring.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.238-238
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• 2016

토양수분, 증발산량, 유출량 등의 고해상도 수문기상요소 산출을 위한 지면모델 활용 기술은 기상 및 수문분야에서 널리 활용 중에 있다. 본 연구에서는 미국 국립대기과학연구소(NCAR)에서 개발된 기상-수문 결합모델 WRF-Hydro(Weather Research and Forecasting Model Hydrological modeling extension package)을 활용하여 낙동강 유역에서 발생한 돌발홍수 사례 실험에 적용하여 강우량 및 수문기상요소 전체를 모의함으로써 기상-수문-지면 결합모델을 활용한 수문기상요소 산출하고자 하였다. 이를 기존의 기상모델로부터 입력강제자료를 제공받아 Off-line 형태로 결합된 지면모델(TOPLATS, TOPmodel-based Land Atmosphere Transfer Scheme) 결과와 비교하였고 기상-수문 결합모델의 국내 적용성을 검토하였다. 기상-수문-지면 결합모델(WRF-Hydro)의 초기장 및 경계장은 기상청 현업 모델에서 생성된 국지예보모델자료 1.5km 자료(LDAPS, Local Data Assimilation and Prediction System)를 사용하였으며, 모델의 적분기간은 돌발홍수 사례에 따라 24~36시간을 수행하였다. WRF-Hydro 모델의 물리모수화 방안은 작년까지 기상청에서 현업운영되는 KWRF의 방안들을 준용하였으며, WRF-Hydro 수행을 위해 Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer(ASTER)에서 제공되는 30 m 해상도의 수치표고자료를 GIS(Geographic Information System)를 활용하여 지표유출방향을 설정하였다.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.74-81
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• 2011

A numerical simulation is performed to study the ground effect of a rotating rotor blade on a whirl tower using unstructured overset mesh. The aerodynamic change of the rotor blade by the structure around the whirl tower is also considered. The calculated results showed good agreement with the experiment for the hover performance. The ground effect of the rotor blade is investigated by comparing with the calculated results for the out of ground condition and the results of an analytic model.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 2011

Recently, aerial laser scanning technology has received full attention in constructing DEM(Digital Elevation Model). It is well known that the quality of DEM is mostly influenced by the accuracy of DTD(Digital Terrain Data) extracted from LiDAR(Light Detection And Ranging) raw data. However, there are always misclassified data in the DTD generated by automatic filtering process due to the limitation of automatic filtering algorithm and intrinsic property of LiDAR raw data. In order to eliminate the misclassified data, a manual filtering process is performed right after automatic filtering process. In this study, an algorithm that detects automatically possible misclassified data included in the DTD from automatic filtering process is proposed, which will reduce the load of manual filtering process. The algorithm runs on 2D grid data structure and makes use of several parameters such as 'Slope Angle', 'Slope DeltaH' and 'NNMaxDH(Nearest Neighbor Max Delta Height)'. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm quite well detected the misclassified data regardless of the terrain type and LiDAR point density.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.533-542
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• 2006

Lidar point clouds provide three dimensional information of terrain surface and have a great advantage to generate precise digital elevation model (DEM), particularly over forested area where some laser signals are transmitted to vegetation canopy and reflected from the bare ground. This study initially investigates the characteristics of lidar-derived height information as related to vertical structure of forest stands. Then, we propose a new filtering method to separate ground points from Lidar point clouds, which is a prerequisite process both to generate DEM surface and to extract biophysical information of forest stands. Laser points clouds over the forest stands in central Korea show that the vertical distribution of laser points greatly varies by the stand characteristics. Based on the characteristics, the proposed filtering method processes first and last returns simultaneously without setting any threshold value. The ground points separated by the proposed method are used to generate digital elevation model, furthermore, the result provides the possibilities to extract other biophysical characteristics of forest.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.181-191
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• 2020

In order to produce accurate initial condition of soil moisture for global Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP), spin-up experiment is carried out using Noah Land Surface Model (LSM). The model is run repeatedly through 10 years, under the atmospheric forcing condition of 2008-2017 until climatological land surface state is achieved. Spin-up time for the equilibrium condition of soil moisture exhibited large variability across Koppen-Geiger climate classification zone and soil layer. Top soil layer took the longgest time to equilibrate in polar region. From the second layer to the fourth layer, arid region equilibrated slower (7 years) than other regions. This result means that LSM reached to equilibrium condition within 10 year loop. Also, spin-up time indicated inverse correlation with near surface temperature and precipitation amount. Initialized from the equilibrium state, LSM was spun up to obtain land surface state in 2018. After 6 months from restarted run, LSM simulates soil moisture, skin temperature and evaportranspiration being similar land surface state in 2018. Based on the results, proposed LSM spin-up system could be used to produce proper initial soil moisture condition despite updates of physics or ancillaries for LSM coupled with NWP.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.264-271
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• 2004

A three-dimensional numerical mesoscale model by Pielke's estimation (University of Virginia Mesoscale Model, UVMM) was applied to investigate the effects of land characteristics including land-humidity, land-roughness and land-albedo on some micro-climatic coefficients and the air cooling capacity. The results indicated that land-characteristics exposed a significant effect on air cooling. Air cooling effects between in urban and agricultural areas were compared and the effects were much higher in agricultural area. Air cooling effects of weed species were different and when converted into economic values by diesel oil price the effects were ranged from 411 to 816 Won/plant.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

Incompressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with $\varepsilon{-SST}$ turbulence model are adopted for the investigation of the flow fields between the square cylinder and the ground. When the grounds moves, the diminish of the shear layer intensity on the ground promotes the interaction between the lower and the upper separated shear layer of the cylinder. Hence vortex shedding occurs at the lower gap height than stationary ground. In the moving ground, the secondary shedding frequency disappears due to the absence of the separation bubble on the ground which exists in the stationary ground. In addition, the shedding frequency and aerodynamic coefficients in the moving ground become higher than those of the stationary ground.