• Bulletin of Korea Environmental Preservation Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.7-14
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• 1988

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.532-536
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• 2004

최근 수자원개발의 한계와 수질의 오염으로 인하여 제한된 수자원의 적절한 배분과 지속 가능한 수자원의 이용이라는 문제가 크게 대두되고 있어 개발의 한계 속에서 수질을 보존하기 위한 노력이 필요한 시점이다. 그러나, 수량과 수질을 동시에 고려할 수 있는 수자원계획 도구는 흔치 않다. 이러한 종합적인 수자원계획 수립 및 분석을 위할 도구를 개발하기 위하여 한국건설기술연구원에서는 SEI-B(Stockholm Environment Institute - Boston Center)와 공동으로 기존에 SEI-B에서 개발된 WEAP(Water Evaluation And Planning System)을 국내 실정에 맞도록 수정보완 한 K-WEAP을 개발하였었다. 이를 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 K-WEAP에 수질 모의 기능을 추가하여 개발함으로써 수량-수질을 연계하여 수자원계획수립이 가능하도록 하였다. 개발된 K-WEAP은 원단위 개념을 이용한 발생량의 산정과 보존성 물질의 수질 모의와 일반적인 지수감소형 물질 및 BOD, DO 등과 같은 1차 분해성 물질의 모의가 가능하다. 이러한 기능을 이용하여 수자원 계획 시 수질등급을 만족시키기 위한 하수처리장의 설치 계획과 유역관리를 위한 여러 가지 대안의 수립이 가능하며, 여러 가지 대안에 대하여 장래 수질의 변화 경향을 비교 분석할 수 있는 기초 자료를 제공한다. 본 연구에서는 K-WEAP에 탑재된 수질 모형의 내용을 분석하고 수량과 수질의 통합과정을 알아본 후, 가상의 시험유역에 적용한 길과를 바탕으로 수량-수질 통합수자원계획의 적용성을 살펴보았다,

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.45-58
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• 2012

For the development of reference values and evaluation of water quality in various environmental conditions, we divided the coastal region around Korean peninsular into 5 distinctive ecological regions based on the influence of surface current, depth, tidal range, turbidity, and climate condition. We used national marine environment monitoring data collected by National Fisheries Research & Development Institute(NFRDI) from 2000-2009. For the reference values, we used maximum seasonal mean from 2000 to 2007 for DIN, DIP, and chlorophyll-a and minimum seasonal mean for secchi depth measured at stations without the influence of river runoff in each ecological regions. For the reference value of bottom dissolved oxygen saturation, we used minimum mean value of 90% calculated from minimal riverine influence stations of whole regions. We calculated enrichment score for each assessment criteria. The enrichment score of DIN, DIP, and Chlorophyll-a was 1 (=< reference value), 2 (< 110% of reference value), 3 (< 125% of reference value), 4 (< 150% of reference value), and 5 (> 150% of reference value). The enrichment score of DO saturation and Secchi depth was 1 (> reference value), 2 (> 90% of reference value), 3 (>75 % of reference value), 4 (> 50% of reference value), and 5 (< 50% of reference value). We calculated water quality index using weighted linear combination of five enrichment score for the comparison of whole regions. From the water quality index distribution calculated from all stations between 2000 and 2007 period, we classified into 5 grade based on the standard deviation calculated from total water quality index. We assigned grade very good(I), good(II), moderate(III), bad(IV), and very bad(V) when the water quality index was less than 23, minimum + 1 sd, +2 sd, +3 sd, and grater than minium+ 3 sd, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.28-39
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• 2001

The eco-hydrodynamic model was used to simulation water quality of Kwangyang Bay according to the environmental variation for appropriate water quality management. The mean concentration of COD was 3.3㎎/L, this exceeded the third class of water quality criteria. Waste water discharging loads showed approximately 90% of total pollutant loads. For satisfaction to below 10㎍/L of Chl. a and 2㎎/L of COD, above 35% reduction of present pollutant loads of point sources are needed.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.300-302
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• 2004

감천의 지류인 부항천 유역에 조성될 댐 건설로 인한 인공호의 호수내 수질변화를 예측하기 위하여 WASP5 모형을 이용하였다. 모의결과 현재 수준으로 오염부하가 지속될 경우 2011, 2016, 2021년에 대하여 COD 기준으로 2.07mg/L, 1.93mg/L, 1.84mg/L로 각각 감소하는 것으로 예측되었으며 호소 수질기준 2등급 수준으로 나타났다. 따라서, 수질농도를 원하는 수준으로 낮추기 위하여 유역의 수질보존 대책이 이행되어야 하며, 수질보존 대책이 이행되었을 경우는 COD농도는 1.06mg/L로 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.83-93
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to develop the environmental management strategy of streams based on the quantified evaluation method of the stream environment. The six streams in Jinju city flowing into the Nam-river were selected for the case study. The stream environment evaluation was performed considering the following three independent field surveys. First, the stream naturalnesses considering 20 evaluation elements were investigated for each unit section of the streams having the length of 500m and the width of 100m, and then were evaluated into 5 grades. Second, water qualities of the streams were evaluated into 5 grades based on the results of eight times water quality survey. Third, the landuse patterns in the stream basins were evaluated into 5 grades according to the residential area ratio. Finally, the stream environments were classified into 5 grades by integrating the above three subfactors - stream naturalness, water quality, and residential landuse. According to the evaluation results of stream environments, the three environmental management strategies of streams were suggested. As the results of the case study, Panmun stream and Ghajwa stream were evaluated to the forth grade that need active environmental restoration, and Nabul stream and Yonga stream were evaluated to the second grade that need partial environmental restoration while Youngchun river and Dogsan stream were evaluated to the first grade showing the desirable stream environmental condition. The above environmental evaluation results for each stream will be an important reference for the further stream restoration or management plan.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.289-301
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• 2012

A biological assessment of water quality was made at 9 sites of the Joyang-river and inflow streams located in Jeongseon-gun Gangwon-do, from June 2008 to September 2010. The investigation consisted of physico-chemical factors, biomass, and standing crops of epilithic diatoms. In addition, the community structure of epilithic diatoms was analyzed, and the water quality was assessed using DAIpo and TDI. The pH varied from 7.4~10.2 which is attributed to the Joyang-river area consisting of limestone. A total of 117 taxonomic groups of epilithic diatoms, including: 2 orders, 6 families, 23 genera, 95 species, 15 varieties, 2 forms, and 5 unidentified species, were found in the Joyang-river. 11 taxa, including Achnanthes laterostrata and Cymbella delicatula which live in neutral to alkali pH, were found. An indicator species of alkali waters, Cymbella delicatula, was routinely observed to have a relative frequency of over 10% in I3 and I4. In the result of the biological assessment using DAIpo, the Joyang-river was rated class A, with an average of 77.03 and inflow streams were rated class B with an average of 65.84. As for the results of TDI analysis, the Joyangriver was rated class A~B, and inflow streams were rated class A~D. Accordingly, the water quality of the Joyang-river was determined to be superior to that of inflow streams. Although the main stream showed low water quality at sites J2 and J3, correlating with a reduction in the quality of inflow stream, I1 in September 2009.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.121-128
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• 2006

The results of COD researched on August of 2004 were 6.8 ppm in North Mokpo inner Bay, 4.4 ppm in front of YongSang Bank and 4.6 ppm in front of ShinAn Beach Hotel which is over III level Marine-Environmental Standard. The other five stations sea water quality of Mokpo inner bay were reached II-III level. Concentration of total nitrogen range from 1.23 ppm to 3.56 ppm and total phosphorous was range from 0.07 ppm to 0.12 ppm which were II-III level. This results show that the Mokpo inner bay is unsuitable for aquaculture and growth of fish and for use of marine resort, it can be only available for industrial and harbour use. In results of estimated point source flow into Mokpo inner bay, the occupation ratio from YoungSang river in total inflow of TN and TP were up to 49-89 % respectively. It is indicate that in order to improve the water quality of MokPo inner bay have to control the discharge from YoungSang river first of all, then control the discharge from North Harbour domestic wastewater treatment, InAm river and NamHae domestic wastewater treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.587-597
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• 2023

We evaluated the eutrophication of Saemangeum Lake, which causes abnormal growth of algae, using the Carlson index. Eutrophication characteristics of Saemangeum Lake were analyzed. For the study, water quality surveys were conducted at 7 stations in Saemangeum Lake every month in 2021. The concentration of Chl.a was slightly higher in the Mankyeong water system in winter, and slightly higher in the Dongjin water system in spring and summer, but overall, except for some periods, the concentration was similar to or lower than the lake water quality environmental standard of class 3. COD showed water quality similar to or above the lake quality environmental standard of grade 4 in both the Mankyeong and Dongjin water systems in the summer and Autumn. TOC concentrations were within lake water quality standard 3 at all sites. Total phosphorus concentrations exceeded the lake water quality standard of Class 4 and were higher in January and August after rainfall. In the correlation analysis between water quality factors, the correlation of organic matter, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen to salinity was relatively high. This reflected the water quality characteristics of freshwater, brackish water, and seawater areas due to seawater inflow through the drainage gate and freshwater inflow through upstream rivers. According to the characteristics of eutrophication fluctuations in Saemangeum Lake by trophic state index, the indices of Chl.a, SD, and TN showed water quality in the early stage of eutrophication, while the TP index showed a severe eutrophication state. The magnitude of the eutrophication index among water quality components was TSI(TP) > TSI(TN) > TSI(SD) > TSI(CHL) in all water systems. Quadrant analysis of the deviation of TSI(CHL) from TSI(TP) and TSI(SD) on a two-dimensional plane showed that there was no limiting effect of total phosphorus on algal growth in all water systems. In addition, the factors af ecting light attenuation appeared to be dominated by small particulate matter from outside sources.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.242-252
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to develop a Multi-metric Water Quality Assessment (MWQA) model and apply it to dataset sampled from Paldang and Daechung reservoir in 2008. The various water dataset used to this study included 5 year data sets (2003${\sim}$2007) in Korean reservoirs which were obtained from the Ministry of Environment, Korea. In this study, suggested MWQA model has 4 metrics that were composed of 4 parameters such as chemical, physical, biological, and hydrological variables. And, each of the variables attributed total phosphorus (TP) concentration in water, secchi depth (SD) measure in water, chlorophyll-${\alpha}$(Chl-${\alpha}$) concentration in water and the ratio of inflow of water into lakes and efflux of water from lakes, input/output (I/O). First, we established the criteria for trophic boundaries. The boundary between oligotrophic and mesotrophic categories was defined by the lower third of the cumulative distribution of the values. The mesotrophic-eutrophic boundary was defined by the upper third of the distribution. Second, each metric was given by a point-oligo=1, meso=3, eu=5. And then, obtained total score from each metric was divided 5 grade-Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor, and Very poor. As the results of applying the proposed MWQA model, the Paldang reservoir obtained "Fair" or "Poor" grade and Daechung reservoir obtained "Excellent" or "Good" grade. The suggested MWQA model through these procedures will enable to manage efficiently the reservoir. And, more studies such as metric numbers and attributes should be done for the accurate application of the new model.