• Title/Summary/Keyword: 수직 이방성

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수치모의를 이용한 정압주입시험의 고찰

  • 박경우;배대석;김천수;김경수;이강근
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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    • 2004.09a
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    • pp.317-320
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    • 2004
  • 정압주입시험(Constant Head Injection Test, CHIT)은 결정질 암반의 구간별 수리전도도 및 투수계수를 구하는 전통적인 수리시험방법이다. 본 연구에서는 Visual Modflow 수치코드를 사용하여 정압주입시험에 대한 부정류 모의를 수행하였다. 수치모의 결과 주입공에서 매질로 시간별 주입되는 유량은 30분이 경과한 후부터 거의 일정하게 유지되는 양상을 확인할 수 있는데, 현장에서 정압주입시험을 할 때 적어도 30분 이상의 시첩을 실시해야 함을 알 수 있었다. 시험구간에 따른 수리전도도 값은 시험구간의 크기에 상관없이 거의 일정한 값을 보이고 있어, 시험구간의 크기는 정압주입시험에서 크게 유의하지 않아도 된다고 판단된다. 그러나, 시험구간별 주입 압력에 따른 수리전도도 값의 변화를 살펴본 결과, 시험 구간의 크기와 주입 압력 값이 클수록 산출되는 수리전도도 값이 매질의 수리전도도 값과 차이가 나는데, 현장조사에서 시험구간과 주입 압력 값에 대한 고려가 있어야 함을 지시한다. 매질의 수직적 이방성에 따른 모의결과 $K_{zz}$ / $K_{xx}$ and $K_{yy}$ 값이 작아질수록 수리전도도 값이 작아지는데, 현장조사 결과를 해석함에 있어 매질의 수직적 이방성은 주의를 기울여야 한다.

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Elastic-plastic Micromechanics Modeling of Cross-anisotropic Granular Soils: I. Formulation (직교 이방적 사질토의 미시역학적 탄소성 모델링: I. 정식화)

  • Jung, Young-Hoon;Chung, Choong-Ki
    • Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.77-88
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    • 2007
  • A micromechanics-based model to simulate the elastic and elastic-plastic behavior of granular soils is developed. The model accounts for the fabric anisotropy represented by the statistical parameter of the spatial distribution of contact normals, the evolution of fabric anisotropy as a function of stress ratio, the continuous change of the co-ordination number relating to the void ratio, and the elastic and elastic-plastic microscopic contact stiffness. Using the experimental data for metallic materials, the elastic-plastic contact stiffness is derived as a power function of the normal contact force as well as the contact force initiating the yielding of contact bodies. To quantitatively assess microscopic model parameters, approximate solutions of cross-anisotropic elastic moduli are derived in terms of the micromechanical parameters.

Study on the Physical Properties according to the Anisotropy of Granite (화강암의 이방성에 따른 물리적 특성 연구)

  • 박윤석;강추원
    • Explosives and Blasting
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.23-35
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    • 2003
  • This study is to clarify the comparative relationship and a mechanical anisotropy of rock on the subject of granite distributed in the Namwon area Uniaxial compressive and Brazilian strengths with respect to the horizontal and vertical axes of granite are shown the linear relation. In the case of the result of the p-wave velocity measurement. it is represented that the velocity of vortical direction is faster about 10 to 15% than other two horizontal directions. The difference between velocities is caused by a developmental pattern of microcracks distributed in rock. Moreover, this result is very consistent with the result investigated through thin sections. The proportion of uniaxial compression strength to Index of point load strength ($Is_{(50)}$) is 18~20 times in case of granite. Uniaxial compressive strength is relatively good relationship with point load strength, Schmidt hammer rebound value, and tensile strength point load strength of them is the best comparative relationship. It is indicated that point load test is the most useful tool to estimate uniaxial compressive strength, comparing with other experimental methods.

Numerical analysis of blast-induced anisotropic rock damage (터발파압력에 기인한 이방성 암반손상의 수치해석적 분석)

  • Park, Bong-Ki;Cho, Kook-Hwan;Lee, In-Mo
    • Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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    • v.6 no.4
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    • pp.291-302
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    • 2004
  • Blast-induced anisotropic rock damage around a blast-hole was analyzed by a using numerical method with user-defined subroutine based on continuum damage mechanics. Anisotropic blasting pressure was evaluated by applying anisotropic ruck characteristics to analytical solution which is a function of explosive and rock properties. Anisotropic rock damage was evaluated by applying the proposed anisotropic blasting pressure. Blast-induced isotropic rock damage was also analyzed. User-defined subroutines to solve anisotropic and isotropic damage model were coded. Initial rock damages in natural ruck were considered in anisotropic and isotropic damage models. Blasting pressure and elastic modulus of rock were major influential parameters from parametric analysis results of isotropic rock damage. From the results of anisotropic rock damage analysis, blasting pressure was the most influential parameter. Anisotropic rock damage area in horizontal direction was approximately 34% larger and about 12% smaller in vertical direction comparing with isotropic rock damage area. Isotropic rock damage area under fully coupled charge condition was around 30 times larger than that under decoupled charge condition. Blasting pressure under fully coupled charge condition was estimated to be more than 10 times larger than that of decoupled charge condition.

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Dependence of Coercivity and Exchange Bias as Surface Magnetic Anisotropy in [Pd/Ferromagnet] Multilayer with Out-of-plane Magnetic Anisotropy (수직자기이방성을 갖는 [Pd/Ferromagnet] 다층막에서 표면자기이방성에 따른 교환력과 보자력의 의존성)

  • Heo, Jang;Kim, Hyun-Shin;Choi, Jin-Hyup;Lee, Ky-Am
    • Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.98-102
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    • 2008
  • Dependence of the exchange bias and coercivity as surface magnetic anisotropy and ferromagnet materials for $[Pd/Co]_N$ and $[Pd/Co,(CoFe)]_N$/FeMn multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy were investigated. The coercivity was proportionally increased to 670 Oe by increasing stack number N in Ta(2.1 nm)/[Pd(3.1/N)/$Co(1.2/N)]_N$/Ta(2.1) multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Also, the coercivity in exchange biased multilayer was tend to increased by increasing stack number N. But coercivity of each materials have been in order of Co (600 Oe), $Co_5Fe_5$ (520 Oe) and $Co_8Fe_2$ (320 Oe) as function of the ferromagnet materials. The other side, exchange force of each materials is 300 Oe when the reiteration layer number N is 3. In over number of reiteration layer 3, they maintained coercivity between 200 Oe and 300 Oe.