• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.109-118
• /
• 1989

To find antitumor components in the cultured mycelia of Lepiota procera, the proteinpolysaccharide obtained from the mycelia was subjected to DEAE - Sephadex A-50 column chromatography and Sepharose-4B gel filtration. Of the fractions, the purified Fraction C1 was named lepiotan and examined for antitumor activity against the solid form of sarcoma 180 in ICR mice. The inhibition ratio of lepiotan was 64% at the dose of 10 mg/kg/day for 10days. The chemical analysis of lepiotan showed 60% polysaccharide and 21 % protein. The polysaccharide moiety was found to be a heteromannoglucan which consisted of 46.3% glucose, 40.2% mannose and 11.0% fucose. When the antitumor component, Fraction A, was examined for immunopotentiation activity, it was found to increase the number of plaques in hemolytic plaque assay and to restore the immunity in the tumor-bearing mice up to 89.7% of the normal level. Also the antitumor acitivity was suppressed by the treatment with carrageenan, an antimacrophage agent. These results indicate that the antitumor activity was exerted through immunopotentiation, but not through direct cytotoxicity against the tumor.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.65-81
• /
• 2010

This single case study is to examine the gait parameter changes of a 12-year old patient with Cerebellar Astrocytomas using RAS in gait training program. Kinematic and temporospatial changes were analyzed using VICON 370 Motion Analysis System. A total of nine RAS gait training sessions was provided and each training program took 30 minutes. Gait analysis revealed that the patient showed improvement in cadence, velocity, stride length, and step length and improved the range of joint movements by showing gait patterns similar to normal distribution from a pathological pattern. This study showed possibilities to apply the RAS technique to the various population including clients with cerebellum damaged; however more further research should be done in this area.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.145-153
• /
• 2006

Background: Tumor cell lysate has been considered as a preferential antigen source for the therapeutic dendritic cell pulsing. Our experiences with in vivo study with animal tumor model indicate the tumor cell lysate dependent differential effect of DC therapy. Our previous data show that MC38 lysate pulsed-DC induced stronger ag-specific immunity than CT26 lysate pulsed-DC in vitro. In this study we tried to reveal the mechanism for differential induction of ag-specific immunity of different colon cancer cell lysate pulsed-DCs. Methods: MC38 and CT26 cell lines were prepared as lysate by freezing-thawing procedure. Tumor cell antigenicity was confirmed by detecting the surface expression of MHC I/II & B7.1/2 molecules. IL-10, IL-12 and TGF-beta in the tumor cell lysate were detected by ELISA and the presence of heat shock proteins were analysed by western blotting. Results: The secretion of IL-10, a immune-inhibitory cytokine was about 470% higher in CT26 lysate than in MC38. Hsp 70 was detected only in the MC38 lysate but not in the CT26. On the other hand, Hsp 60 and 90 expression were not different in two colon cancer cell lysates. Conclusion: In two different colon cancer cell lysate, immune inhibitory IL-10 (higher in CT26) and Hsp70 (MC38 superiority) were differentially expressed. These data indicate that higher agspecific immunity induction by MC38 lysate pulsed-DC may due to the expression of hsp70 and lower secretion of IL-10, a immune-inhibitory cytokine than CT26 lysate. The significance of other cytokine and the surface marker expression will be discussed.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.143-153
• /
• 2003

Purpose : Infection with Shiga-like toxin (SLT)-producing Escherichia coli, an emerging human pathogen found particularly in young children under 5 years of age, causes a spectrum of illnesses with high morbidity and mortality, ranging from diarrhea to hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Host mediators play an important role in the pathogenesis of SLT-I toxicity. The experiments described here were designed to investigate the effect of SLT-I on TNF-${\alpha}$ production and to understand the effect of TNF-${\alpha}$ on GB3 expression. We also further examine the relationship between the Gb3 level and the differential susceptibility of cells to the cytotoxic action of SLT-I. Methods : The effect of purified SLT-1 from E. coli O157 : H7 (ATCC 43890) on tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) production in Raw264.7 cells was investigated. Many mediators regulate endothelial cell membrane expression of the glycolipid globotriaosyleramide (Gb3), which serves as the toxin receptor, suggesting that the host response to the toxin or other bacterial products may contribute to pathogenesis by regulating target cell sensitivity to the toxins. Therefore, the relationships between Gb3 expression and cytotoxicity against SLT-I on three types of cells were evaluated. Results : Detectable levels of TNF-${\alpha}$ were produced as early as six hours after induction and continued to increase during 48 hours by SLT-I. It was also found that Vero cells and dendritic cells (DC2.4 cells) expressed high levels of Gb3, 83% and 68%, respectively, and that Raw264.7 cells had a low level of Gb3 (29%) and appeared refractory to cytotoxicity against SLT-I. Vero cells and DC2.4 cells expressing high levels of Gb3 were highly susceptible to SLT-I. Furthermore, macrophages showed a resistance to SLT-I cytotoxicity, despite the fact that Gb3 expression was enhanced. Conclusion : These results strongly suggest that the expression of Gb3 is necessary but not sufficient to confer sensitivity of macrophages to SLT-I and further underpin the important role of SLT-I and its Gb3 receptors in the pathogenesis of E. coli O157 infection.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
• /
• v.32
• /
• pp.41-52
• /
• 2020

Purpose: To find out the dosimetric usefulness, setup reproducibility and efficiency of applying 3D Bolus by comparing two treatment plans in which Commercial Bolus and 3D Bolus produced by 3D Printing Technology were applied to the neck during VMAT treatment of Hypopahrynx Cancer to evaluate the clinical applicability. Materials and Methods: Based on the CT image of the RANDO phantom to which CB was applied, 3D Bolus were fabricated in the same form. 3D Bolus was printed with a polyurethane acrylate resin with a density of 1.2g/㎤ through the SLA technique using OMG SLA 660 Printer and MaterializeMagics software. Based on two CT images using CB and 3D Bolus, a treatment plan was established assuming VMAT treatment of Hypopharynx Cancer. CBCT images were obtained for each of the two established treatment plans 18 times, and the treatment efficiency was evaluated by measuring the setup time each time. Based on the obtained CBCT image, the adaptive plan was performed through Pinnacle, a computerized treatment planning system, to evaluate target, normal organ dose evaluation, and changes in bolus volume. Results: The setup time for each treatment plan was reduced by an average of 28 sec in the 3D Bolus treatment plan compared to the CB treatment plan. The Bolus Volume change during the pretreatment period was 86.1±2.70㎤ in 83.9㎤ of CB Initial Plan and 99.8±0.46㎤ in 92.2㎤ of 3D Bolus Initial Plan. The change in CTV Min Value was 167.4±19.38cGy in CB Initial Plan 191.6cGy and 149.5±18.27cGy in 3D Bolus Initial Plan 167.3cGy. The change in CTV Mean Value was 228.3±0.38cGy in CB Initial Plan 227.1cGy and 227.7±0.30cGy in 3D Bolus Initial Plan 225.9cGy. The change in PTV Min Value was 74.9±19.47cGy in CB Initial Plan 128.5cGy and 83.2±12.92cGy in 3D Bolus Initial Plan 139.9cGy. The change in PTV Mean Value was 226.2±0.83cGy in CB Initial Plan 225.4cGy and 225.8±0.33cGy in 3D Bolus Initial Plan 224.1cGy. The maximum value for the normal organ spinal cord was the same as 135.6cGy on average each time. Conclusion: From the experimental results of this paper, it was found that the application of 3D Bolus to the irregular body surface is more dosimetrically useful than the application of Commercial Bolus, and the setup reproducibility and efficiency are excellent. If further case studies along with research on the diversity of 3D printing materials are conducted in the future, the application of 3D Bolus in the field of radiation therapy is expected to proceed more actively.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.13-19
• /
• 2001

Background : The incidence of malignant melanoma is currently increasing at a rate greater than any other cancer occuring in human. At this time, early diagnosis and surgical excision were the mainstay of treatment for patients with malignant melanoma. We reviewed the results of average 4 years of follow-up after surgical excision of total 16 cases of malignant melanoma since 1985. Materials and Methods : There were 16 patients (mean age 58.5 years, 5 men, 11 women). The site of the primary lesion was foot and toe (6), back (3), hand (2), thigh (2), shoulder (1), lower abdomen (1) and lip (1). The lymph node was involved at 9 patients. The histologic diagnosis was made with H-E, S-100 stain, and HMB-45 stain as a special stain. Results : Histologically, there were Clark's stage I for 3 patients, II in 4, III in 2, IV in 3, and stage V in 4 patients. The wide excision only greater than 2cm margin was performed for 4 patients. The wide excision and lymph node dissection were performed for 4 patients. The amputation was only performed for 3 patients, and the amputation and lymph node dissection were performed for 5 patients. After surgical excision, chemotherapy was done with Taxol for each 2 patients of stage IV and V. After long term follow-up for mean 4 years, 4 patients died related with melanoma, 1 patient was recurred, and 11 patients were cured. Conclusion : The incidence of malignant melanoma was rare in Korea, but early involvement of lymph node at initial diagnosis was found in many cases (9/16, 56%). And then, early detection and appropriated excision as well as careful dissection of adjacent lymph nodes will offer the patient the best chance for cure.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.153-156
• /
• 2007

Objectives : We study the feasibility and pharmacokinetics of cisplatin concurrent chemoradiation for advanced head and neck cancer patient undergoing hemodialysis. Materials and Methods : A 57-year old male with end stage renal disease developed stage III external auditory canal cancer. Complete resection surgery was done. Postoperative 6 months, local recurrence was occurred. Despite excision and adjuvant radiotherapy, local tumor was recurred. We decided to treat a cisplatin concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Cisplatin was administered at a dose of $20mg/m^2$ for 30 min. Hemodialysis was started 30 min after completion of the cisplatin infusion and performed for 4 hours. Hemodialysis was performed on day 3 and 5 of chemotherapy. Plasma samples were collected at specified times after administration of cisplatin. Result : At the end of the third cycle of cisplatin concurrent chemoradiotherapy, the tumor size was markedly decreased. The maximum plasma concentrations of plasma platinum and free platinum were 0.74 and $0.37{\mu}g/ml$ respectively. The area under the curve of plasma platinum and free platinum were 94.7 and $11.3{\mu}g{\cdot}h/ml$ respectively. Conclusion : We report a case of Cisplatin concurrent chemoradiation for hemodialysis patient with advanced head and neck cancer and suggest full dose cisplatin concurrent chemoradiotherpay is tolerable for these patients.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.230-236
• /
• 2006

$\underline{Purpose}$: To analyze the response, toxicity, patterns of failure and survival rate of patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer who were treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy with weekly paclitaxel. $\underline{Materials\;and\;Methods}$: Twenty-three patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients who received radical chemoradiotherapy from October 1999 to September 2004 were included in this retrospective study. Patients received total $55.4{\sim}64.8$ (median 64.8) Gy (daily 1.8 Gy per fraction, 5 days per weeks) over $7{\sim}8$ weeks. 50 or $60\;mg/m^2$ of paclitaxel was administered on day 1, 8, 15, 22, 29 and 36 of radiotherapy. Four weeks after the concurrent chemoradiotherapy, three cycles of consolidation chemotherapy consisted of paclitaxel $135\;mg/m^2$ and cisplatin $75\;mg/m^2$ was administered every 3 weeks. $\underline{Results}$: Of the 23 patients, 3 patients refused to receive the treatment during the concurrent chemoradiotherapy. One patient died of bacterial pneumonia during the concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Grade 2 radiation esophagitis was observed in 4 patients (17%). Sixteen patients received consolidation chemotherapy. During the consolidation chemotherapy, 8 patients (50%) experienced grade 3 or 4 neutropenia and one of those patients died of neutropenic sepsis. Overall response rate for 20 evaluable patients was 90% including 4 complete responses (20%) and 14 partial responses (70%). Among 18 responders, 9 had local failure, 3 had local and distant failure and 2 had distant failure only. Median progression-free survival time was 9.5 months and 2-year progression-free survival rate was 19%. Eleven patients received second-line or third-line chemotherapy after the treatment failure. The median overall survival time was 21 months. 2-year and 5-year survival rate were 43% and 33%, respectively. Age, performance status, tumor size were significant prognostic factors for progression-free survival. $\underline{Conclusion}$: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy with weekly paclitaxel revealed high response rate and low toxicity rate. But local failure occurred frequently after the remission and large tumor size was a poor prognostic factor. Further investigations are needed to improve the local control.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.58-69
• /
• 1990

ABSTRACT: In order to find physiologically active components from higher fungi, hot-water soluble components were extracted from the basidiocarps of Ganoderma lucidum. The extract was purified and separated by DEAE cellulose ion exchange chromatography and Sepharose CL-4B gel filtration method. The separated fractions were designated CR, IN, IA, GL and GH. Fraction GL showed the highest antitumor activity among the fractions and its molecular weight was found to be 47 KD. The tumor inhibition ratio of Fr. GL was 81 % at the dose of peritoneal administration of 20 mg/kg/day for 10 days in mice. Chemical analysis of this fraction showed 82% polysaccharide, 8% protein and 0.9% hexosamine. The polysaccharide moiety consisted of 63% glucose, 27% galactose, 7% mannose and 3% fucose. Fraction IN was found to increase the amount of superoxide anion in activated macrophages to 1.6-fold and the number of plaques in hemolytic plaque assay to 6-fold, respectively. These results indicate that the antitumor activity was exerted through immunopotentiation, but not through direct cytotoxicity against the tumor.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.163-171
• /
• 2005

Background: To perform the successful dendritic cell-based cancer immunotherapy one of the main issues to be solved is the source of antigen for DC pulsing. Limitations occur by using auto-tumor lysate due to the difficulties obtaining enough tumor tissue(s) quantitatively as well as qualitatively. In this study the possibility of allogeneic tumor cell lysate as a DC pulsing antigen has been tested in mouse melanoma pulmonary me tastasis model. Methods: B16F10 melanoma cells $(1{\timeS}10^5/mouse)$ were inoculated intra venously into the C57BL/6 mouse. Therapeutic DCs were cultured from the bone marrow myeloid lineage cells with GM-CSF and IL-4 (1,000 U/ml each) for 7 days and pulsed with lysate of either autologous B16F10 (B-DC), allogeneic K1735 (C3H/He origin; K-DC) or CloneM3 (DBA2 origin; C-DC) melanoma cells for 18 hrs. Pulsed-DCs $(1{\times}10^6/mouse)_{[CGP1]}$ were injected i.p. twice with one week interval starting from the day 1 after tumor cell inoculation. Results: Without observable toxicity, allogeneic tumor cell lysate pulsed-DC induced the significantly better anti-tumor response (tumor scale: $2.7{\pm}0.3,\;0.7{\pm}0.3\;and\;0.3{\pm}0.2$ for saline, B-DC and C-DC treated group, respectively). Along with increased tumor specific lymphocyte proliferations, induction of IFN-${\gamma}$ secretion against both auto- and allo-tumor cell lysates was observed from the DC treated mice. (w/B16F10-lysate: $44.97{\pm}10.31,\;1787.94{\pm}131.18,\;1257.15{\pm}48.27$, w/CloneM3 lysate: 0, $1591.13{\pm}1.83,\;1460.47{\pm}86.05pg/ml$ for saline, B-DC and C-DC treated group, respectively) Natural killer cell activity was also increased in the mice treated with tumor cell lysate pulsed-DC ($8.9{\pm}_{[CGP2]}0.1,\;11.6{\pm}0.8\;and\;12.6{\pm}0.7%$ specific NK activity for saline, B-DC and C-DC treated group, respectively). Conclusion: Conclusively, promising data were obtained that allogeneic-tumor cell lysate can be used as a tumor antigen for DC-based cancer immunotherapy.