• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.154-155
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• 2005

A trial excavation of underwater cultural properties at Dongsam site in Busan has been conducted. The site is located in the vicinity of Dongsam shell mound. The trial excavation consists of the shore investigation and the underwater investigation. For the shore investigation four trenches were digged. For the underwater investigation twenty boreholes were cored, and sediments at four predetermined sites were removed by air lifting technique. From the trial excavation a stump of a tree with many pieces of wood, and a few fragments of earthenwares were found. A comprehensive study of the trail excavation might furnish data for studying ancient coastal environment.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.333-341
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• 2014

Since distribution and preservation of cultural artifacts in the submarine sediments are directly affected by not only ocean currents and tides, but also their composition, it is very important to investigate geological characteristics of sediments and ocean-sediment interactions for maritime archaeological survey. Physical properties of submarine sediments, which are collected by grab sampler and vibro-corer, are analyzed in order to investigate effects of submarine environment on development of maritime archaeological survey techniques. Result of physical property analysis showed that bulk density, shear strength, and magnetic susceptibility increase with depth, while water contents and porosity decrease with depth. Since the magnetic susceptibility of bedrock is about 40 times that of submarine sediments, it might impact greatly on the response of magnetic survey. Physical properties of sediments with depth and sediment classification by Folk's ternary diagram indicate that submarine sediment mainly consists of silt, and cultural artifacts can not penetrate no deeper than 1.5 m in sediments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2020.07a
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• pp.413-414
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• 2020

본 논문에서는 수중 문화재를 주제로 오감 인터랙션을 활용한 디지로그 전시 기법을 연구한다. 영상을 활용한 디지털미디어가 중심인 기존의 전시 기법에 시각, 청각, 촉각과 같은 다양한 감각기관을 활용한 인터랙션을 추가함으로써 관람객에게 새로운 경험을 제공하고자 한다. 프로젝션 매핑, 증강현실과 같은 디지털 기술과 난파선과 자갈, 실물 크기의 모형 유물과 같은 아날로그를 결합하여 관람객에게 실재감을 주어 효과적인 몰입감(flow)을 유도하고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.14
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• pp.156-196
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• 1981

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.18
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• pp.112-136
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• 1985

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.5
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• pp.53-61
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• 1971

현재상태(現在狀態)에서 기온(氣溫)과 그 관계(關係)의 영역을 결정(決定)함에 있어서 우리는 아직도 실험(實驗)에 의한 충분(充分)한 자료(資料)를 우리 수중(手中)에 갖고 있지 않은데 그 자료(資料)는 극히 방대하고 시간(時間)이 소요되는 것으로서 그 자료(資料)를 모으는 일은 이런 자료(資料)를 현실화(現實化)시키는데 필요(必要)할 것이다. 현재(現在)의 예술품(藝術品)에서 부식(腐蝕)을 관찰(觀察)함으로서 이미 지금(至今)까지 얻어진 실험(實驗)에 의한 사실(事實)들로부터 또 물질(物質)은 락(落)한다는 일반적(一般的)인 인식(認識)과 더불어 이미 고려한 특별(特別)한 자연현상(自然現象)으로부터 우리는 문화재(文化財)의 보호(保護)에 합리적(合理的)으로 알맞다고 여겨지는 기후조건(氣候條件)의 영역을 결정(決定)할 수 있다. 일본(日本)에서는 곤충(昆蟲)과 곰팡이 때문에 발생(發生)하는 손해(損害)도 결코 무시(無視)되어지지 않으며 이 손해(損害)들을 피하기 위하여 20℃ 이하(以下)의 기온(氣溫)과 60% 이하(以下)의 상대습도(相對濕度)의 제한은 바람직하다. 물질(物質)은 형태(形態)에 있어서 보다 낮은 기온(氣溫)과 보다 낮은 습도(濕度)의 변화(變化)에 관(關)한 이론(理論)상의 일반적(一般的)인 상식(常識)과 실험(實驗)에 의한 사실(事實)들은 보다 낮은 기온(氣溫)은 문화재(文化財)를 이루는 물질(物質)의 상태(狀態)에 변화(變化)를 일으키지 않는다는 것을 말해준다. 금속이나 일본(日本)칠기와 같은 몇몇 특별(特別)한 예외는 있지만 권위자는 일반적(一般的)으로 그 물체(物體)를 위해서 10~20℃의 기온(氣溫)과 50~60%의 상대습도(相對濕度)의 영역을 추천(推薦)한다.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.174-193
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• 2023

Korea is surrounded by the sea and has rivers connecting to it throughout the inland areas, which has been a geographical characteristic since ancient times. As a result, there have been exchanges and conflicts with various countries through the sea, and rivers have facilitated the transportation of ships carrying grain, goods paid for by taxes, and passengers. Since the past, the sea and rivers have had a significant impact on the lives of Koreans. Consequently, it is expected that there are many cultural heritages submerged in the sea and rivers, and continuous efforts are being made to discover and preserve them. Underwater cultural heritage is difficult to discover due to its location in the sea or rivers, making direct visual observation and exploration challenging. To overcome these limitations, various geophysical survey techniques are employed. Geophysical survey methods utilize the physical properties of elastic waves, including their reflection and refraction, to conduct surveys such as bathymetry, underwater topography and strata. These techniques detect the physical characteristics of underwater objects and seafloor formation in the underwater environment, analyze differences, and identify underwater cultural heritage located on or buried in the seabed. Bathymetry uses an echo sounder, and an underwater topography survey uses a side-scan sonar to find underwater artifacts lying on or partially exposed to the seabed, and a marine shallow strata survey uses a sub-bottom profiler to find underwater heritages buried in the seabed. However, the underwater cultural heritage discovered in domestic waters thus far has largely been accidental findings by fishermen, divers, or octopus hunters. This study aims to analyze and summarize the latest research trends in equipment used for underwater cultural heritage exploration, including bathymetric surveys, underwater topography surveys and strata surveys. The goal is to contribute to research on underwater cultural heritage investigation in the domestic context.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.34
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• pp.210-220
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• 2001

UNESCO convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage(hereafter 'UCH')was adopted in the Fourth meeting of governmental experts on the draft Convention on the protection of UCH. Accordingly, Korea will prepare an appropriate policy for the protection of UCH. This article aims to give policy directions for the protection of UCH in Korea. Korea has some legislation relating to protection of cultural property. However, these legislation did not have effective schemes to protect UCH. Moreover, the Cultural Properties Administration which is a primary agency for protecting UCH has been ineffective in their effort for protecting UCH. To Protect UCH, I suggest establishment of law relating to protection of UCH, designation of competent authorities for protection of UCH in accordance to UNESCO Convention, and establishment of a long term national plan for protection of UCH.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.26 no.4_2
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• pp.697-703
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• 2023

Intertidal zones, akin to tidal flats, are among the potential areas where underwater cultural heritage might be submerged. However, the shallow depths in these regions present challenges for conventional vessel-based survey methods. Moreover, during low tides, intertidal zones transform into tidal flats, limiting the efficiency of survey efforts due to restricted access and potential risks. As a result, proper underwater cultural heritage surveys encounter difficulties in these environments. In recent times, extensive research is underway to address these issues by investigating underwater cultural heritage surveys in intertidal zones, encompassing diverse fields, including equipment-based investigations. This study aimed to explore the feasibility of utilizing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to conduct intertidal cultural heritage surveys, employing aerial photography and 3D mapping to create detailed orthoimages and 3D models. The study focused on assessing the potential application of these techniques for cultural heritage surveying within intertidal zones. Notably, the survey conducted in Jindo's Naesan-ri demonstrated high-resolution capabilities, enabling the distinction of actual pottery fragments mixed within gravel fields. Similarly, in the survey of Jindo's Byeokpa-hang, it was found that a wooden pillar structure existed in a section about 200m long. The integration of various sensors, including LiDAR, with UAVs allows for diverse investigation possibilities, including bathymetric measurements, and is expected to facilitate the acquisition of varied datasets for further research and assessment.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.236-259
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• 2010

The examination of sediment distribution in Seongryu Cave shows existence of rocks contrasting with Joseon Supergroup contrary to existing knowledge. Contrasting especially with the Taeback Group, Daegi Formation, Hwajeol Formation, and Dongjeom Formation has been observed. Unlike Taeback area where Dumugol Formation and Makgol Formation are observed on top of Dongjeom Formation, the rocks of this area are not clear in its separation between the two, so that it was named Geunnam Formation. Seongryu Cave has been developed in this Ordovician Geunnam Formation of the Joseon Supergroup. The cave, mostly horizontal, runs in the NE-SW direction, and contains three lakes. The main passage and branches are about 330 m and 540 m, respectively, making the total length of the cave about 870 m (show cave area = 270 m). Through underwater examination, about 85 m-long underwater passage was newly discovered. Various speleothem such as soda straw, stalactite, stalagmite, column, flowstone, rimston, cave shield, cave coral, curtain, bacon sheet, cave pearl, cave flower, helictite and calcite raft can be found in the cave. There are sections with constant flow of cavern water, but the majority of cavern water in the cave come from the ceiling. The most important discovery in this study is the presence of various speleothem in the submerged part of cave passages. Traces of corrosion and/or erosion can be observed in the speleothem in the submerge passage.