• Journal of the KSME
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.845-858
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• 1994

1988년 이전에는 한국의 석유화학공장은 다른 나라에 비하여 관리상태나 손해상황이 양호한 공 장으로 여겨져 거의 안전도조사(underwriting survey)가 실시되지 않았으나 1989년 이후부터 보험사고가 급격히 증가, 보험금 지급이 많아져 위험조사를 실시한 후 보험을 인수하게 되었다. 일반적으로 석유화학공업의 내용연수는 15년에서 20년으로 보고 있으며 미국, 일본 등 선진국 에서도 건설한지 20년을 전후해서 사고가 다발한다는 점은 국내 석유화학공장의 안전성 확보대 책에서 중요한 점을 시사한다. 석유화학공업의 안전성 확보대책으로서 해외재보험자가 요구하고 있는 "경영전반적인 위험관리"를 도입 추진하여야 할 것으로 사료된다. 여기에는 사전적 손해 방지대책을 포함하는 위험통제는 기본적으로 이루어져야 하며 사후적 대책인 위험재무도 경영 효율이 극대화되도록 하여야 한다. 그러나 최근 들어 국내공장의 사고빈발로 해외재보험자들이 재물손해의 자기부담금액(deductible)인상(business interuption)의 Time Excess연장(7일에서3 0일) 등의 보험조건을 강화하고 있다. 따라서 외국의 사고 경험에 비추어 국내 플랜트의 내용연 수가 거의 다 되어서 사고발생위험이 잠재하고 있고 석유화학공업의 특성상 사고빈도는 낮으나 손해규모가 대규모이고 국가경제에 기여하는 비율이 타산업에 비해 월등히 크다는 점 등에서 안전대책에 대한 경영자의 관심제고를 밑바탕으로 한 위험관리의 정착화, 안전기준 등의 국제 수준으로 향상 및 전문기술인력 확보를 통하여 사고발생 억제에 대하여 소홀히 해서는 안된다고 사료된다.안된다고 사료된다.작 원리 및 제조방법에 대하여 기술한다. 2차원 그래픽의 기능만으로도 충분한 역할을 수행할 수 있지만, 그 다음 단계인 기본설계나 상세설계와의 자료 공유를 생각하면, 3차원 그래 픽이 필요하다. 다만, 3차원 그래픽 기능을 추가하기 위해 많은 노력이 요구되는데, 현재 PHIG S와 x-window가 결합되어 PEX라는 라이브러리로 개발되고 있으므로 차후의 연구에 포함될 수 있을 것이며, 이 글에서는 간단한 2차원 그래픽 기능만을 이용하였다. 앞으로 PEX의 기능을 적 절히 구사하면, 좋은 효과를 볼 수 있을 것이다. 279cm 되게 하고 선축은 팬톰의 27번 절편과 28번 절편의 접변과 최대 전단면의 교차선과 일치시켜 양방향에서 15분씩 조사하여 전단면에서 선량을 측정하였다. 팬톰내 선축상 중앙점의 선량을 기준으로 다른 부위의 선량을 비교하였다. 두경부와 복부, 폐의 하반에서 선량의 차이는 $\pm$ 10% 이내였고, 폐의 상반과 어깨와 골반 부위에서 선량은 10%이상 저선량을 보였다. 특히 어깨부위에는 30%이상 저선량을 보였다. 이로부터 서울대병원과 유사한 조건에서 코발트로 전신조사하는 경우에는 폐나 두경부에 대응하는 조직보상체를 이용하기보다는 어깨부위에 선량을 추가하는 것이 바람직할 것이라고 생각한다.alpha$ 부분공간들의 합공간 역시 on-semistrbtifiable over $\alpha$ 하다. 6. 폐연속 net-cevering 함수에 의하여 cn-semistratifiable over $\alpha$ 성질이 보존된다. 보잘것이 없었고, 현재에도

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.328-336
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• 2013

This study was conducted to evaluate imported tomato $F_1$ cultivars as breeding materials for the resistance to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) by molecular markers and bioassay. From marker genotyping and disease evaluation of 40 $F_1$ cultivars, most of the cultivars declared as TYLCV-resistance carried heterozygous marker genotype for the TYLCV resistance genes Ty-1, Ty-3, or Ty-3a, and showed low disease rates. Whereas, 4 of 5 $F_1$ cultivars declared as intermediate resistance showed marker genotype for susceptibility and disease rates ranged 18.1-33.3%. However, the xx cultivars showed inconsistency in marker genotype and disease rate. Characterization of horticultural traits of the $F_1$ cultivars with TYLCV-resistance indicated that large-size fruit cultivars were higher in yield and similar in sugar contents and solid-acid ratio compared to a control cultivar preferred in the domestic market, although hardness remained to be a problem. On the other hand, cherry tomato cultivars showed lower yield and brix, but longer internode compared to a control cultivar, indicating that breeding for TYLCV-resistance using these cultivars will require more efforts and time compared to large-sized.

• Proceedings of the KOR-KST Conference
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• 1996.02a
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• pp.29-58
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• 1996

현재 서울은 교통사고문제, 교통혼잡문제와 자동차로부터 배출되는 유해가스에 의한 대기환경오염문제를 갖고 있다. 본 논문의 목적은 대기환경오염을 악화시키는 자동차의 주된 배출오염가스인 일산화탄소, 탄화수소 및 질소화합물량을 교차로 교통량을 중심으로 어떻게 계산하는가에 있다. 연구의 대상지역은 서울시의 송파구 교차로들과 도심지역의 링크들을 선택하였다. 그리고 교통량, 지체시간, 링크길이, 정지회수, 운행속도, 주행속도 등을 고려하여, 제작차 배출가스 허용기준, 총량기준, 불량차 기준, 속도기준 등에 의한 계수산정 및 TRAF-NETSIM에 의한 시뮬레이션을 통하여 일정 도로상의 제한된 범위내의 배출량 산출을 시도하였다. 본 연구의 결과에 의하면 첫째, 어느 방법이든 실제배출량의 정확한 값을 표현 할 수는 없는 것이고, 단지 상대적인 비교에 의하면 배출가스량의 수준을 추정 할 수 있었다. 또한, 시뮬레이션 배출율표를 우리 현실에 맞는 자료에 의해 수정할 수 있다면, 그 결과는 실제량에 보다 근접할 수 있을 것이다. 둘째, 서울도로의 현재 혼잡상태에서 속도의 저감에 배출량이 민감한 반응을 보이고 있다는 사실이다. 셋째, 교통량변화에 따른 배출량의 변화가 일산화탄소에서 가장 심하게 나타남을 알 수 있었고, 신호운영상의 옵셋값이 잘못 설정되면 탄화수소는 35%, 일산화탄소는 40%, 질소산화물은 75%까지 초과발생할 수 있으며, 유해배출가스량을 최소화시키는 측면에서의 신호최적화를 위해서는 현재의 Stop Penalty는 상향 조정되어야 함이 밝혀졌다. 앞으로는 자동차로 인한 대기환경오염 농도의 저감을 위해서는 도로별 자동차 유해가스 배출 총량규제 방안도 고려해 볼 가치가 있으며, 이를 위해 환경공학과 교통공학의 다학제적 공동연구가 지속적으로 필요하며 교통정책에 반영되어야 할 것이다.분석, 리용수 학모형대이십일세기상해항공운량진행예측, 제출발전상해항공운수적전 략목표급발전중점. 예측2020년 상해항공항총객운탄토량4300만인/년, 화운량달120만돈; 2050년객운량장달18150만인차/년, 화운량518만돈. 사, 발전상해민항기출경제정책, 제출위료$\ll$진흥상해, 개발포동, 복무전국, 면향세계$\gg$ 화도이십일세기중기국민경제달도중등발달국가수 평굉관전략목표적실현, 제료필수재지도사상상파교통운수진정방도전략 산업지위, 환응재관리체제상채취과단유효적개혁조시, 재기출경제정책 상급여대력부지. 오, 전략목표, 위파상해건설성위태평양서안최대적경제, 김융, 무역적중심, 요구상해항공항성위화동지구통향세계각지항선망출발참, 구성대외개방선면축심, 실현국제항선적함접화국내항반적전항, 형성다축심복사식항선망; 가강기장건설, 개피포동제이국제기장건설, 괄응포동개발경제발전적수요. 부화개시일은 각 5월 26일과 5월 22일이었다. 11. 6월 중순에 애벌레를 대상으로 처리한 Phenthoate EC가 96.38%의 방제가로 약효가 가장 우수하였고 3월중순 및 4월중순 월동후 암컷을 대상으로 처리한 Machine oil, Phenthoate EC 및 Trichlorfon WP는 비교적 약효가 낮았다.>$^{\circ}$E/$\leq$30$^{\circ}$NW 단열군이 연구지역 내에서 지하수 유동성이 가장 높은 단열군으로 추정된다. 이러한 사실은 3개 시추공을 대상으로 실시한 시추공 내 물리검층과 정압주입시험에서도 확인된다.. It was resulted from increase of weight of single cocoon. "Manta"2.5ppm produced 22.2kg of cocoon. It is equal to 9% increase i

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.103-117
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• 2002

Recently, many researchers have developed applications for automated contract and negotiation using agent technologies on electronic commerce. Especially, they have tried to study negotiation mechanism applying agent instead of buyers and sellers. Traditional researches, however, often had limitations. In the researches of automated negotiation, the agents had to negotiate with the other agents for a simple negotiation issue because the mechanisms were naive. In the researches of negotiation by user interaction, the agents did not have supported the procedures and methodologies for making the automated negotiation but only supported the users by providing communication environment during the negotiation process by users. In this paper, we propose efficient negotiation model using the modified negotiation model of the game theory. In the proposed model, the agents negotiate automatically with the partner agent and make good benefits by the strategic method during the negotiation process. Each agent makes negotiation issues with user's requirements and exchanges its suggestion alternatively in each step of the negotiation process. The agent evaluates degree of satisfaction for the opposite's suggestion and uses it in the next step of suggestion. To find out the negotiation strategies of opposite side, the agent uses teaming by weights of issues. As a result, the agent improves each own benefits for the contract and reduces the unbalance of its benefits through the proposed negotiation mechanism. We implement the negotiating agents according to the proposed mechanism and prove the efficiency of the proposed model by various experimentation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.129-136
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• 2004

In this paper, we proposed quad variable rates ADPCM coding method for efficient speech transmission and real time porcessing is implemented on TMS320C6711-DSP. The modified ADPCM with four variable coding rates, 16[kbps], 24[kbps], 32[kbps] and 40[kbps] are used for speech window samples for good quality speech transmission at a small data bits and real time encoding and decoding is implemented using DSP. ZCR is used to identify the influence of the noise on the speech signal and to decide the rate change threshold. For noise superior signals, low coding rates are applied to minimize data bit and for noise inferior signals, high coding rates are applied to enhance the speech quality. In most speech telecommunications, silent period takes more than half of the signals, speech quality close to 40[kbps] can be obtained at comparabley low data bits and this is shown by simulation and experiments. TMS320C6711-DSK board has 128K flash memory and performance of 1333MIPS and has meets the requirements for real time implementation of proposed coding algorithm.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2017

For people who have a food allergy the only way to manage the allergy is to avoid the food allergen. The mackerel is one of the major food allergens, but no immunoassay for the rapid and simple detection of mackerel has been reported. The objectives of this study are to develop and characterize monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific to mackerel using thermal stable-soluble proteins (TSSP) as an immunogen and to characterize the MAbs by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). The mice immunized with mackerel TSSP and showing high titer were used for cell fusion and cloning. The characterization of MAbs produced from hybridoma cells obtained was confirmed by indirect ELISA and western blot. Four MAbs were confirmed to be specific to mackerel without cross-reaction to other marine products and livestock products in the both methods. The iELISA and western blot based on the MAbs can sensitively detect 1% mackerel protein in other marine products. These results support that immunochemical methods based on the MAb produced could be used as rapid means to detect low levels of mackerel and to identify mackerel adulterated in food.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.299-303
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• 2007

The objective of this study was the development of immunochromatography (ICG) for the rapid and accurate detection of Listeria monocytogenes. Here, monoclonal antibodies (MAb) were conjugated with 40 nm colloidal gold particles, where the conjugate was used as the detection reagent in the ICG. The ICG was composed of three pads (sample, conjugate, and absorbance pads) and one nitrocellulose membrane. The colloidal gold-MAb conjugate was applied to the conjugate pad, and the test line and control line on the membrane were treated with MAb (FKLM-3BI2-37) and anti-mouse IgG, respectively. The detection limit of the ICG was $10^{5}$ cell/mL and it showed no cross-reaction to food borne pathogens. We inoculated meat and lettuce samples with various counts of L. monocytogenes, and analyzed them by ICG. All the inoculated meat samples gave positive results after enrichment for 24 h in LEB. These results indicate that ICG was able to serve as a primary screening tool for L. monocytogenes in various foods and agricultural products within 20 min after enrichment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.311-318
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• 2016

The VTS concept was located as a principal methods of maritime safety administration in world's major harbors and expected to become the pivotal role for the future of the maritime and harbor society with e-Navigation epoch. If recent limelight concept of big-data has been included in aspect of information gathering and analysis with various studies, it's required advanced studies to improve the information analysis capability and application range of the data that can be mining by the VTS. In this study, contrast to other studies that aimed quantitative analysis as communication number, it can be mining the time information and each of the communication VTS for the target vessel, including qualitative analysis, such as the purpose or the type of communication. This comparison across multiple items of the collected information, and presenting the VTS data mining model (VCDF) that can be analyzed for the purpose of analyzing way, type and number of communication by ship's type, also number of violations through VTS communication. First, In Busan port case, it shows frequently information service and shows frequently communicating with particular types of vessels. Second, Passive VTS carried out notwithstanding many kinds of traffic violations due to communication congestion. This arranged information can be used as data for the analysis, as possible the level of traffic for VTSO situational awareness, which pointed to the 'workloads' in 'IALA Guideline' and could be used as a database for future research of e-Navigation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.664-676
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• 2018

This study used raw data from the Korea Medical Panel Survey for 2014 to analyze the factors affecting the cost of medicine expenditure. A total of 3,107 people with medical expenses were selected for the final analysis. Analysis methods were frequency analysis, crossover analysis, regression analysis and t-test. The significance level of all tests was p = .05. The prescription cost was 72.4%, the minimum cost was 84 won, the maximum cost was 270,653 won, and the highest amount was 'over 3,000 won~less than 10,000 won' (31.7%). The general pharmaceuticals cost was 81.8%, the minimum cost was 800 won, the maximum cost was 2,718,000 won, and the highest amount was 'less than 20,000 won' (31.4%). The herbal medicine cost was 9.4%, the minimum cost was 4,000 won, the maximum cost was 2,700,000 won, and the highest amount was 'over 100,000 won' (37.8%). The medicines expenditure was the maximum cost was 2,760,093 won, and the highest amount was 'over 100,000 won' (27.0%). Factors affecting medicine expenditure were gender, marital status, income quintile, easement, and subjective health status.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.497-505
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of private health insurance subscribers and non-subscribers as they relate to severely ill patients, and to identify the factors of participation. The study was conducted using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 2015, and data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 23.0. The subjects were 417 patients with severe disease (cancer, heart disease, cerebrovascular disease) over 19 years of age. Crossover analysis was employed to identify differences between the state of private health insurance participation, while binary logistic regression analysis was used to confirm the factors affecting private health insurance subscription. Analysis of the effects of the subjects on the private health insurance participation rate revealed that the social and demographic characteristics were higher in younger individuals regardless of sex, residence, or marital status. Moreover, higher household income, regardless of the education level, was associated with a higher participation rate of health insurance target individuals compared to medical benefit target individuals. The private health insurance participation rate was low and the explaining power was 51.7%, regardless of subjective health awareness and walking practice. Therefore, efforts should be made to improve the living environment and support local governmental programs for the elderly, low income households, socially vulnerable groups with limited activities and groups with limited health behavior. It is also necessary to consider various health policies, such as providing government health education or programs to prevent severe illness.