• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.6-9
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• 2000

Chemical components such as vitamins, fatty acids, amino acids and rutins in the leaves of the Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc., Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc., Pinus rigida Mill., Pinus thunbergii Parl. were analyzed. The vitamin A content in the P. densiflora and vitamin C content in the P. thunbergii were obtained more than the others. Oleic acid, linolenic acid, palmitic acid and lauric acid were the major fatty acids among 19 fatty acids detected in 4 kinds of pinus leaves and the only essential fatty acid of linolenic acid was also identified. The major amino acids were glutamic acid, leucine, arginine and aspartic acid among 17 kinds of amino acids detected in the pinus leaves and the amount of essential amino acids was 47.6% in P. densiflora. The highest amount of rutin was 10.34% in P. thunbergii.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.82 no.2
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• pp.176-187
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• 1993

Based on the analysis of ecomorphological characters for 84 tree and shrub species, climax indices were estimated so as to interpret the position of the successional sere for the species in the natural deciduous forest. Nineteen ecomorphological characters, considered to be associated with successional gradient in the forest, were selected for the study. One of 2 to 4 steps per character for each species was given on a standardized scale of increasing climaxness, and the index was computed by percent of the sum of the scoring values for total score. Calculated mean value of 54.2 for all indices. Carpinus laxiflora had the highest index value of 83.3, and Populus davidiana recorded the lowest of 18.8. The most climax group, greater than 70 of the index, contained only 9 species, intermediate group, between 40 to 70 of the index, had 58 species, and the most pioneer group, less than 40 of the index comprised 17 species. The result has noticed that the large number of species would take advantage of most diverse resource and niche in the intermediate stage of the sere in the forest. The three components, i.e., light absorption, reproduction, and wood quality were used as axes for a 3-dimensional projection of the relative position for 44 species by principal component analysis. Along the similar ecomorphological characters, four recognized species group were classified by cluster analysis. The distribution pattern of plant families on the index gradient showed that the Betulaceae and Aceraceae had the widest seral amplitude, and the Salicaceae was a family typified as pioneer. There were no families specializing entirely with climax niche.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.290-295
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• 2005

본 실험은 경주 월성해자와 일정교지에서 발굴된 고목재를 시료로 사용하였다. 월성 해자 5점, 일정교지 2점으로 총 7점을 대상으로 수종분석과 연륜연대 해석을 실시하였다. 수종분석은 광학현미경을 사용하여 식별을 하였으며, 연륜연대 해석은 연륜측정후 연륜분석 컴퓨터프로그램과 그래프 일치도를 육안으로 비교하여 실시하였다. 7개의 시료 전부 밤나무였다. 밤나무는 현재 평남과 함남 이남에 분포하는 수종으로 특히 따뜻한 남부지방에 살기 적합한 수종이다. 각 시료간의 상대연도를 확인한 결과는 월성해자 목재의 수령은 $31{\sim}37$년 일정교지는 45년으로 확인 되었다. 월성해자의 각 시료들은 동시대이나 벌채기간은 6년 차이가 났다. 일정교지의 시료에서는 일치성을 확인하지 못했다.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.21-30
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to comprehend inter-species association and factors affecting species composition by factor analysis and to classify forest types of natural forests in Dootasan. We examined the correlation (positive or negative) of the major species by correlation analysis, the selection of three factors affecting the species composition by factor analysis, cluster analysis on the basis of factor scores, and the evaluation of the results of forest type classification by ANOVA. The outputs of correlation analysis were closely associated with those of factor analysis. The first factor affecting species composition was found to be the decline phenomenon of Pinus densiflora during forest succession process. The second and third factors were growth environments in valley and slope, respectively. The cluster analysis was carried out based on three factors affecting the species composition. The results indicated that the study area was classified into four forest types as follows: Quercus mogolica-Acer mono-Fraxinus rhynchophylla community, Q. mongolica community, Q. mongolica-Tilia amunrensis community and Pinus densiflora community. The dominant species of each community in the four classified forest types were significantly different (p<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.296-302
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• 2001

계룡산국립공원 연천봉고개(해발 700m)를 중심으로 남향사면인 시원사~원천봉고개와 북향사면인 갑사~연천봉고개를 대상으로 사면방향과 해발고에 따른 교목층과 아교목층의 산림구조를 조사분석하였다. 남향사면은 북향사면에 비하여 교목측의 밀도는 높은 반면 평균흉고직경은 작았다. 특수한 지형인 주능선부에 위치하는 정부를 제외하며, 해발고가 높아짐에 따라 교목층과 아교목층 전체의 평균흉고직경과 흉고단면적인 남향사면에서는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 북향사면은 남향사면에 비하여 교목층과 아교목층 전체의 동다양도와 균재고가 높았다. 남향사면에서 해발고가 높아짐에 따라 중요치가 증가하는 수종은 느티나무, 졸참나무, 까지박달, 신갈나무등이었으며, 중요치가 감소하는 수종은 굴참나무, 서어나무, 때죽나무 등이었다. 북향사면의 경우 해발고가 높아짐에 따라 중요치가 증가하는 수종은 까치박달, 쪽동백나무 등이며, 중요치가 감소하는 수종은 때죽나무, 졸참나무 등이었다. Cluster 분석결과 남향사면중, 하부의 굴참나무-낙엽활엽수군집지, 남향사면 상부와 북향사면상, 중의 신갈나무-낙엽활엽수군집, 북향사면 하부와 정부의 신갈나무-소나무군집 등 3개 군집으로 구분되었다. 굴참나무, 산벚나무, 밤나무 등 3개 수종간에는 유의적인 정의 상관이 있었으며, 유의적인 정의 상관을 보인 굴참나무, 산벚나무, 밤나무 등 3개 수종은 당당풍과 유의적인 부의 상관이 있었다.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.329-334
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• 2014

A scientific analysis of ancient textiles provides significant data to understand weaving techniques and culture of textiles in each region and charateristics of materials used at that time. In addition, species identification of waterlogged wooden objects is a scientific analysis method that allow us to verify information of relation of foreign species trade and exchange, of preferable species through kinds of wooden products, and of forest environment as well as method setting of conservation. As a result of a species analysis about historical textiles and a wooden comb in a bronze bowl that were excavated from Hapgang-ri, Dong-Myun, Yungi-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, Textile1 and Textile3 are identified as Urticacese Boehmeri nivea ; ramie, Textie2 is identified as Malvaceae Gossypium herbaceum, and a wooden comb is identified as Betulaceae Betula spp. It is expected that this result will help to make further comparative studies, identifying species of textiles and trees of ancient times.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1999

Noticing the intrinsic growing habit variations of hardwood species which is indigenous to the natural deciduous forest, eighteen tree species in overstory were selected for comparative evaluating tree form so as to develop the tree form index (TFI). Selected six tree form attributes were arbitrarily divided four assessment criteria and given appropriate scores. Eighteen tree species were undergone corresponding scores, converted to percentage base, and estimated TFI by the summation of the six scoring values. Cluster analysis was carried out to review which attribute would have been shared among species based on dissimilarity of scores for each pair of species in $18{\times}6$ data matrix. The result showed that Populus davidiana had the highest TFI value of 80.8 and Carpinus cordata had the lowest TFI va1ue of 46.3. The species which received more than 70 of TFI are Populus davidiana, Betula costata, Fraxinus mandshurica, and Ulmus davidiana var. japonica, characterized by the advantage of straight and longer bole, the narrower crown, and the thinner branch. On the contrary, such species as Sorbus alnifolia. Prunus sargentii, Acer mandshuricum, Juglans mandshurica, and Carpinus cordata received less than 60 of TFI, characterized by the disadvantage of the crooked or forked stem. the wider or deeper crown. and the thicker branch. In the dendrogram produced by cluster analysis, arbitrary value of Euclidean distance 10 divided eighteen species into four distinctive groups. and the typical characteristics of each group were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze how many species of trees presented with scientific names are on the written test for engineer landscape architecture, as their usage has increased in the landscape industry in recent years. The following is the result of comparing and analyzing the species of trees which are frequently used in landscape, planting construction, and the scientific name questions presented in the previous 6 years by year on the written test for engineer landscape architecture. First, the results of analyzing the examination question frequency by year in the landscape planting subject showed a gradually declining trend from 2014 after peaking at 56.6% in 2013. Second, 163 species of trees using scientific names were presented in questions on the written test for engineer landscape architecture over the previous 6 years and these included Betula platyphylla, Sophora japonica, Cercis chinensis, Taxus cuspidata. The number of species of trees used in landscape construction during the same period was 169 including Pinus densiflora, Chionanthus retusus, Cornus officinalis, Syringa dilatata. The result of interviews with landscape planting construction officials showed that when choosing the species of trees, they emphasize ecological characteristics, such as the ratio of trees to shrubs, flowers and autumn leaf characteristics, and also consider the morphological characteristics, landscape characteristics, economic feasibility, and the supply and demand situation. Third, it was found that 70 (42.9%) out of 163 species of trees presented with scientific names on the examination were not used in landscape planting construction and 76 (44.9%) out of 169 species were not used as material for questions. As for the scientific name questions, deciduous trees and evergreen shrubs accounted for the more questions, Evergreen and deciduous tree and shrubs were most common in landscape planting construction as well.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.303-310
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• 2001

계룡산국립공원 연애골 계곡부(해발 170-630m)의 해발고와 사면부위에 따른 교목층과 아교목층의 산림구조를 조사하기 위하여 해발고와 사면부위에 따란 48개 조사구를 설정하였다. 계곡 정부를 제외할 때, 해발고가 높아짐에 따라 교목층의 밀도는 증가하는 반면 아교목층의 밀도는 감소하였으며, 교목층과 아교목층 전체의 밀도는 별차이가 없었다. 흉고단면적은 계곡 하부와 중부가 상부에 비하여 높았다. 해발고가 높아짐에 따라 중요치가 증가하는 경향을 보이는 수종은 산길나무, 팥배나무, 쇠물푸레 등이었으며, 감소하는 경향을 보이는 수종은 산벚나무, 졸참나무, 때죽나무, 갈참나무, 밤나무 등이었다. 사면 하부에서 갈수록 중요치가 증가하는 경향을 보이는 수종은 소나무, 신갈나무, 쪽동백나무, 쇠물푸레 드잉었으며, 감소하는 경향을 보이는 수종은 느티나무, 때죽나무, 비목나무, 고로쇠나무 등이었다. 해발고대별 종다양의 범위는 0.971~1.273이었으며, 종다양도와 종수는 계곡 중부가 계곡하부와 상부에 비하여 다소 낮았으나 균재도는 유사하였다. 계곡 정부를 제외한 해발고대간 유사도지수는 30.8~63.7%, 사면부위간 유사도지수는 69.8~79.5%로서 사면부위보다 해발고에 따른 종구성상태의 변화가 더 크게 나타났다. 수종별 중요치에 의한 Cluster 분석 결과 계곡 하부의 사면 상. 중, 하부에 위치한 때죽나무-소나무-낙엽활엽수군집, 계곡 중부의 사면 상, 중, 하부에 위치한 굴참나무-낙엽활엽수군집 계곡 상부의 상. 중. 하부에 위치한 물푸레나무-낙엽활엽수군집, 계곡 정부에 위치한 소나무-신갈나무군집 등 4개 유형군집으로 구분되었다. 종상관을 분석한 결과 느티나무, 물푸레나무, 고로쇠나무, 팽나무, 회나무 등 5개 수종간, 소나무, 쇠물푸레, 산철쭉 등 3개 수종간 유의적인 정의 상관을 보였다. 유의적인 정의 상관을 보인 느티나무, 물푸레나무, 회나무, 사람주나무 등 4개 수종 모두 소나무와 유의적인 부위 상관을 보였으며, 유의적인 정의 상관을 보인 졸참나무는 유의적인 정의 상관을 보인 물푸레나무, 사람주나무, 회나무와, 유의적인 부의 상관을 보였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2021.11a
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• pp.588-591
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• 2021

4차 산업혁명 시대가 도래하면서 세상이 빠른 속도로 변하고 있다. 특히 데이터·인공지능(AI, Artificial Intelligence)의 활용이 적극적으로 다양한 분야에서 적용되기 시작하고 있다. 하지만 산림수종을 분석하는 업무를 수행하는 과정은 수작업으로 진행하다 보니 오류가 다수 발생하고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 수도권 항공사진을 이용하여 소나무, 낙엽송, 침엽수, 활엽수를 대상으로 자동으로 분석하는 AI 학습용 데이터 약 60,000장을 구축하고, 수종을 구분할 수 있는 AI 모델을 개발하였다. 이를 통해 산림변화탐지 및 산림 분야 주제도 제작 시 수종 분할 이미지를 기초자료로 활용함으로써 업무효율 증대를 기대할 수 있다.