• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2022

In accordance with the 4th Industrial Revolution, the water resource management field is also making efforts to introduce and advance the 4th industrial revolution core technologies to hydrological observation and interpretation sectors, but the river management and operation fields are relatively inferior in technology. Although various smart technologies are being developed for the analysis and operation of phenomena occurring in rivers, it is necessary to develop technologies to effectively apply them in practice. Therefore, in this study, core technologies for smart river management were derived by analyzing the level of on-site smart technology in the SOC field and the current status and characteristics of element technologies for river management, and future technologies were suggested.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.306-309
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• 2022

Recently, the frequency of earthquakes is rapidly increasing in Korea. As a result, concerns about earthquakes are increasing. Response and recovery in the event of an earthquake are also important, but it is necessary to identify management vulnerabilities in advance and perform prevention and preparation activities. K-water collects real-time earthquake data by operating an earthquake accelerator to manage facilities safe from earthquakes. In addition, real-time data is transmitted to external organizations. Therefore, various efforts are being made to improve the quality of data. In order to reduce the management vulnerability of the earthquake monitoring system in advance, high-quality data can be produced by minimizing the delay time of data collection and establishing a real-time quality analysis system and base for earthquake data using big data. Accordingly, it is expected to protect the lives and property of the people from earthquake disasters by securing dam safety management and high-quality earthquake data and providing rapid data to external institutions.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.11
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• pp.923-929
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• 2022

The Chuncheon Mullori area is an underprivileged area of water welfare where local water supply is not supplied, and it is supplying water to the villages with small water supply facilities using lateral flow and groundwater as water sources. This is an area with poor water supply conditions, such as relying on water trucks due to water shortages during the recent severe drought. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of water shortage during drought and to prepare for the increasing water demand, a sand dam was installed along the valley, and this facility has been operating since May 2022. In this study, repeated simulations were performed according to the hydraulic conductivity of the filler material and the storage coefficient value for the inflow condition for about two years from mid-March 2020 to mid-March 2022. For each case, the amount of discharge through the perforated drain pipe was calculated. Overall, as the hydraulic conductivity increased, the amount of discharge and its ratio increased. However, when the hydraulic conductivity of the second floor was relatively low, the amount of discharge increased and then decreased as the hydraulic conductivity of the third floor increased. This is considered to be due to the fact that the water level was kept low due to the rapid drainage compared to the net inflow into the third floor because the water permeability of the third floor and the drainage coefficient of the drain pipe were large. As a result of simulating the flow of the open channel in the upper part of the sand dam as a hypothetical groundwater layer with very high hydraulic conductivity, the decrease in discharge rate was slower than the increase in the hydraulic conductivity of the hypothetical layer, but it was clearly shown that the discharge volume decreased relatively as the hydraulic conductivity of the virtual layer increased.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.56 no.12
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• pp.981-992
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• 2023

Due to recent global climate change, the scale of flood damage is increasing as rainfall is concentrated and its intensity increases. Rain on a scale that has not been observed in the past may fall, and long-term rainy seasons that have not been recorded may occur. These damages are also concentrated in ASEAN countries, and many people in ASEAN countries are affected, along with frequent occurrences of flooding due to typhoons and torrential rains. In particular, the Bandung region which is located in the Upper Chitarum River basin in Indonesia has topographical characteristics in the form of a basin, making it very vulnerable to flooding. Accordingly, through the Official Development Assistance (ODA), a flood forecasting and warning system was established for the Upper Citarium River basin in 2017 and is currently in operation. Nevertheless, the Upper Citarium River basin is still exposed to the risk of human and property damage in the event of a flood, so efforts to reduce damage through fast and accurate flood forecasting are continuously needed. Therefore, in this study an artificial intelligence-based river flood water level forecasting model for Dayeu Kolot as a target station was developed by using 10-minute hydrological data from 4 rainfall stations and 1 water level station. Using 10-minute hydrological observation data from 6 stations from January 2017 to January 2021, learning, verification, and testing were performed for lead time such as 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 hour and LSTM was applied as an artificial intelligence algorithm. As a result of the study, good results were shown in model fit and error for all lead times, and as a result of reviewing the prediction accuracy according to the learning dataset conditions, it is expected to be used to build an efficient artificial intelligence-based model as it secures prediction accuracy similar to that of using all observation stations even when there are few reference stations.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.45 no.11
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• pp.1143-1156
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• 2012

One of the important purposes of most water resources systems is to prevent from drought damages. However, there are uncertainties in water supply plans from a reservoir due to factors such as limitation of available data, inaccuracy of surveyed data, unsuitability of analysis method, and climate change. In actual operating process, severe drought exceeding the water supply capability makes the normal water usage difficult. In Korea, however, alternative water source such as a development of new water project is very limited in case of water shortages due to drought. Especially, since there is no standard to evaluate the water supply effect considering severe drought damages, it is difficult to prepare the practical measures. In this study, water shortage events of existing multipurpose reservoirs are analyzed and the method of using low-storage emergency water supply is studied by using Water Shortage Index (WSI). The water shortage events are analyzed and the effect of water shortage decrease is evaluated using the existing inflow data of multi-purpose reservoirs. The results show that Imha, Daechung, Hapchon and Namkang reservoirs are highly vulnerable to the severe drought and required to develop additional emergency water source.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1422-1426
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 댐 특성(기능, 규모)별로 하류하천에 미치는 유량변화 문제를를 체계적으로 분석하고자 수문변 화지표법(Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration, Richter et al., 1996)을 적용하여 한국수자원공사에서 관리하는 소양강댐 등 11개 다목적댐과 광동댐 등 12개 용수전용댐의 일단위 유입량과 방류량 자료를 이용, 연최소 최대유량 크기와 지속기간, 유량변화정도 등을 분석하여 댐운영이 하류하천에 미치는 유량변화를 비교분석 하였다. 광동댐 등 12개 용수전용댐의 월 유량변화의 산정 결과, 갈수기에 해당하는 10월부터 다음해의 6월까지 8개월간은 댐건설전 월평균 방유량은 $0.64m^3/sec\sim3.05m^3/sec$이었으나, 댐건설후 월평균 방류량은 $0.33m^3/sec\sim2.99m^3/sec$로 -69.7%$\sim$167.8%의 분포를 나타내고 있으나 12월과 1월을 제외하면 댐 건설 이후 오히려 6.8%$\sim$69.7% 가 감소하였다. 우기철인 7월부터 9월까지 3개월간은 댐건설전 월평균 방류량이 $6.82m^3/sec\sim7.67m^3/sec$이었으나, 댐건설후 월평균 방류량은 $4.12m^3/sec\sim4.35m^3/sec$로 51.0%$\sim$55.1%가 감소하여 저수지 공용량을 이용한 저류효과가 다소 있었음을 알 수 있다. 용수전용댐과 다목적댐의 분석 결과를 비교하여 보면, 용수전용댐은 1일 최소유량의 경우는 평균적으로 76.52%가 증가하였으나 3일부터 90일 최소유량의 54.19%$\sim$67.19%까지 감소하여 갈수기 하류유량 개선효과는 없으나, 다목적댐의 경우는 1일 최소 유량은 743.76%가 증가하였으며 90일 최소 유량도 83.62%가 증가하여 갈수기 하류유량 개선 효과가 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 용수전용댐의 1일 최대유량의 경우는 37.8%가 감소되며 90일 최대유량은 38.5$\sim$51.0%까지 감소하여 홍수기 댐의 저류효과가 점차 증가하였다. 다목적댐의 경우는 1일 최대 유량은 59.4%가 감소하였으며 감소량은 점차 감소하여 90일 최대강우량은 30.1%가 감소하여 홍수기 댐 저류효과로 하류홍수량을 상당히 조절함을 알 수 있다.

• Water for future
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.179-188
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• 1996

The chronical sequences of daily precipitation are of great practical importance in the planning and operational processes of water resources system. A sequence of days with alternate dry day and wet day can be generated by two state Markov chain model that establish the subsequent daily state as wet or dry by previously calculated vconditional probabilities depending on the state of previous day. In this study, a synthetic generation model for obtaining the daily precipitation series is presented by classifying the precipitation amount in wet days into multi-states. To apply multi-state Markov chain model, the daily precipitation amounts for wet day are rearranged by grouping into thirty states with intervals for each state. Conditional probabilities as transition probability matrix are estimated from the computational scheme for stepping from the precipitation on one day to that on the following day. Statistical comparisons were made between the historical and synthesized chracteristics of daily precipitation series. From the results, it is shown that the proposed method is available to generate and simulate the daily precipitation series with fair accuracy and conserve the general statistical properties of historical precipitation series.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.2217-2221
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• 2008

정도 높은 유량자료는 수자원 분야의 연구와 실무에 있어 대단히 중요하다. 이런 유량자료를 연속적으로 측정하는 것은 현실적으로 어려운 문제이므로 하천에서 직접 측정된 수위-유량자료를 통해 수위-유량관계곡선을 작성하고, 이를 이용하여 연속적으로 관측된 수위에 대한 유량을 산출한다. 산정된 유량자료의 신뢰성을 평가하기 위해서 유출평가의 과정을 거치게 되며, 이를 위해 유출률 검토, 상 하류 유량검토, 누가유출량 평가, 첨두홍수량 및 저 평수기 동시유량 검토 등의 다양한 평가를 하게 된다. 정확한 유출평가를 위해서는 대상유역의 수계망도 및 배수계통도를 조사해야 하며, 하천 취수량, 댐 및 하수 방류량 등의 자료를 수집하여 물수지 분석을 실시해야 한다. 하지만 농업 지역의 경우 농업용수 공급을 위해 관개수로가 많이 설치되어 있어 배수계통이 매우 복잡하고, 관개수로를 통해 공급되는 정확한 용수량을 파악하는데 한계가 있어 정확한 유출평가가 어렵다. 국내 유역 중 농업 지역으로 복잡한 배수계통를 가지는 대표적인 유역은 동진강 유역이다. 동진강 유역은 섬진강 유역에 위치한 섬진강 댐에서 발전 및 농업용수 공급을 위해 유역변경식으로 동진강 유역으로 용수가 공급되고 있으며, 방류량은 동진강 본류 및 동진강 도수로, 김제간선, 정읍간선, 기타 간선 공급되는 복잡한 배수계통을 가지고 있다. 그리고 방류량 및 각 간선으로 공급되는 용수량은 인위적인 수문조작에 의해 운영되고 있어 유량자료의 평가를 위한 유출검토가 매우 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 복잡한 배수계통을 갖는 동진강 유역에서 2007년 유량측정을 통해 개발된 수위-유량관계 곡선 및 유량자료의 평가를 위해 유출평가를 실시하였다. 대상지점은 동진강 본류의 옹동과 태인 지점이며, 정확한 유출평가를 위해 수계망도 및 배수계통도를 조사하였고, 댐 방류량 및 각 간선으로 공급되는 용수량을 파악하여 물수지 분석을 하였다. 그 결과 2007년 전 기간 유출률은 옹동 53.4%, 태인 47.2%로 분석되었고, $6{\sim}$9월 주요 홍수기의 유출률이 옹동 60.1%, 태인 64.8%로 두 지점의 유출률 차가 심하지 않았고, 자연하천의 일반적인 유출률과 비슷한 결과를 보였다. 상 하류 유량검토를 통해서는 하류의 태인 지점이 상류의 옹동 지점보다 큰 정상적인 상 하류 관계를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과로서 동진강 유역의 옹동, 태인 지점의 유량자료는 적절하며, 측정된 유량자료를 토대로 개발된 수위-유량관계곡선식도 신뢰성이 높다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.85-97
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• 2017

In recent years, the damage scales of water disasters such as typhoons, tsunamis, and heavy snow have been increasing globally as a result of global warming and climate changes. In particular, the economic loss caused by typhoons has been increasing for overpopulated areas that have undergone economic development and urbanization since the 1960s. In this study, we investigated and analyzed satellite images captured before and after typhoons on the Korean peninsula, including Typhoon Chaba (2016), Typhoon Rusa ('02), and Typhoon Maemi ('03). There was a limitation in utilizing existing satellites. Domestic satellites have mostly been developed and operated for the observation of the weather, ocean, and topography, as well as for use in communication. There are therefore insufficient temporal and spatial observations for water management and disaster response. In this work, we expanded the scope to overseas satellites and collected data from GMS, TRMM, COMS, and GPM. In the future, it will be necessary to develop and launch water resources satellites that can provide sufficient temporal and spatial data analysis units to obtain rapid and accurate water hazard information for the Korean peninsula.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.48-48
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 미래 기후변화가 하천 및 호소수질에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 유역 수문-수질 모의가 가능한 SWAT(Soil and water assessment tool) 모형과 호소수질 모의가 가능한 WASP(Water Quality Simulation Program) 모형을 연계운영하여 충주호를 포함하는 충주댐 유역($6,642.0km^2$)에 적용하였다. 이를 위해 IPCC(Intergovernmental panel on climate change)에서 제공하는 A1B 배출시나리오를 포함하는 MIROC3.2 hires 모형의 결과로부터 충주댐 유역의 총 6개 기상관측소에 대한 과거 30년(1997~2006) 실측자료를 바탕으로 미래 온도와 강수에 대한 편이보정(Bias correction) 및 Change Factor Method로 상세화(Downscaling)하여 미래 기후자료(2020s, 2050s, 2080s)를 생산하였다. 미래 연평균 온도는 기준년도인 2000년에 비해 최대 $+4.8^{\circ}C$(2080s)의 온도증가를 보였으며, 강수량의 경우 여름과 가을 강수량이 다소 감소하였으나 연평균 강수량은 최대 +34.4%(2080s) 증가하는 것으로 전망되었다. 먼저, SWAT 모형을 이용한 기후변화에 따른 댐 유입량은 39.8%(2080s) 증가는 것으로 분석되었으며 유역의 유출특성 변화로 인한 유사량은 지표유출변화에 기인하여 봄과 겨울에 증가하는 경향과 함께 -14.5%(2020s) ~ +27.3%(2080s)의 변화를 보이는 것으로 분석되었다. 영양물질에 대한 오염부하량은 2080s에서 T-N이 증가추세를 보이며 최대 87.3% 까지 증가하는 반면, T-P는 유사량과 유사한 변화패턴을 보이며 최대 48.4%까지 감소하는 것으로 분석되었다. 호소수질 모델링을 위한 충주호의 Segment 구성은 충주댐1 지점에서부터 충주댐4 지점까지 전체 수표면적 $65.7km^2$에 대하여 상층과 하층 총 760개로 구성하였으며, SWAT 모형에 의한 충주호 유입하천 소유역에서의 미래 유출 및 영양물질 자료를 WASP 모형의 초기값으로 입력하여 수체 내의 BOD, Chl-a, T-N, T-P 변화 분석을 실시하였다. 이와 같이 지구 온난화에 의한 기후변화는 강우특성 변화에 따른 가뭄과 홍수 등 극한 기상현상의 발생, 유역 물순환 체계 변화를 야기 시키므로서 수자원 부존량 변화에 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라 기온상승에 따른 수온변화, 비점오염물질의 거동에도 변화를 초래하여 하천 및 호소 수질에 큰 영향을 미칠 것으로 판단된다.