• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.377-384
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• 2017

This study examined the possibility of solving the water shortage problem through the water reuse of buildings through the Suwon water reuse (greywater) facility installation project conducted as a pilot project of Ministry of Environment. Water reuse of individual building units can reduce city water demand by up to 25%. This is a level that can solve the water shortage problem in Korea. However, in order to revitalize the water reuse facilities of individual buildings, it is necessary to solve the problem of the user's rejection of the greywater and the economical problems. The resolution of the user's rejection can be solved by linking the MBR process with the AOP process. When the MBR process and the AOP process are operated in conjunction with each other, it is found that the users do not feel the water quality difference with the tap water. Economical problems can be solved at the water rate levels when the facility capacity is over 100 ton/day considering the construction cost and the operation cost, and when the operation cost alone is over 15 ton/day. Furthermore, when considering the social benefit cost, it is found that profit is generated from 150 ton/day.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.108-117
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• 2015

This study was carried out to assess problems related to legislative regulations and guidelines concerning some biological assessment systems applied to stream corridor in Korea. We comparatively reviewed the law of stream corridors and the guidelines for master plan concerned, and the law of water quality and health assessment criteria for the aquatic ecosystem concerned. Stream environments were not managed effectively due to the absence of detail regulations and the criteria for stream assessment. A biological assessment system was not equivalently integrated within the management of water resources in process implementation of projects resulting from the dualistic management system for stream corridors in Korea. The current biological assessment system was reflected to mainly physical habitats or only oriented to some aquatic species correlated with water quality. This system was also recognized as part of environment impact assessment based on an intensive survey method of most biological taxa. Conclusively rapid and quantitative assessment techniques based on advanced organisms, such as vegetation, fish and birds, etc. should be urgently provided for considering as representative indicators of stream conditions in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.111 no.2
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• pp.330-344
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• 2022

While deforestation and forest degradation has continued globally, global society has been making efforts to prevent deforestation towards sustainable development. Reforestation in developing countries is linked to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) such as climate change mitigation, conservation of biodiversity, eradication of poverty and upholding of human rights. Forest official development assistance (ODA) restores the global forest land, and increases the public benefit. Bilateral forest ODA projects of the Republic of Korea have gradually increased and most of those projects have currently been concentrated in Asian countries. Selecting recipient countries for forest ODA requires more comprehensive approach since the global goals for sustainable development has been widely adapted to ODA strategic plans. We proposed potentially promising countries that are eligible for receiving 'Green ODA' in perspective of economic, social and environment to implement reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD+), conserving biodiversity, and combating desertification. As a result, the study suggests that forestry cooperation could be expanded from Asian countries more toward South America and African countries. In addition, we emphasized the need to promote convergence and integration with green technology to fundamentally solve the negative impacts of deforestation such as food, energy, water resource shortages, and forest fires. We advocated expanding bilateral ODA in the forestry sector through diversification of project activities, financial sources, and participants. Our study can contribute to the provision of basic information for establishing long-term strategies to expand bilateral cooperation in the forestry sector.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.403-421
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• 2021

Most of the urban tunnels in Korea, which are represented by the 1st to 3rd subways, use the drainage tunnel by NATM. Recently, when a construction project that actively utilizes large-scale urban space is promoted, negative effects that do not conform to the existing empirical rules of urban tunnels may occur. In particular, there is a high possibility that groundwater fluctuations and hydrodynamic behavior will occur owing to the practice of tunnel technology in Korea, which has mainly applied the drainage tunnel. In order to solve the problem of the drainage tunnel, attempts are being made to control groundwater fluctuations. For this, the establishment of tunnel groundwater management standard concept and the analysis of the tunnel hydraulic behavior were performed. To prevent the problem of groundwater fluctuations caused by the construction of large-scale tunnels in urban areas, it was suggested that the conceptual transformation of the empirical technical practice, which is applied only in the underground safety impact assessment stage, to the direction of controlling the inflow in the tunnel, is required. And the relationship between the groundwater level and the inflow of the tunnel required for setting the allowable inflow when planning the tunnel was derived. The introduction of a tunnel groundwater management concept is expected to help solve problems such as groundwater fluctuations, ground settlement, depletion of groundwater resources, and decline of maintenance performance in various urban deep tunnel construction projects to be promoted in the future.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.155-160
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• 2022

The debate of South-North transboundary rivers must be expanded from the existing cooperation in water resources towards cooperation within ecosystem conservation. Regarding the Han and Imjin rivers confluence water system, the nature of the estuarine ecosystem must be conserved considering the aspect of climate change. Furthermore, the agenda of maintaining continuous inter-Korean communication and cooperation should focus on ecosystem conservation, including conserving migratory species that inhabit both Koreas. Notably, within the Han and Imjin rivers confluence, transboundary rivers are abundant legally protected species such as Grus vipio, Anser fabalis, Anser cygnoides, Platalea minor, Lutra lutra, Prionailurus bengalensis which suggests a strong need for a debate regarding habitat conservation. This study analyzed the ecosystem conditions and environmental aspects within the confluence of Han and Imjin rivers. In addition, this study provided step wise approach of ecosystem conservation that consider conditions for potential direct inter-Korean cooperation. The inter-Korean cooperation mentioned in this study will be developed into legitimate cooperation once the results from monitoring the ecosystem of transboundary rivers, awareness raising are exchanged.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.9-18
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• 2023

Climate change affects the safety of river revetments, especially those associated with external flooding. Research on slope reinforcement has been actively conducted to enhance revetment safety. Recently, technologies for producing embankment blocks using recycled materials have been developed. However, it is essential to analyze the impact of block shapes on the flow characteristics of exclusion zones for revetment safety. Therefore, this study investigates the influence of revetment block shapes on the hydraulic characteristics of revetment surfaces through 3D numerical simulations. Three block shapes were proposed, and numerical analyses were performed by installing the blocks in an idealized river channel. FLOW-3D was used for the 3D numerical simulations, and the variations in maximum flow velocity, bed velocity beneath the revetment, and maximum shear stress were analyzed based on the shapes of the revetment blocks. The results indicate that for irregularly sized and spaced revetment blocks, such as the natural stone-type vegetation block (Block A), when connected to the revetment in an irregular manner, the changes in flow velocity in the revetment installation zone are more significant than those for Blocks B and C. It is anticipated that considering the topographical characteristics of rivers in the future will enable the design of revetment blocks with practical applicability in the field.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.2B
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• pp.147-154
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• 2011

Physical habitat assessment models based on Instream Flow Incremental Methodology have been developed as a decision making tool to estimate appropriate discharge for environmental flow and water use management. These models, however, require extensive knowledge on various academic disciplines, complicated input data, and empirical data. We propose a Simplified Habitat (SIMHAB) simulation model for the estimation of physical structure of fish habitat and environmental flow at the planning stage. SIMHAB is applied to a river system for which physical and ecological data are available, and its applicability is investigated. Simulated results appeared to be similar to field survey data and those of such models as PHABSIM and River2D. However, SIMHAB requires much less input data. As such, the proposed model, SIMHAB can easily be applicable to river restoration projects including designing of physical habitat, estimation of environmental flow, and water resource management.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Rural Planning Conference
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• 1996.03a
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• pp.17-20
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• 1996

지난 20여년 동안 급격한 도시화, 산업화를 추진하는 과정에서 대기와 물의 오염, 쓰레기 공해 등 자연환경의 훼손과 피폐화가 심각한 상태에 이르렀다. 또한, 과다한 농약. 비료의 투입과 농사료에 의한 축산으로 높은 농업 생산성을 이룩하였으나, 이로 인하여 토양오염과 하천과 지하수 수질오염, 식생, 곤충 등 생태계 파괴 등의 문제가 대두되고 있다. 최근, 수자원 함양, 수질 정화 등의 순기능으로 농업의 환경 기여 효과가 큰 것으로 발표되었다. 논으로 부터의 오염부하는 생활 오수나 공장폐수 등에 비하여 정성적으로는 미미한 것이 사실이며, 실제로 관개수로 유입되는 영양물질이 작물에 의하여 흡수되므로 물질 수지적 측면에서 수질정화 효과를 나타낸다는 개념이다. 그러나, 오염된 관개수와 함께 유입되는 물질과 영농 목적으로 투입되는 다량의 비료와 농약, 제초제 등의 독성 물질 등에 의한 생태 환경의 변화 등에 대한 영향 등에 관한 종합적 관점에서의 효과는 불분명한 것이 현실이다. 특히, 폭우시 농경지로부터 유출에 의한 토사유실과 영양 물질이 손실 등에 대한 정량적 평가가 부족하며, 이로 인한 유역에서의 수문, 수질, 생태환경 등을 정량적 분석이 부족한 것이 현실이다. 따라서, 농업유역에서의 수문과 물질순환과정을 정량적으로 분석하고, 이를 통하여 주요 오염원을 파악하고, 효과적인 조절방법 등을 위한 유역수질관리 기술개발과 함께, 경지와 주변 생태계에 미치는 영향 등을 극소화할 수 있는 종합적인 연구가 필요하다. 특히, 관개시설 등 농업기반조성사업에 따른 인위적인 수문환경으로 인한 농경지내에서의 수문.물질순환 기작의 변화 등을 고려한 수질 및 생태환경에 판한 종합적인 모니터링, 모델링 등의 접근이 필요한 것이다. 본 논문에서는 $.$95 농림수산특정연구 중 첨단연구과제로 추진 중인 농업생태환경 및 종합적 환경관리 시스템 개발연구의 목표와 내용, 범위 등을 소개하고, 농촌지역에서의 건전한 환경관리를 위한 유역관리기술 개발의 방향 등을 정리하도록 한다.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.97-109
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• 2012

For the design of underpass structures, -1.0m(G.L) ground water level guideline for the design of railway, subway, utility tunnel etc, is still being used in Korea. As a result, the underpass structure can be forced by buoyancy, and therefore the in-situ buoyancy anchor method is usually being applied to prevent the uplifting force. For the Yeongjongdo sky city project, the drainage method was applied to remove the buoyancy force. In this study we estimate the efficiency and safety of the applied design and propose the detailed guidelines for standard design and maintenance of the guided drainage technique. Especially, the auxiliary pumping well was operated to maintain the ground water level around the underpass. In the study site, the applied guided drainage method has advantages in both engineering and economic aspects.

• Water for future
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.207-216
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• 1996

The subject research attempts to evaluate the variations of total runoff volume, peak flow, and travel time depending on the urbanhization, return periods and rainfall patterns under the situations that the preparation of a large residential site at the lowland areas of the downstream of Dongsu stream in Bupyung-Gu, Incheon city is progressed and the area will be eventually fully developed. The ILLUDAS model was used for the runoff analyses based on 3 differend steps of urbanization and 4 different types of Huff's quantile according to rainfall patterns is Huff's 4 quantile, Huff's 2 quantile, Huff's 3 quantile and Huff's 1 quantile. Under the 80 and 90 % of urbanization to the 70% of urbanization, the mean increasing ratio of total runoff volume for each case is 3.5 and 5.5 %, that of peak flow is 4.2 and 8.8%, and the mean decreasing ratio of travel time is 4.4 and 10.1%, respectively. The mean increasing ratio of total runoff volume according to the return periods is 3.0 and 5.4%, that of peak flow is 3.9 and 8.0% under the same conditions of urbanization.