• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1990

To establish an animal model of intracranial sparganosis, the fate and behavior of the experimentally inoculated spargana were observed. A total of 102 scolices of spargana were injected into 22 cat brains, and the cats were sacrificed at 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after the inoculation. Neurosparganosis was established in 77% of the cats. Of 43 recovered worms,19 (44%) were located in the subdural or subarachnoid space,16 (37%) in the brain Parenchyme, and 2 (5%) in the lateral ventricle. One was detected at the diploic space of the skull and 5 were outside the cranial cavity. All but one were alive, and had grown tails. They were distributed in the brain parenchyme randomly. There was no place which they could not invade. No adult was found in the intestine. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected before inoculation, 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after inoculation. The level of anti-sparganum IgG antibody in CSF measured by ELISA began to increase above the criteria of positivity 1 month after inoculation. Three months after inocula- tion, the values markedly increased. The present findings reveal that intracranial inoculation of spargana into the brains of cats would be a good animal model of experimental neurosparganosis.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.241-249
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• 2005

Herein, two patients of acute toxic hepatitis occurred to persons had eaten Aplysia kurodai and their eggs. The authors report 2 patients of acute toxic hepatitis with reviews of the clinical features. One patient had gathered Aplysia kurodai and it's eggs from Ulleungdo sea shore on May 17, 2003. He ate with boiling the eggs. This patient developed acute toxic hepatitis and symptoms of aplysianin poisoning, such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and watery diarrhea about 10 and half hours after ingestion. The other patient had gathered Aplysia kurodai and its egg from Ulleungdo sea shore on 16 May 2004, which were consumed without boiling the eggs. This patient developed acute toxic hepatitis and symptoms of aplysianin poisoning, such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and watery diarrhea, about 10 and half hours after ingestion. This patient complained of jaundice and pruritus, about 10 days after ingestion. The 2 patients all improved within 15~25 days with conservative treatment. This is the first significant report of acute toxic hepatitis caused by aplysianin poisoning following the consumption of Aplysia kurodai and their eggs in Korea. The clinical features, management and preventive counterplan of acute toxic hepatitis caused by aplysianin poisoning are also presented.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.11
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• pp.1234-1240
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• 2009

Purpose:Enteroviruses (EVs) are commonly known to cause infection, especially in infants and children. This report presents an overview of enterovirus epidemiology in central Korea. Methods:From the spring of 2005 to the autumn of 2006, we collected the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and stool samples from the pediatric patients with a febrile illness or suspected meningitis who were admitted to hospitals in central Korea. In order to test for EVs, cell lines were derived from pretreated susceptible specimen, and the cytopathic effects were observed. Seminested real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and direct sequencing were performed for genotypic and phylogenetic analyses. Results:Of the 305 patients examined, 51 (16.7%) tested positive for EV. Of these 51 patients, 44 showed the following serotypes: Echovirus (ECV) 18 (18 cases, 35.2%), Coxsackievirus B (CVB) 5 (13 cases, 25.4%), ECV25 (5 cases, 9.8%), ECV9 (4 cases, 7.8%), ECV5 (3 cases, 5.8%), and EV74 (1 case, 1.9%). In 2005, between June and August, ECV18 and CVB5 were mostly responsible for the enteroviral infections among the patients in central Korea. In 2006, between July and August, ECV25 was mostly the cause of enteroviral infection. Conclusions:There is a need for continuous surveillance of enteroviral infection and its clinical manifestations, particularly for EV74, which was first identified in Korea.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.183-190
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• 1997

Tocolytics are agents widely used in the treatment of premature labor to inhibit uterine contractions. Ritodrine is most commonly used tocolytic agent and acts by increasing intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate, which decreases the activity of myosin light-chain kinase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the signal network leading to contraction. Physiologic effects associated with the use of ritodrine are due to their effect on bera-l as well as beta-2 receptors. Some of maternal complications of therapy are rachycardia, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, lactic acidosis, myocardial ischemia, and pulmonary edema. Tocolytics induced pulmonary edema is a serious complication that can lead to marternal death, although infrequent, The incidence varies from 0.5% to 5% of those receiving these agents. Predisposing factors include the concommitant use of corticosteroid, twin gestation, fluid overload (particularly with saline), and anemia. Several mechanisms have been postulated, but the pathogenesis is uncertain. It is suggested that both types of mechanism, hydrostatic and permeability induced, might be involved. The association of tocolytic therapy with pulmonary edema appears to be unique to the pregnant state, because this complication has never been reported in asthmatic patients exposed to high dosages. We report a case of tocolytic induced pulmonary edema developed in 24 hours after delivery.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1494-1499
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• 2011

${\beta}$-lapachone, a quinone of lapachol extracted from the bark of the lapacho tree, has been found to induce apoptosis in various human cancer cells. In the present study, we investigated further possible mechanisms by which ${\beta}$-lapachone exerts its pro-apoptotic action in cultured human lung cancer A549 cells. ${\beta}$-lapachone treatment resulted in inhibition of growth and induction of apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner, as determined by MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis. The induction of apoptosis by ${\beta}$-lapachone was associated with up-regulation of the expression of p53 and p21 in both transcriptional and translational levels, and the phosphorylation of p53. In addition, ${\beta}$-lapachone activated caspase-3 and -9, and induced degradation of caspase-3 target proteins such as poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and ${\beta}$-catenin. Furthermore, ${\beta}$-lapachone treatment caused a progressive decrease in the expression levels of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 without significant changes in the levels of COX-1, which was correlated with a decrease in prostaglandin E2 synthesis. Taken together, these results indicated that ${\beta}$-lapachone may have therapeutic potential in human lung cancer treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.120-123
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• 2001

Purpose : We used transparent flexible tube which had provided the good visual field of median nerve when it was used in endoscopic release of transverse carpal ligament and evaluated the safety of that technique. Materials and Methods : We evaluated the 12 patients(20cases) who had been diagnosed as carpal tunnel syndrome and performed by endoscopic carpal tunnel release between Mar. 1997 and Mar. 2000. We used two portal technique and released the transverse carpal ligament with direct supervision of median nerve. Results : 14 cases$(70\%)$ were revealed excellent or good results and 6 cases$(30\%)$ were fair. No serious complications were shown such as nerve injury. Conclusion : We could avoid the complications of endoscopic carpal tunnel release using the transparent flexible tube which had provided tire good circumferential vision around the median nerve and it is unnecessary to maintain the wrist Joint hyperextension state during operation. Also that tube was easily obtainable in hospital so we need not to purchase the expensive operation apparatus.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.228-234
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• 2017

Hydrocephalus is a condition in which the volume of cerebrospinal fluid in the cerebral ventricles is abnormally elevated. Hydrocephalus patients may show macrocephaly and delayed development. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt is the most commonly used treatment but ventriculoatrial shunt is another treatment option. This report discusses the dental management process employed for a 7-year, 6-month old patient with ventriculoperitoneal shunt-treated hydrocephalus. This patient showed dental caries on the deciduous molars, facial swelling, macrocephaly and delayed development. Pulpectomy was performed on the deciduous molars under nitrous oxide sedation and mild protective stabilization. This patient did not appear to have any specific complications until the latest follow-up and was scheduled for the management of overall oral hygiene, development of permanent teeth, and craniofacial asymmetry through periodic follow-up. During dental treatment of shunt-treated patients, care should be taken to avoid applying excessive force to the catheter running along the patient's neck to prevent the displacement of the catheter. A referral to a neurosurgeon is recommended for patients with ventriculoatrial shunts for prophylactic antibiotics. As hydrocephalus patients grow, they may show craniofacial asymmetry or differences in the calcification of the permanent teeth, and require periodic oral and craniofacial assessment.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.86-90
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• 2017

Hydrocephalus is characterized by accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain causing progressive ventricular dilatation. Accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid typically causes increased pressure inside the skull, this may result in headaches, vomiting, nausea, seizures, sleepiness and mental impairment. Patients with hydrocephalus may have dental manifestations such as changes in the occlusion and greater accumulation of plaque. The prevalence of dental caries is high due to the difficulty of oral care. The purpose of this case report is to describe the dental care for an uncooperative child with hydrocephalus under general anesthesia.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.67-80
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• 1986

The use of intravenous solutions for fluid replacement has become an integral part of patient care, This widespread use of intravenous solutions has increased the risk of contamination that can lead to septicemia and phlebitis. The literature regarding contamination of in use intravenous solutions recommends a standard 24-hour time limit on the use of these fluids. But the desings of these studies did not incorporate a time variable related to contamination. In other studies, however, time was a manipulated variable: but data regarding the onset of contamination were conflicting. Because published reports conflict with regard to a time standard related to the use of intravenous therapy, additional empirical data are needed upon which to base the standards of care regulating use of intravenous therapy. This study investigated rate of contamination in simulated in-use intravenous solutions to obtain data from which to recomend a standard time period for the administration of intravenous solutions. In this study samples were drawn from 60 bottles of 5% D/W solution at predetermined time intervals over 48 hours and samples were inoculated to Thio-glychollate Broth. After 10 days' culturing in that Broth, samples were cultured on blood agar plates for 18∼48 hours to determine the rate of contamination. was found at all time Period, regardless of the presence or absence of nurse's gloving in the preparation of fluids, the location in which the experimentations were performed, the contamination level of surrounding air, or the length of time during which solutions were opened. Data from this study support the use of a 48-hour time period on which to base the standard involved in ready-to-use simple intravenous solutions without additives. In emergency departments and critical care areas where intravenous solutions are prepared in advance, the suggested time standard supported by the data generated from this study is 48 hours, not 24 hour. Data from this study support a 24-hour time standard for changing in-use intravenous solutions when the contamination results from the manipulation of intravenous infusion system by hospital personnel, or from some other exogenous sources during administration. Because contamination that does occur within 48 hours in intravenous solutions must be introduced from some exogenous sources, further empirical studies based on the identification of sources of contamination and factors that affect the rate of contamination, are needed to investigate the currently employed standard of intravenous therapy and to provide the patient with more efficient and safer intravenous thereapy.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.377-383
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• 2002

We have detected the murine zinc transporter, ZnT3, and zinc ions in the mouse choroid plexus by immunocytochemistry (ICC) and zinc selenium autometallography ($ZnSe^{AMG}$), respectively. BALB/c mice served as experimental animals. Routine floating ABC immunocytochemical procedures were used for the ZnT3 immunocytochemistry, and the mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with sodium selenide (10 mg/kg) for the zinc selenium autometallography. The choroid plexus showed weak immunoreactivity (Ir) for ZnT3. At high magnification, ZnT3-Ir was seen to be located in the choroid epithelium and the connective tissue of the capillaries. At the EM level, a high electron density of ZnT3-immunoreactivity was restricted to vesicle membranes as well as microvilli in the apical membrane. In contrast, immunostaining of ZnT3 was completely absent in the basolateral plasma membrane and other cell organelles. After silver enhancement, fine $ZnSe^{AMG}$ grains were observed in both the epithelial and endothelial cells of the choroid plexus. Few $ZnSe^{AMG}$ grains present in the cell bodies of the choroid epithelial cells were located in multivesicular bodies. It is striking that very many $ZnSe^{AMG}$ grains were observed in the endothelial cells of the capillaries. These findings establish the choroid plexus as a non-neuronal pool of zinc ions in the brain, although the functional significance of this pool is not clear. The choroid epithelium, however, may play an important role in the transportation of zinc between the CSF and brain tissue.