• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.349-353
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• 2021

This study is a review study attempted to analyze the current situation of surgical robots based on previous research on surgical robots in the era of the 4th revolution, and to forecast the future direction of surgical robots. Surgical robots have made full progress since the launch of the da Vinci and the surgical robot is playing a role of supporting the surgeries of the surgeons or the master-slave method reflecting the intention of the surgeons. Recently, technologies are being developed to combine artificial intelligence and big data with surgical robots, and to commercialize a universal platform rather than a platform dedicated to surgery. Moreover, technologies for automating surgical robots are being developed by generating 3D image data based on diagnostic image data, providing real-time images, and integrating image data into one system. For the development of surgical robots, cooperation with clinicians and engineers, safety management of surgical robot, and institutional support for the use of surgical robots will be required.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.1524-1527
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• 1997

로봇기술의 발달로 인하여 로봇의 활용 분야는 점차 확대되고 있으며 의료 및 재활분야에도 이용되는 추세이다. 의료분야에 이용되는 메디칼 로봇은 최소 절개 수술에 적용하는 경우 많은 이점을 얻을 수 있다는 점과 전문의사가 현장에 있기 힘든 오지나 낙도 또는 전쟁터 같은 곳에서도 원격 수술이 가능하다는 장점으로 많은 관심을 받고 있다. 원격 수술은 수술 계획, 로봇에게 환자 등록, 원격 수술 시행의 세가지 과정을 거치게 된다. 본 논문에서는 원격 수술을 위한 위 과정의 연구 동향을 기술하고 현재 본 실험실에서 수행하고 있는 연구 내용을 다룬다. 원격 수술을 위한 의료시스템을 구축하기 위해 팬-틸터 구동부를 가지 스테레어 시각 시스템을 제작하고 여기서 얻어지는 정보를 HMD에 투시하여 현장감을 느끼게 만드는 것과 수술대에서 환자를 수술하는 듯한 느낌을 제공할 수 있는 기술인 매스터 조작기와 슬레이브 조작기 사이의 힘 피드백 구현에 대해 다룬다.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.459-465
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• 2018

Of the many factors that affect the clinical outcomes of orthopedic surgery, the surgical procedure is the most important. Robotics have been developed to perform the surgical procedures more accurately and consistently. Robotic surgical procedures in the orthopedic field were developed 20 years ago. Some designs of surgical robots have disappeared due to practical problems and complications, and an another design of surgical robots is emerging. To date, the use of robot surgery in arthroplasty is still controversial in terms of the clinical outcomes, practicality, and cost-effectiveness, even though it has been reported to be effective in the alignment and positioning of components in the field of artificial joints. Early robotic surgery was based mainly on active robot surgery according to the scheduled operation without the intervention of the operator. Recently the semi-active system of robotic surgery has been introduced. In a semi-active system, the robot constrains the surgeon to a haptic boundary defined by the computer based on the 3-dimensional imaging preoperative plan, and the operator can change the preoperative plan through real-time feedback during operation.

• Journal of the KSME
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.38-44
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• 2002

이 글에서는 의료용 로봇의 연구 분야를 수술보조 로봇, 수술 로봇, 수술 시뮬레이터, 재활 로봇 등으로 분류하여 국내외 연구 현황과 전망에 대해서 소개한다.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.401-407
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• 1999

A microsurgery telerobotic system has been developed to aid surgeons from physiological tremor, eye stram, hand tremor, contagious and radioactive hazard. This paper identifies four general areas of advanced microsurgery and analyzes the motion, tools, accuracy and applying forces with respect to microsurgery tasks, and proposes the criteria to design the microsurgical robot. The analysis of microsurgery can be helpful to clarify some basic concept and design of surgical robots. Based on this analysis results, we propose an efficient in-parallel-platform manipulator having a special kinematic structure suitable for microsurgery.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.07a
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• pp.1797-1798
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• 2008

환자의 환부를 최소한으로 절개하여 시술하는 최소 침습 수술 수술은 많은 장점을 가지고 있어 그 활용도가 점차 확대되고 있다. 하지만 조작하는 조직으로부터 눈과 손이 분리되어 있기 때문에 많은 문제점들이 발생한다. 그 중 하나는 수술 영역과 시각 영역이 분리되어 발생하는데, 최적의 위치조정을 위한 자동 복강경 수술 로봇 팔 시스템 도입으로 이러한 문제를 해결하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 복강경 수술 로봇 팔을 설계하는데 있어 동작 범위를 빠르게 시각화하여 설계 단계에서 다양한 파리미터를 적용하여 보다 효율적인 복강경 수술 로봇 팔의 설계 방법을 제시한다. 제안된 물리 엔진을 이용한 동작 범위 분석 방법은 역기구학을 계산할 필요가 없으며, 설계가 바뀌어도 추가로 산출해야 하는 수식 없이 바로 수정된 기구학만으로 동작 범위 분석이 가능하다.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.13-26
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• 2013

This study is about development of technology system for MIS(Minimally Invasive Surgery) robot of S. Korea analysed by the application of scenario planning. MIS robot industry receive attention as a new growth industry for national and international and is noticeable for the leading industry of future era in Korea. In this paper was examined the characteristics of an MIS robot technology and its components. It was investigated about the technology of an overseas MIS robot(especially U.S.A) and Korean domestic MIS robot and understood such as the country's policy propulsion issues then, was searched about development direction of the future. As a result, the future policy for MIS robot of S. Korea is to further spur the development of new MIS robot technology and more improvement of the technology level of MIS robot with AR(Augmented Reality) display.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.5 s.250
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• pp.366-370
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• 2005

Background: In general, cardiac surgery has been performed via median sternotomy. During the past decade, improvements in endoscopic equipment and operative techniques have resulted in development of minimally invasive cardiac operation using small incisions. With the advent of a voice controlled camera-holding robotic arm (AESOP 3000, Automated Endoscope System for Optimal Positioning), cardiac surgery entered the robotic age. Material and Method: Between April 2004 and December 2004, a total of seventy eight patients underwent robotic cardiac surgery, of whom sixty four patients underwent robot-assisted minimally invasive cardiac surgery via 5cm right lateral minithoracotomy using voice controlled robotic arm, femoral vessels cannulation, percutaneous internal jugular cannulation, transthoracic aortic cross clamp. Other fourteen patients underwent MIDCAB via internal mammary artery harvesting using AESOP. Result: Robotic cardiac surgery were mitral valve repair in 37 cases, mitral valve replacement in 10 cases, aortic valve replacement in 1 case, MIDCAB in 14 cases, ASD operation in 9 cases, and isolated Maze procedure in 1 case. In mitral operation, mean CPB time was $165.3\pm43.1$ minutes and mean ACC time was $110.4\pm48.2$ minutes. Median length of hospital stay was 6 days (range 3 to 30) in mitral operation, 4 days (range 2 to 7) in MIDCAB, and 4 days (range 2 to 6) in ASD operation. For complications, 3 patients were required by reoperation for bleeding. There was no hospital mortality. Conclusion: Our experience of robot cardiac surgery suggests that many cardiovascular surgeons will be able to perform minimally invasive cardiac operations through small incisions with robot-assisted video-direction. Well-designed studies and close long-term follow-up will be required to analyze the benefits of robot-assisted operation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.423-429
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• 2008

Background: The interest in robotic cardiac surgery has recently grown but there has not been much clinical research reported on this. The aim of this study is to examine our initial experience, since August 2007, with robotic cardiac surgery using the da $Vince^{TM}$ surgical system and to evaluate the feasibility and safety of it. Material and Method: Between August and December 2007, a total of 20 patients underwent robotic cardiac surgery using the da Vinci surgical system. For mitral valve repair (n=11), tricuspid valve repair (n=1), and ASD repair (n=1), cannulation, antegrade cardioplegia and transthoracic aortic cross-clamping were conducted for the right femoral vessels and the right internal jugular vein. For minimally invasive direct CABG (MIDCAB) (n=7), the internal thoracic artery (ITA) was harvested with the da Vinci surgical system. Result: The mean age of the patients was 50.1 (range: $26{\sim}78$) years. Three concomitant Maze procedures and one tricuspid annuloplasty were combined with mitral valve repair. The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was $208.0{\pm}61.3$ minutes and the aortic cross clamp time was $158.8{\pm}40.6$ minutes. No patients showed more than mild mitral regurgitation after repair and the median hospital stay was 4 days. The robotic-harvested ITA was used for either left ITA (n=6) or bilateral ITA (n=1). The mean harvest time was $43.2{\pm}12.0$ minutes. The harvested ITA showed good flow and it was anastomosed under direct vision after left anterolateral thoracotomy. The patency of all the grafts was 100% (18/18) in MIDCAB. Conclusion: Robotic cardiac surgery using the da Vinci surgical system was variously adapted to areas such as mitral and tricuspid valve repair, ASD repair and ITA harvest for MIDCAB. The early results of the robotic cardiac surgery showed its safety and feasibility. With this primary report, we anticipate that clinical applications and further studies on robotic cardiac surgery using the da Vinci surgical system will be actively conducted in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.77-80
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• 2011

Medical robot has four fields. Surgery assistant robot, robotic surgery, Surgery Simulator, rehabilitation robot. Thus, medical robots is often high precision and reliability requirements for operations are being developed. Medical service robot's another sector is care for service robots. Care services robot is the hospital's reception work and biometric data acquisition of patients, the hospital in location and content information provide to patients. But now medical service robot practical acceptance process failed to progress. In this paper were the medical service robot systems design and implementation. Implemented the robot system is using the standard protocols for the exchange of medical information and can be linked with hospital information system. The hospital's patient reception and processing, to provide care waiting number information.