• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.649-653
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• 2007

국제 원유가의 지속적인 상승에 따라 화석연료 고갈을 대비한 대체에너지 빛 온실가스배출감소를 위하여 바이오연료의 사용 및 상용보급은 전세계적인 추세이다. 우리나라의 경우 바이오디젤은 2002년부터 시범보급사업(Demonstration & dissemination)을 거쳐 2006년 7월부터 전국주유소를 통하여 경유 중에 바이오디젤 0.5%를 혼합한 BDO.5를 수송용 연료로 도입하여 아시아 최초로 상용보급화를 시행하고 있다. 또한 휘발유 중 바이오에탄올 혼합 연료유 도입을 위한 실증평가연구를 2006년 8월부터 2008년 7월까지 수행중이다. 자동차용 휘발유의 옥탄가 향상을 위해 함산소 기재로 사용되는 MTBE(Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether)를 바이오에탄올로 대체한 바이오에탄올 혼합연료유는 수분 혼입에 의한 상 분리(Phase separation)와 금속에 대한 부식성 문제를 야기 시킬 수 있다. 바이오에탄올을 서브옥탄가솔린(Sub-octane gasoline)에 혼합하여 상 분리 모사실험, 금속류 부식시험, 고무류 침지실험 등 다양한 품질특성평가를 수행하였으며, 이런 결과들을 바탕으로 국내실정에 알맞은 최적의 혼합량(E3, E5)을 도출하였다. 또한 전국에 4개 시범주유소를 운영하여 바이오에탄올 혼합 연료유의 유통 및 보급을 통해 최적의 유통인프라(Distribution infrastructure) 보완 및 구축 방안을 도출 하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.24-34
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• 2008

To mitigate the climate change and global warming, various technologies have been internationally proposed for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Especially, in recent, carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technology is regarded as one of the most promising emission reduction options that $CO_2$ be captured from major point sources (eg., power plant) and transported for storage into the marine geological structure such as deep sea saline aquifer. The purpose of this paper is to review the latest progress on the development of technologies for $CO_2$ storage in marine geological structure and its perspective in republic of Korea. To develop the technologies for $CO_2$ storage in marine geological structure, we carried out relevant R&D project, which cover the initial survey of potentially suitable marine geological structure fur $CO_2$ storage site and monitoring of the stored $CO_2$ behavior, basic design for $CO_2$ transport and storage process including onshore/offshore plant and assessment of potential environmental risk related to $CO_2$ storage in geological structure in republic of Korea. By using the results of the present researches, we can contribute to understanding not only how commercial scale (about 1 $MtCO_2$) deployment of $CO_2$ storage in the marine geological structure of East Sea, Korea, is realized but also how more reliable and safe CCS is achieved. The present study also suggests that it is possible to reduce environmental cost (about 2 trillion Won per year) with developed technology for $CO_2$ storage in marine geological structure until 2050.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.42-52
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• 2013

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a mitigation technology essential in tackling global climate change. In Korea, many research projects are aimed to commercialize CCS business around 2020. Public acceptance can be a key factor to affect the successful proceeds of CCS near future. Therefore this paper provides a concise insight into the application of environmental impact assessment and risk assessment procedures to support the sustainable CCS projects. Futhermore, bottlenecks regarding the environmental impacts assessment and related domestic and foreign legislation are revised. Finally, suggestions to overcome these bottlenecks and recommendations for future research are made in conclusion.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.589-597
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• 2012

Recently, an understanding of new sources of liquid hydrocarbons such as bioethanol is economically very important. Bioethanol is actually ethyl alcohol or also referred to as ethanol, identical to drinking alcohol by its composition. There are mainly two ways of producing ethanol, namely by synthesis of hydrocarbons and from biomass. Only the second approach deserves the terminology 'bioethanol'. The present dissertation is also designed with purpose of developing the energy-saving process for the separation of bioethanol. The world population is expected to grow past 8 billion by 2030 which are almost 60% in Asia Pacific. History has shown that energy use rises much faster than population expands. World wide demand for energy will increase significantly during the next 15 years driven by population growth and the transition of emerging markets into the global economy. In developing nations, a smaller increment in GDP per capita yields a higher increment in energy consumption compared to developed countries. In this study, we analised total 2,454 dissertations for the bioethanol during the 2001~2012 periods by the programs of 'web of science' and 'recently developped program by Korea Institute of Science Technology Information'.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.307-326
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• 2019

The electric vehicle is a representative measure to reduce greenhouse gas and local air pollutants in the transportation sector. Most countries provide purchase subsidies and tax reductions to promote electric vehicle sales. The electric vehicles have been considered as zero-emission vehicles(ZEV) in light of the fact that there has been no pollutant emission during driving. However, recent studies have pointed out that the pollutant emitted from the process of generating electricity used for charging the electric vehicles need to be treated as emissions of the electric vehicles. Furthermore, the environmental benefits of electric vehicle replacing the internal combustion vehicle vary with the power mix. In line with the recent studies, this study analyzes the impact of electric vehicles based on the current power mix and future energy transition scenarios in Korea. To estimate the precise air pollutants emission profile, this study uses hourly electricity generation and TMS emission data for each power plant from 2015 to 2016. The estimation results show that the electric vehicles under the current power mix generate the environmental benefits of only -0.41~10.83 won/km. Also, we find that the environmental benefit of electric vehicle will significantly increase only when the ratio of the coal-fired power plant is reduced to a considerable extent.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.43-52
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• 2021

As port development in soft ground is actively promoted for international logistics and transportation, the Deep Mixing Method (DMM) is continuously applied to form an improved column body directly in the ground by mixing cement with soil to secure the stability of the structure. However, in the case of cement, there is a problem of emitting a lot of greenhouse gases during the production process, so the development and use of new alternative materials are socially required to achieve the national goal of carbon neutrality. Accordingly, in this study, CMD-SOIL, developed to induce a hardening reaction similar to cement by recycling recycled resources, was used as a ground improvement material for the DMM. In addition, it was attempted to determine the possibility of replacing cement by conducting on-site test construction and evaluating applicability. As a result of the study, the compressive strength of CMD-SOIL compared to the design reference strength was 1.46 to 2.64 times higher in the field mixing test and 1.2 to 5.03 times higher than in the confirmed boring. In addition, the ratio (λ) of the compressive strength in the field to the design reference strength was 0.63 to 1.14, which was similar to the previous research results. Therefore, in the case of CMD-SOIL, it is possible to express the compressive strength necessary to secure stability, and there is no difference in applicability compared to existing materials such as ordinary portland cement and blast furnace slag cement, so it was analyzed that it could be used as a ground improvement material for the DMM.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.307-319
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• 2009

Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technology has been regarded as one of the most possible and practical option to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) and consequently to mitigate the climate change. Korean government also have started a 10-year R&D project on $CO_2$ storage in sea-bed geological structure including gas field and deep saline aquifer since 2005. Various relevant researches are carried out to cover the initial survey of suitable geological structure storage site, monitoring of the stored $CO_2$ behavior, basic design of $CO_2$ transport and storage process and the risk assessment and management related to $CO_2$ leakage from engineered and geological processes. Leakage of $CO_2$ to the marine environment can change the chemistry of seawater including the pH and carbonate composition and also influence adversely on the diverse living organisms in ecosystems. Recently, IMO (International Maritime Organization) have developed the risk assessment and management framework for the $CO_2$ sequestration in sub-seabed geological structures (CS-SSGS) and considered the sequestration as a waste management option to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. This framework for CS-SSGS aims to provide generic guidance to the Contracting Parties to the London Convention and Protocol, in order to characterize the risks to the marine environment from CS-SSGS on a site-specific basis and also to collect the necessary information to develop a management strategy to address uncertainties and any residual risks. The environmental risk assessment (ERA) plan for $CO_2$ storage work should include site selection and characterization, exposure assessment with probable leak scenario, risk assessment from direct and in-direct impact to the living organisms and risk management strategy. Domestic trial of the $CO_2$ capture and sequestration in to the marine geologic formation also should be accomplished through risk management with specified ERA approaches based on the IMO framework. The risk assessment procedure for $CO_2$ marine storage should contain the following components; 1) prediction of leakage probabilities with the reliable leakage scenarios from both engineered and geological part, 2) understanding on physio-chemical fate of $CO_2$ in marine environment especially for the candidate sites, 3) exposure assessment methods for various receptors in marine environments, 4) database production on the toxic effect of $CO_2$ to the ecologically and economically important species, and finally 5) development of surveillance procedures on the environmental changes with adequate monitoring techniques.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.154-165
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• 2020

Coastal regions are experiencing habitat changes due to coastal development and global warming. To estimate the future distribution of coastal plants on the Korean Peninsula due to climate change, the potential distribution of ten species of coastal plants was analyzed using the MaxEnt program. The study covered the eastern, western, and southern coastal areas of the Korean Peninsula. We used the distributional data of coastal plants of the East Asian region and the 19 climate variables of WorldClim 2.0. The future potential distribution was estimated using future climate variables projected from three general circulation models (CCSM4, MIROC-ESM, and MPI-ESM-LR), four representative concentration pathways (2.5, 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5), and two time periods (2050 and 2070). The annual mean temperature influenced the estimation of the potential distribution the most. Under predicted future distribution scenarios, Lathyrus japonicus, Glehnia littoralis, Calystegia soldanella, Vitex rotundifolia, Scutellaria strigillosa, Linaria japonica, and Ixeris repens are expected to show contracted distributions, whereas the distribution of Cnidium japonicum is expected to expand. Two species, Salsola komarovii and Carex kobomugi, are predicted to show similar distributions in the future compared to those in the present. The average potential distribution in the future suggests that the effects of climate change will be greater in the west and the south coastal regions than in the east coastal region. These results will be useful baseline data to establish a conservation strategy for coastal plants.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.1603-1614
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• 2010

As the Kyoto protocol and Bali road-map, our country is expected to be included to the emission reduction controlled country of greenhouse gas, so we are now urgent situation to take an action in the level of government. In this research, environment friendly rail logistics and combined transport were treated to meet with the green growth policy of our government. Major problems of Ui-wang ICD suggested in this research are short of yards, unutilized public CY, inconvenience use by non-share holders. It is necessary to improve rail logistic infrastructure, that is, additional expansion of yard, direct operation by KORAIL and regular unloading system are needed. such improvement can not be solved just by the endeavor of business body. Rail logistic infra & Integrated freight terminal has a tendency of SOC, which require tremendous amount of investment, so there are some limit in doing by private sector itself, now it's time to do by the government level. The improvement of rail logistic infrastructure in the level of government is possible by the policy of environment friendly green logistic support which is related with Logistic Policy Basic Law, so government should prepare detailed directives to activate Integrated freight terminal.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.137-170
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• 2008

This study is presenting the logistics strategy in the international logistics markets which makes competition and corporation among north-east Asian countries to establishing the multi-pass Eurasian railroads. The countries located in north-east area of Eurasia like China, Japan, Russia and Korea are paying higher costs and disutility to the transportations and communications due to repeated conflicts and confrontations causes from the politic problems. They are being used surface transportation for most of all logistics between Europe and Asia except special merchandises because of characteristic of cargo to be air, the Silk Road remains vestige only which was main logistic passage to this area since BC. So far the Trans-Siberian Railway is being used by Russia mostly as north of Eurasian transport because of difficulties of service. The Trans-China Railway built in 1992 is not accomplishing as a international logistic passages. It is expected to take a long lead time because of characteristic of resource development and poor logistic infrastructure to the countries like Uzbekistan, double landlocked country, Mongolia and Azerbaijan, the countries do not be adjacent to the sea, even they have great economic jump-up plans through the development of their own resources. The Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO) start to sail officially in 2001 is constructed with China, Russia, Tadzhikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan as regular members of 6 countries and Mongolia, India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran as observers 5 countries. It is started as a military alliance to protect terror, but now, it is expended to cooperate with the traffic, transportation, trade and share of energies. The Russia is doing their best to activate TSR as a government target to developnorth area equivalently, and economic develop of far-east Siberia. And also it is agreed provisionally to improve and repair of rail road between Nahjin and Hassan to connect TSR and TKR( Trans-Korea Railroad) by Russia, North Korea and South Korea with Russian's aggressive efforts. The development plan of this area is over lapped with GTI(Greater Tumen Initiative) promoted by UNDP, and is a cooperated project by 5 countries of South Korea, Mongolia, China, Russia and North Korea, subject to review the appropriation of energy, tour, environment, rail road connection between Mongolia and China and establishing a ferry route to north-east Asia. It is Japanese situation to pay attention to Russia and China even they have been supplying large-scope of infrastructure in Mongol area without any charges, target to get East Asia Main Rail Road to connect Mongolia and Zalubino of Russia. In case of the program for the Denuclearization of North Korea is not creeping, it will be accelerated to connect the TKR and TSR, TKR and TCR by somehow attending United States, including developing program promoted by UN ESCAP. As the result, Korean peninsular will continue the central role of competition and cooperation as in the past, now and future of north-east Asia, as of geographical-economics and geographical-politics whether it is requested or not wanted by neighbor countries.