• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.56-65
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• 2009

This study was carried out to embody monitoring system of growing environments of fruit tree with Ubiquitous Sensor Network and to analyze various fruit qualities by the tree's vigor in the apple orchard located in Poonggi-eup, Yeongju-shi, Gyeongsangbukdo, Korea. The tree's vigor of apple trees was influenced to insolation, temperature, and humidity and it had influence on the weights, sugar contents and the quality(especially in mineral contents) of apples. The use of Ubiquitous Sensor Network will not only contribute to improve the quality of fruit by the offer of scientific fruit-cultivation method, but also to expand its application more and more.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 2007

The main purpose of this study was to develop Automatic Measurement System for monitoring tree's vigor using Ubiquitous Sensor Network This study also focused on presenting an alternative for monitoring automatically tree's vigor due to Shigometer's limits. Application test of the system in comparison with Shigometer showed that the measurement values were not different to choose between the two, and battery lasted about 1,844 days in this system. To test the sensor network the possible transmission distance using the sensor network in maximum was 130m. Investigation and management expenses can be reduced and labor productivity will also be improved in the forest and street trees.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.125-134
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• 2012

This study is determined by tree vigor of analyzing of each object's growth condition in Locational Characteristics and compare the result with impediment extent rate in crown area to provide the management Study about the influence of man-made structures in numbers of protected trees. 68 places where are in the list of Kimpo protected trees were researched in Natural environments, vital degree of trees, number of trees. Crown area was calculated surveying it around the directions of North, East, South and West branching out. Impediment in the area was analyzed after classified into artificial impediment like paved surface(ascon, concrete, block, etc.), a building and a breast wall and natural impediment like soil, stonework and gravel and conclusions are as follow. In analyzing of natural environments, he ground where protected trees have located is consist of 72.05 of manmade structure and artificial in all. There are many protected trees which have less space than crown area for growth suggested by Woo-kyung Sim and Se-kyun Shin in 1992. And it was analyzed that making growth space for protected trees and management of impediment are urgently needed because of that the proportion of impediment covering the crown area has increased as cities are becoming more urbanized results in transforming of trees and weakness of tree vigor. This research shows that under 20% of in crown area is tree vigor determination 1-2 grade 21-50% under is 2-3 grade, higher than 50% is 3-5 grade. More impediment have more difficulty for growing, with the management of root system of protected trees need to be under 20% of rate of land is necessary was improved. As follows are suggested about the standard of management in artificial impediment which influence the number of trees. Firstly, impediment in crown area must be restricted under 20%, but in case outside of the area is not artificial the rate could be higher considerable. Secondly, protected trees growth space secured as much as crown area and impediment must be installed outside the crown area. Thirdly, to move the protected trees, condition of growth space secure must be considered. Fourthly, to develope land, the area around protected trees should be utilized in a park, the area of impediment installation in crown area should be limited as well. Fifthly, As many shown in previous research, for the improvement of old big trees and protected trees, need the tax favor of landowner and purchase of around land, to manage, it needs the budget of local government and advice of expert. Also the study on how various kind of impediment nearby protected trees influence on them has to be continued.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2001

This paper investigated external factors (height. crown width. diameter breath height, clear length) of tree and electric resistance ($k{\Omega}$) in damaged forest by Thecodiplosis japonensis Uchida et Inouye. The height. crown width and diameter breath height of tree external factors have high a coefficient of correlation. but clear length has not a coefficient of correlation. In relationship of electric resistance and external factor. big tree that height. crown width. diameter breath height has lower electric resistance value than that of small tree. (low electric resistance value is high tree vigor, high electric resistance value is low tree vigor)) Dead tree have smaller diameter breath height. crown width. higher clear length than survival tree in damaged forest by Thecodiplosis japonensis Uchida et Inouye. To investigation of relationship external factors according to electric resistance value. electric resistance value was divided three class (< $l4k{\Omega}$, possible of survival. $14{\sim}20k{\Omega}$, > $20k{\Omega}$, possible of dead). In lower class(< $l4k{\Omega}$), external factors have bigger which was height. crown width. diameter breath height and lower which was clear length than them of higher class ($14{\sim}20k{\Omega}$, > $20k{\Omega}$). Linear regression solutions of electric resistance and external factors were Y = -0.572 ${\times}$ Height - 1.163 ${\times}$ crown width - 0.242 ${\times}$ diameter breath height + 0.757 ${\times}$ clear length + 25.765. Regression solutions were significant in 5%.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.39-39
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• 2022

기온, 강수량 등 기후변화에 따른 식물 멸종이 증가함에 따라 기후변화에 민감한 북방계식물의 중요성이 증대되고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구 대상종의 큰금매화(Trollius chinensis)는 북한 및 북방계 식물로 고산 초지에서 자생하는 미나리아재비과 여러해살이풀이며, 기후변화에 직·간접적인 영향을 받고 있는 실정이다. 이에, 큰금매화의 발아조건을 규명하여 종 복원과 대량증식법 개발을 위한 기초자료를 확보하는 데 목적이 있다. 종자의 형태학적 특성은 원형~계란형(circular~obovate)에 작은 돌기가 겹겹이 있는(Colliculate) 형태였으며, 종피는 진갈색이다. 크기는 길이 1.37±0.741mm, 너비 0.81±0.531mm이었다. 종자의 단면을 확인한 결과, 배는 작은 선형태(Axial-miniature)이었으며, 종자는 91%의 충실도를 보였으며 TZ 테스트에서 모두 배가 전체적으로 붉은색으로 염색되어 양호한 활력을 보였다. 처리구별 발아실험 전 종자 소독은 파종 전 70% 에탄올 처리 후 2%의 NaOCl을 넣어 10분 동안 소독 후 멸균수로 5회 수세하고 멸균수를 제거하여 침지처리에 사용하였다. 발아실험 결과 종자의 최종발아율(FGP)은 15/6℃ GA3 1000mg·L^-1 처리에서 40.0%로 가장 높았다. 평균발아일수(MGT)는 15/6℃ 무처리에서 22.8일로 가장 높았으며, 최종발아일의 평균은 약 9.5일로 확인되었다. 대부분 GA3 처리에서 최종발아율(FGP)이 20% 이상 높게 나타났으며, GA3 500mg·L^-1 보다는 GA3 1000mg·L^-1의 조건에서 3.3~5.5% 최종발아율(FGP)이 향상된 것으로 확인되었다. 한편, 온도 조건 25/15℃ 무처리에서는 발아가 확인되지 않았다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.115-127
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• 2018

This study was attempted to find out the value of cultural assets through the clear diagnosis and prescription of the dead and weakness factors of the Population of Retusa Fringe Trees in Pyeongji-ri, Jinan(Natural Monument No. 214), The results are as follows. First, Since the designation of 13 natural monuments in 1968, since 1973, many years have passed since then. In particular, despite the removal of some of the buried soil during the maintenance process, such as retreating from the fence of the primary school after 2010, Second, The first and third surviving tree of the designated trees also have many branches that are dead, the leaves are dull, and the amount of leaves is small. vitality of tree is 'extremely bad', and the first branch has already been faded by a large number of branches, and the amount of leaves is considerably low this year, so that only two flowers are bloomed. The second is also in a 'bad'state, with small leaves, low leaf density, and deformed water. The largest number 1 in the world is added to the concern that the s coverd oil is assumed to be paddy soils. Third, It is found that the composition ratio of silt is high because it is known as '[silty loam(SiL)]'. In addition, the pH of the northern soil at pH 1 was 6.6, which was significantly different from that of the other soil. In addition, the organic matter content was higher than the appropriate range, which is considered to reflect the result of continuous application for protection management. Fourth, It is considered that the root cause of failure and growth of Jinan pyeongji-ri Population of Retusa Fringe Trees group is chronic syndrome of serious menstrual deterioration due to covered soil. This can also be attributed to the newly planted succession and to some of the deaths. Fifthly, It is urgent to gradually remove the subsoil part, which is estimated to be the cause of the initial damage. Above all, it is almost impossible to remove the coverd soil after grasping the details of the soil, such as clayey soil, which is buried in the rootstock. After removal of the coverd soil, a pestle is installed to improve the respiration of the roots and the ground with Masato. And the dead 4th dead wood and the 5th and 6th dead wood are the best, and the lower layer vegetation is mown. The viable neck should be removed from the upper surface, and the bark defect should undergo surgery and induce the development of blindness by vestibule below the growth point. Sixth, The underground roots should be identified to prepare a method to improve the decompression of the root and the respiration of the soil. It is induced by the shortening of rotten roots by tracing the first half of the rootstock to induce the generation of new roots. Seventh, We try mulching to suppress weed occurrence, trampling pressure, and soil moisturizing effect. In addition, consideration should be given to the fertilization of the foliar fertilizer, the injection of the nutrients, and the soil management of the inorganic fertilizer for the continuous nutrition supply. Future monitoring and forecasting plans should be developed to check for changes continuously.