• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.84-97
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• 2017

Water vapor and thermal transmission properties of high emotional garments are important to evaluate wear comfort; in addition, the measuring methods of these properties are also critical for breathable and warm suit fabrics. In this study, the water vapor and thermal properties of composite yarn fabrics made of CoolMax, Tencel, and Bamboo fibers with filaments were measured and compared according to the measuring method. Water Vapor Transmittance (WVT) of the fabric woven by the sheath/core composite yarn in the warp direction was the highest due to the small staple fiber volume in the sheath/core yarn structure and high air voids in the sheath/core yarn fabrics. This property was also the highest in fabrics woven by bamboo staple yarns in the weft direction, and was the lowest on hi-multi filament fabrics. However, water vapor resistance ($R_{ef}$) of these fabrics by KSK ISO 11092 showed the opposite results to the water vapor transmittance method ($CaCl_2$ method); in addition, its correlation coefficient was low. The correlation coefficient between $R_{ef}$ and the drying rate was 0.719; therefore, the measurement mechanism of $R_{ef}$ is analogous to the drying property measurement. The thermal conductivity of the fabrics woven with compact staple yarn showed a high value; however, the hi-multi filament fabric showed low thermal conductivity. Therefore, fiber characteristics affect thermal properties more than yarn structure. The correlation between thermal property and moisture transport was also low. This study showed that: water vapor transmittance was active at the loose yarn structure, dry heat transport was vigorous at the compact yarn structure, and heat transport was affected more by fiber characteristics than yarn structure. In conclusion, sheath/core composite yarns were relevant to the high absorptive cool suit along with siro-fil and CoolMax/Bamboo staple yarns that were relevant to the heat diffusive cool suit.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 2010

This study is conducted about the system that reduces organism after fermenting food waste from a food waste disposal equipment, divides gas made when food waste is fermented into gas and water, and then sends gas to a reactor again, condenses water, and apply it to the MBR system with submerged MF hollow fiber membranes. A submerged MF hollow fiber membrane module was installed to a food waste disposal equipment and a water treatment system made by Bio Hitech Co,. Ltd. to process food waste generated from a staff cafeteria in a H institute for 90 days. For initial seeding of a food waste disposal equipment, 305 kg of rice bran, chaff, and sawdust as well as 1,648 kg of food were input during the operation, and 1,600 L of condensed wastewater occurred. Fermented by-product after finishing running a food waste disposal equipment was 386 kg and its reduction was shown to be 80%. The organism was processed by applying submerged MF hollow fiber membrane module to the MBR system of condensed wastewater, and the result shows reduction rates were BOD 99.9%, COD 97.5%, SS 98.6%, T-N 54.6% and T-P 34.7% and the total colon bacillus was perfectly eliminated.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.183-192
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the temperature, water balance, evaporation and physicochemical properties during the composting with pig slurry at a scraper system. The pig slurry was composted on farm trial using continuous aeration with turning machine for 5 month. A compost facility of rectangular concrete bin with dimension of 53 m (length) ${\times}$ 4.6 m (width) ${\times}$ 2 m (height) was bedded with sawdust. The environmental parameters were monitored in period of 5 months. The results were as follows ; 1. During the composting period, the temperature was varied in the range $50{\sim}70^{\circ}C$. The temperature of compost pile was highest in middle layer and lowest in under layer. Temperature difference between middle and under area of compost pile was $5{\sim}20^{\circ}C$. 2. The water content of compost pile varied $50{\sim}68%$. In the period of 50% of water content of compost pile, the temperature of compost was $20{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ and was not successfully composted. 3. In this study, total evaporation was 90% during composting. The amount of slurry per $1m^3$ sawdust by this method was $3.16m^3$ without treatment of effluent output. 4. The chemical properties of produced compost was high, but suitable for plant growth. Concentration of T-N, T-C in the final compost were 1.62, 34%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.824-830
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• 1996

In order to minimize the deterioration of osmotic dried apple quality, the characteristics of mass transfer during osmotic dehydration such as solid gain(SG), weight reduction(WR) and moisture loss(ML) were investigated. Moisture and solid transfer were analyzed by Fick's law. The highest (equation omitted)E value was observed with severe browning at $60^{\circ}C.$ The concentration effect on (equation omitted)E were higher at high temperatures than at low temperatures. SG, WR and ML increased as immersion temperature, sugar concentration and immersion time increased. Higher concentration of sucrose led to more sucrose absorption resulting increase in SG. Diffusion coefficients of moisture increased with immersion temperature and sugar concentration. As concentration increased, diffusion coefficients of solids increased at $20^{\circ}C$ while it decreased at $40^{\circ}C$ and $60^{\circ}C.$ Arrhenius equation was appropriately explain the effect of temperature on diffusion coefficients. Moisture and solid diffusion showed high activation energy in 20 。Brix solution, compared with in 40 and 60 。Brix.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.39-40
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• 1987

봉제산업의 꽃이라 불리울 만큼 비중을 크게 차지하는 미싱사들의 신발 설계는 미싱 작업동작에서 나타나는 인간요소의 특성에 적합하도록 최적화되어야 한다. 현재 미싱사들이 착화하고 있는 신발설계구조는 미싱 작업동작 특성으로 나타나는 제 요인을 고려하지 아니한 신발로서 작업능률을 저하시키고 있는 실태이다. 본 연구에서는 설계조건에 따라 다르게 나 타나는 요인의 변수를 인간공학적인 방법으로 조사연구하여 미싱 작업동작에 원활을 기할수 있는 생체원칙에 따라 동적작업과는 다르게 생체내의 6수분과 혈액이 발부위로 몰려 발의 체 적이 팽대해지고 미싱 동작을 시작하여 약10분이 경과되면 생리적 이상으로 1$cm^{2}$당 18 개의 봉제화의 설계시방 기초를 마련하는데 목적이 있다.

• The monthly packaging world
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• s.230
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• pp.92-99
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• 2012

KOREA STAR AWARDS는 패키징 $\triangle$완제품 $\triangle$재료(플라스틱, 종이 판지, 금속, 유리, 목재, 복합소재) $\triangle$친환경 $\triangle$기계(설비) 및 관련 부품 $\triangle$ 인쇄(라벨링) $\triangle$부자재 $\triangle$생산 및 가공공정 $\triangle$패키징 디자인 등의 분야에서 신기술 개발과 지속가능성을 통해 패키징 산업 발전에 기여한 기업, 그리고 패키징 관련 정책연구, 기술개발, 패키징산업 육성에 기여한 개인에게 시상. 2012 KOREA STAR AWARDS는 코리아스타상(기업, 학생, 공로부문)으로 지식경제부장관상(상장4점, 표창2점), 한국생산기술연구원장상(상장 12점, 표창1점), 한국포장기술사회장상(상장 20점) 총 39점 시상. 코리아스타상 기업부문 지식경제부장관상은 '에이스기계 종이상자 자동접착기의 패스트 폴딩 장치', 'LG생활건강 이자녹스 SMART 진동시리즈', '삼성전자 냉장고 친환경 재사용 포장', '한국에이버리 친환경 수분리성 점착라벨' 4개 제품 수상. 코리아스타상 공로부문 지식경제부장관표창은 (주)경연전람 김영수 대표와 김수일포장개발연구소 김수일 소장 수여. 본 고에서는 "2011 미래패키징 신기술 정부포상" 수상작들의 패키징 동향 및 유공자들의 공적 내용을 살펴보도록 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.307-310
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• 2015

부유사량을 알기위해 측정하는 방법은 여러 가지가 있다. 대표적인 방법으로는 측정기기를 이용하여 수심에 따라 일정하게 시료를 채취하는 방법과 일정 수위에서 포인트 개념으로 시료를 채취하는 방법이 있다. 이 측정법들은 일반적으로 수심에 따른 유속과 부유사농도가 다르게 나타나기 때문에 오차를 최소화하기위해 측정하는 방법들이다. 홍수 시 부유사량 농도는 유역특성, 하상재료, 강우특성 등에 따라 부유사농도가 다양하게 나타나지만 측정현장에서 발생하는 부유사농도는 사람의 시각적으로 판단 할 수 없을 정도의 황토빛 흐름이 발생한다. 또한, 여러 안전상 문제점이 발생하기도 하며 수위 상승부에서는 수위가 급격히 증가하는 현상을 보여 측정에 어려움이 발행하는 등 예상할 수 없는 여러 문제점이 발생한다. 본 연구에서는 부유사량 채취 시 표면채취법과 수심적분법을 비교 검토하여 차이점을 분석하고 부유사량 산정 및 측정지점의 특성을 확인하여 보았다.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.108-115
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• 2010

Global warming and heat island make the outdoor air temperature ascend. Tall office buildings are covered with glass window facades as a design aspect and the portion of window area to facade area is increasing. Hence, cooling load for solar radiation passing through glass window is rising. Cooling air to a certain room is supplied equally despite the face of the room in most office buildings. Especially, the west part of the office cannot maintain the required temperature that occupant needs because of the solar heat coming through windows.?In this study, we projected the water spray system to reduce the solar heat transfer and to reflect the solar ray through windows. We perform the experiments to evaluate the performance of the solar heat protection devices. We measured the room temperature of two separated office rooms for solar heat control devices. The investigation's results show that the water spray system is sufficient to the coated glass and the venetian blinds for the decrease of the solar heat inflow.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.422-428
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• 2014

In this study, the reduction kinetics and behaviors of oxides in the water-atomized iron powder have been evaluated as a function of temperature ranging $850-1000^{\circ}C$ in hydrogen environment, and compared to the reduction behaviors of individual iron oxides including $Fe_2O_3$, $Fe_3O_4$ and FeO. The water-atomized iron powder contained a significant amount of iron oxides, mainly $Fe_3O_4$ and FeO, which were formed as a partially-continuous surface layer and an inner inclusion. During hydrogen reduction, a significant weight loss in the iron powder occurred in the initial stage of 10 min by the reduction of surface oxides, and then further reduction underwent slowly with increasing time. A higher temperature in the hydrogen reduction promoted a high purity of iron powder, but no significant change in the reduction occurred above $950^{\circ}C$. Sequence reduction process by an alternating environment of hydrogen and inert gases effectively removed the oxide scale in the iron powder, which lowered reduction temperature and/or shortened reduction time.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.119-126
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• 2016

Five empirical farmhouses were selected to reduce the high temperature damage in oak mushroom cultivation using bed-logs. The cultivation facilities were categorized as follows: those having two blackout curtains or one blackout curtain and outdoor oak mushroom cultivation. The inequality of the indoor condition, oak mushroom hyphae rampant ratio, and fruit body production in each test condition was evaluated. $3^{\circ}C$ was lower in indoor temperature of cultivation facility having two blackout curtains than one blackout curtain. Specifically, the indoor air humidity average of cultivation facilities having one or two blackout curtains was 10% lower than that of outdoor oak mushroom cultivation. This condition is not ideal for oak mushroom cultivation as continuous indoor humidity control is essential for producing good fruit bodies. The Inoculated bed-log surface and oak mushroom hyphae rampant ratio of bed-logs cultivated with two blackout curtains was superior to other tested conditions. The mushroom production ratio observed in facilities with two blackout curtains was 117-204% higher than those cultivated in facilities with only one blackout curtain. Furthermore, the mushroom production ratio increased in based on these findings, we recommended five cultivation facility models to reduce high temperature damage in oak mushroom cultivation using bed-logs.