• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.506-515
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• 2003

Background : A decreased level of serum arginine vasopressin(AVP) and an increased sensitivity to an exogenous AVP is expected in patients with septic shock who often require a high infusion rate of catecholamines. The goal of the study was to determine whether an exogenous AVP infusion to the patients with septic shock would achieve a significant decrement in infusion rate of catecholamine vasopressors while maintaining hemodynamic stability and adequate urine output. Method : Eight patients with septic shock who require a high infusion rate of norepinephrine had received a trial of 4-hour AVP infusion with simultaneous titration of norepinephrine. Hemodynamic parameters and urine output were monitored during the AVP infusion and the monitoring continued up to 4 hours after the AVP infusion had stopped. Results : Mean arterial pressure showed no significant changes during the study period(p=0.197). Norepinephrine infusion rate significantly decreased with concurrent AVP administration(p=0.001). However, beneficial effects had disappeared after the AVP infusion was stopped. In addition, hourly urine output showed no significant changes throughout the trials(p=0.093). Conclusion : Concurrent AVP infusion achieved the catecholamine vasopressor sparing effect in the septic shock patients, but there was no evidence of the improvement of renal function. Further study may be indicated to determine whether AVP infusion would provide an organ-protective effect to the septic shock patients.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.3 s.260
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• pp.201-207
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• 2006

Background: Percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (PCPS) provides passive support of gas exchange and perfusion, allowing the use of other methods of care for organ recovery, and saves lives of patients with severe cardiopulmonary failure in a wide variety of clinical settings with a minimal risk of bleeding and need for chest re~ exploration. We summarized a single center's experiences with PCPS in patients with cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest due to the ischemic heart disease. Material and Method: Among the 20 consecutive patients with cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest from May 1999 to June 2005, Biopump (Medtronic, Inc, Minneapolis, MN) was used in 7 patients and the self-priming, heparin-coated circuit of EBS (Terumo, Japan) was applied to remaining 13 patients. Most of cannulations were performed percutaneously via femoral arteries and veins. The long venous cannulas of DLP (Medtronic inc. Minneapolis, MN) or the RMI (Edwards's lifescience LLC, Irvine, CA) were used with the arterial cannulae from 17 Fr to 21 Fr and the venous cannula from 21 Fr to 28 Fr. Result: The 20 consecutive patients who were severely compromised and received PCPS for the purpose of resuscitation were comprised of 13 cardiac arrests and 7 cardiogenic shocks in which by-pass surgery was performed in 11 patients and 9 ongoing PCls under the cardiopulmonary support. The mean support time on the PCPS was 38$\pm$42 hours. Of the 20 patients implanted with PCPS, 11 patients ($55\%$) have had the PCPS removed successfully; overall, 8 of these patients ($40\%$) were discharged from the hospital in an average surviving time for 27$\pm$17 days after removing the PCPS and survived well with 31$\pm$30 months of follow-up after the procedure. Conclusion: The use of PCPS appears to provide the hemodynamic restoration, allowing the survival of patients in cardiac arrest or cardiogenic shock who would otherwise not survive, and patients receiving PCPS had a relatively long-term survival.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.47-55
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• 2011

Hemorrhagic shock is a cause of one third of death resulting from injury in the world. Early diagnosis of hemorrhagic shock makes it possible for physician to treat successfully. The objective of this paper was to select an optimal classifier model using physiological signals from rats measured during hemorrhagic experiment. This data set was used to train and predict survival rate using artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM). To avoid over-fitting, we chose the best classifier according to performance measured by a 10-fold cross validation method. As a result, we selected ANN having three hidden nodes with one hidden layer and SVM with Gaussian kernel function as trained prediction model, and the ANN showed 88.9 % of sensitivity, 96.7 % of specificity, 92.0 % of accuracy and the SVM provided 97.8 % of sensitivity, 95.0 % of specificity, 96.7 % of accuracy. Therefore, SVM was better than ANN for survival prediction.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.329-334
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• 2008

Background: Percutaneous cardiopulmonary support. (PCPS) has the potential to rescue patients in cardiogenic shock who might otherwise die. PCPS has been a therapeutic option in a variety of the clinical settings such as for patients with myocardial Infarction, high-risk coronary intervention and postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock, and the PCPS device is easy to install. We report our early experience with PCPS as a life saving procedure in cardiogenic shock patients due to acute myocardial infarction. Material and Method: From January 2005 to December 2006, eight patients in cardiogenic shock with acute myocardial infarction underwent PCPS using the CAPIOX emergency bypass system($EBS^{(R)}$, Terumo, Tokyo, Japan). Uptake cannulae were inserted deep into the femoral vein up to the right atrium and return cannulae were inserted into the femoral artery with Seldinger techniques using 20 and 16-French cannulae, respectively. Simultaneously, autopriming was performed at the $EBS^{(R)}$ circuit. The $EBS^{(R)}$ flow rate was maintained between $2.5{\sim}3.0L/min/m^2$ and anticoagulation was performed using intravenous heparin with an ACT level above 200 seconds. Result: The mean age of patients was $61.1{\pm}14.2$ years (range, 39 to 77 years). Three patients were under control of the $EBS^{(R)}$ before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), three patients were under control of the $EBS^{(R)}$ during PCI, one patient was under control of the $EBS^{(R)}$ after PCI, and one patient was under control of the $EBS^{(R)}$ after coronary bypass surgery. The mean support time was $47.5{\pm}27.9$ hours (range, 8 to 76 hours). Five patients (62.5%) could be weaned from the $EBS^{(R)}$ after $53.6{\pm}27.2$ hours. (range, 12 to 68 hours) of support. All of the patients who could successfully be weaned from support were discharged from the hospital. There were three complications: one case of gastrointestinal bleeding and two cases of acute renal failure. Two of the three mortality cases were under cardiac arrest before $EBS^{(R)}$ support, and one patient had an intractable ventricular arrhythmia during the support. All of the discharged patients are still surviving at $16.8{\pm}3.1$ months (range, 12 to 20 months) of follow-up. Conclusion: The use of $EBS^{(R)}$ for cardiogenic shock caused by an acute myocardial infarction could rescue patients who might otherwise have died. Successfully recovered patients after $EBS^{(R)}$ treatment have survived without severe complications. More experience and additional clinical investigations are necessary to elucidate the proper installation timing and management protocol of the $EBS^{(R)}$ in the future.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 1986

원유시세의 대폭 하락현상은, 재정이 빈약한 산유국의 외채상환능력과 관련하여 국제금융혼란을 유발하며, 유전 및 대체에너지의 개발을 위축시킴으로써 결국은 고수준의 유가상승을 초래한다는 장기전망, 그러나 우선 상당기간은 배럴당 18$ 이하의 낮은 수준에서 원유가가 등락한다는 예측이 일반화되고 있다. 이러한 역오일.쇼크-저유가시대를 맞아 석유에 대한 이해를 돕기 위해 국제시황 및 국내도입 상황등을 살펴 본다.

• Venture DIGEST
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• no.10 s.123
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• pp.44-45
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• 2008

세계 경제의 중심, 미국경제가 심상치 않다. 리먼 브러더스사의 파산과 메릴린치사의 매각 소식, 미국 최대 보험사 AIG 파산까지 가히 패닉이라고 불리울만한 글로벌 금융위기가 계속되고 있다. 당장 미 정부의 구제금융 투입 등 급한 불을 끄는 조치는 나오고 있지만, 연일 터지는 미국발 경제쇼크는 대미 의존도가 높은 국내경제의 특성상 직간접적인 광범위한 영향을 받을 수 밖에 없는 상황. 한치 앞을 내다보기 힘든 미국금융시장의 현재와 전망을 살퍼본다.

• JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL WORLD
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• no.7 s.31
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• pp.65-69
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• 1979

프랑스는 원래 국내탄에 그 에너지의 대부분을 의존하고 있었으나 최근 10년 사이에 석유소비의 신장이 극히 커져서 전체의 7할 가까이를 점하기에 이르렀다. 따라서 특히 오일쇼크 이후 에너지자급비율이 gi상이 강력하게 지향되어 원자력은 물론, 태양에너지, 지열에너지 등 각종 신에너지 개발이 적극적으로 실시되고 있다. 특히 프랑스는 선진국 중에서는 국제에너지기구(IEA)에 가맹되어 있지 않은 유일의 나라로서 독자적으로 에너지의 연구개발을 추진하고 있다.

• 주택과사람들
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• s.196
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• pp.40-45
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• 2006

강남 재건축이 '그로기 상태'에 빠졌다. 참여정부 들어 감당하기 어려운 규제가 지속되고 있는 게 바로 그 원인이다. 특히 최근 터져 나온 개발부담금제도로 인해 재건축 공사 분담금에 맞먹는 액수를 부담해야 하는 만큼 재건축 수익성은 거의 사라졌다는 인식이 팽배해지고 있다. 개발부담금 '쇼크'가 몰아친지 한 달여가 지난 강남 재건축 시장을 돌아보았다.

• JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL WORLD
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• no.2 s.170
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• pp.22-25
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• 1991

장기화되고 있는 최근의 페르시아만 사태는 전인류에게 제3차 오일쇼크의 공포감을 안겨주면서 에너지 자원의 장기 안정적 확보의 중요성을 강조하고 있다. 더욱이 범세계적으로 확산되고 있는 지구환경 보호안동, 반핵운동으로 그 동안 석유를 대체할 신 에너지 원으로 한때 각광을 받았던 원자력 이용을 더 이상 기대할 수 없게 됨에 따라 또다른 새주역을 찾아야 한다는 명제가 부각되고 있다. 현재 가장 가능성이 크다고 하는 자연 에너지의 종류 및 일본에 있어서의 개발실태를 개괄적으로 알아보기로 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 1993.05a
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• pp.42-46
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• 1993

1970년대의 오일쇼크이후 대체에너지개발의 중요성에 대한 인식이 점차 확산되어 가는 추세에 있다. 대체에너지가운데 특히 태양광발전은 연료가 필요 없는 무공해 Clean 에너지원으로서 미래 전원공급원의 한 부분으로 그 역할이 주목되고 있다. 더욱이 자원이 빈약한 국내실정 하에서 태양광발전의 기술개발은 필연적이므로 향후 보급촉진을 위한 실용화방안을 제시하고자 한다.