• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.113-119
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• 2005

The passenger car drivers want in general to feel good driveability, but they sometimes feel uncomfortable by shock and jerk phenomenon when they push or release acceleration pedal with clutch engaged. In this paper, the shock and jerk characteristics are studied on the vehicles of the throttle-by-wire system. With this system, the throttle is not directly controlled by drivers but via a microprocessor. So the control logic of the throttle is very important on tip-in and tip-out driveability. Experiments were carried out on two vehicles which show different control characteristics. The torque control logics were analyzed by measuring cylinder pressures. The results show that special torque control logic is needed at tip-in/out state for good driveability.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.651-654
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• 2007

Tracheoinnominate artery fistula (TIF) is a very rare complication that can happen after long standing tracheostomy or insertion of an endotracheal tube and its mortality is very high. This condition requires early diagnosis and urgent management because of the life threatening results from tracheal obstruction or hypovolemic shock that is caused by massive bleeding. We report here on a case of successful tracheoplasty with using the costal cartilage, including the perichondrium, in a patient with laryngeal stricture, and this was done to preserve the trachea for the following operation to relieve the laryngeal stricture.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2020.11a
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• pp.103-108
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• 2020

본 연구는 미청구공사의 테마감리 지정으로 인해 해당 기업의 보수주의 성향이 증가하였는지 검증한다. 미청구공사에 대한 테마감리 대상지정 배경은 공사 진행률 과대산정 및 평가의 적정성 문제로 회계적 의혹의 적정성에서부터 출발하였다. 미청구공사 금액 계산 시 밀접하게 연관되는 공사진행률은 경영자의 재량적 판단이 반영될 수 있다. 만약 경영자가 이익을 상향할 목적으로 진행률을 부풀린다면 미청구공사가 과다하게 인식되는 문제가 발생한다. 이러한 문제점은 2013년 일부 건설업계의 어닝쇼크를 비롯하여 수주산업에서의 회계부실 문제가 사회적으로 큰 이슈가 되었다. 특히 조선업과 건설업의 잇달은 부실과 함께 미청구공사와 관련된 회계 불투명성이 크게 드러나는 등 회계자료에 대한 불신이 증가되었다. 이로 인해 미청구공사 과대계상 이슈는 금융감독원의 테마감리 대상으로 지정되었다. 본 연구의 실증분석 방법은 2012년부터 2017년까지 Basu(1997)의 보수주의 측정 모형을 이용하여 미청구공사 금액을 반영하기 전과 후를 비교하여 동 기업의 보수주의 회계처리에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 중요분석 결과로는 테마감리 지정 이후에 미청구공사에 대한 보수적 회계처리가 유의하게 증가되었다. 이를 통해 테마감리 지정 목적인 미청구공사금액의 과대계상 금지와 공시 강화라는 측면에서 그 실효성을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.3
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• pp.693-699
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• 2021

The inferior mesenteric artery is a rare source of postpartum hemorrhage. We report two cases of primary postpartum hemorrhage that originated from the inferior mesenteric artery after vaginal delivery. Both patients showed signs of hypovolemic shock, and disseminated intravascular coagulation was suspected. The bleeding continued even after embolization of the uterine artery, a typical source of postpartum hemorrhage. Inferior mesenteric arteriography confirmed contrast extravasation from the superior rectal artery, and selective embolization was performed using N-butyl cyanoacrylate. This report highlights that the inferior mesenteric artery can be a source of bleeding in patients with intractable and persistent postpartum hemorrhage due to birth canal injury.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.669-674
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• 2010

Background: Spontaneous hemopneumothorax is characterized by the accumulation of air and more than 400 mL of blood in pleural cavity without any apparent cause. It is a rare disease and can cause life-threatening situation. We analyzed clinical reviews of two medical centers to aid in optimal management. Material and Method: Retrospective review between March 2003 and August 2010 with 18 spontaneous hemopneumothorax patients was made. Result: These 18 patients were comprised of 15 male and 3 female with average 24.6 years (range 15~46 years). Almost patients (16) underwent a closed thoracostomy initially and 15 patients received video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). Mean postoperative chest tube removal was 2.9 days and one complication was post-removal pneumothorax. During the follow-up periods there were no other complications and recurrence. Conclusion: Proper initial diagnosis and management of spontaneous hemopneumothorax prevent significant hypovolemic shock. Video-assisted thoracic surgery should be considered an early surgical management in spontaneous hemopneumothorax. However conservative manage without bleb excision may be effective in selected patients.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.781-805
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• 2015

The National Welfare Pension Act of 1973 and the National Pension Act of 1986 were legislated for an anticipative response to future population ageing. But the enforcement of these acts gained momentum as they became effective tools to realize the present potential demographic bonus. This article investigates the history related to the enactment of these two acts, focusing on these acts' role in raising funds managed by the government (National Investment Fund and National Housing Fund). This article shows the historical origin of full-dress debates on the sustainability of the National Pension Fund.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.203-207
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• 2015

This study was performed to examine the antigenic potential of purified bee venom (Apis mellifera L., PBV) collected using bee venom collector. Antigenic potential of PBV was examined by active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) in guinea pigs. PBV was subcutaneously administered at 0.025 and 0.05 mg/kg and also as a suspension with adjuvant (Freund's complete adjuvant, FCA). Ovalbumin (OVA) as a suspension with adjuvant was used to introduce positive control response. In the weight measurement and clinical observation, experimental groups didn't show any significant changes compared with control group. In the autopsy of body, the abnormalities of lung were detected only in the positive control. In the ASA test, experimental groups didn't show any symptoms of anaphylaxis like piloerection, hyperpnea and staggering gait. These results suggested that PBV didn't have antigenic potential in guinea pig.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate whether therapeutic hypercapnia could attenuate systemic inflammatory responses in hemorrhagic shock in rats. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were mechanically ventilated and underwent pressure-controlled (mean arterial pressure: $38{\pm}1$ mmHg) hemorrhagic shock. At 10 minutes after the induction of hemorrhagic shock, the rats were divided into the normocapnia ($PaCO_2$=35-45 mmHg, n=10) and the hypercapnia ($PaCO_2$=60-70 mmHg) groups. The $PaCO_2$ concentration was adjusted by using the concentration of inhaled $CO_2$ gas. After 90 minutes of hemorrhagic shock, rats were resuscitated with shed blood for 10 minutes and were observed for 2 hours. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) and the heart rate were monitored continuously, and the results of arterial blood gas analyses, as well as the plasma concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and nitrite/nitrate were compared between the normocapnia and the hypercapnia groups. Results: The MAP and the heart rate were not different between the two groups. The plasma concentration of IL-6 was significantly lower in the hypercapnia group than in the normocapnia group (p<0.05). The IL-10 concentration was not different and the IL-6 to IL-10 ratio was significantly lower in the hypercapnia group compared to the normocapnia group. The plasma nitrite/nitrate concentration of the hypercapnia group was lower than that of the normocapnia group. Conclusion: Therapeutic hypercapnia attenuates systemic inflammatory responses in hemorrhagic shock.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.144-148
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• 2006

Trigeminal neuralgia is defined as an episodic electrical shock-like sensation in a dermatomal distribution of the trigeminal nerve. When medications fail to control pain, various procedures are used to attempt to control refractory pain. Of available procedures, stereotactic radiosurgery is the least invasive procedure and has been demonstrated to produce significant pain relief with minimal side effects. Recently, linear accelerators were introduced as a tool for radiosurgery of trigeminal neuralgia beneath the already accepted gamma unit. Author have experienced one case with trigeminal neuralgia treated with linear accelerator. The patient was treated with 85 Gy by means of 5 mm collimator directed to trigeminal nerve root entry zone. The patient obtained pain free without medication at 20 days after the procedure and remain pain free at 6 months after the procedure. He didn't experience facial numbness or other side effects.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.368-370
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• 2009

As the average age of the general population increases, a growing number of elderly patients are presenting for cardiac operations. Although aortic valve replacement in patients aged 80 years and older has been shown to have excellent outcomes with good long-term survival rates, some physicians are still hesitant to refer elderly patients for surgical intervention. A 95-years old female was admitted to our hospital with cardiogenic shock and an emergency operation was required. She was successfully treated with emergency aortic valve replacement. We report here on a case of successful emergency surgical treatment for aortic stenosis in a 95 years old woman.