• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.279-286
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• 2020

Natural extracts were isolated from 20 kinds of medicinal plants that have been traditionally widely used in Korea to develop treatments for dental caries. Medicinal plants showing antibacterial activity against a cariogenic bacterium, Streptococcus sobrinus KCOM 1157 were investigated. The natural extracts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Sophora flavescens, Coptis Chinensis, Mentha arvensis, Pinus densiflora, Spirodela polyrhiza showed antimicrobial activities against S. sobrinus KCOM 1157. The extracts of Pinus densiflora, Sophora flavescens, Coptis Chinensis among these medical herbs showed significant antimicrobial activity. These results suggested that the natural products of Pinus densiflora, Sophora flavescens, Coptis Chinensis could be the potential source of anticariogenic agent against dental pathogens including S. sobrinus.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.23-36
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• 2011

목적 : 이 연구는 관절 및 심혈관계 질환 치료에 사용되는 송절(松節)(Pinus densiflora Gnarl)을 약침용 시료로 조제하여 본 약물의 항산화 효능을 규명하고자 하였으며 이를 다양한 시스템에서 검토하였다. 방법 : $FeCl_2$-ascorbic acid system에서 흰쥐 간조직의 지질과산화 반응을 관찰하였고, Fenton reaction system에서 자유기에 의한 plasmid DNA 분절을 유도하였다. 또한 deoxyribose assay를 통해 hydroxyl radical 소거능을 관찰하였고, NBT reduction assay로 superoxide radical 소거능을 검토하였다. 또한 human low-density lipoprotein(LDL)의 산화를 유도하기 위해 $CuSO_4$와 AAPH를 사용하였으며 relative electrophoretic mobility (REM) assay로 LDL 산화 억제 효능을 대조 항산화물질과 비교 검토하였다. 결과 : 송절 약침액은 자유기에 의한 간조직의 지질과산화(p < 0.01)및 DNA 분절을 현저하게 억제하였으며, hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical (p < 0.01), nitric oxide 및 peroxynitrite를 강하게 소거하였다. 또한 $CuSO_4$ ($IC_{50}=9.2{\pm}0.2\;{\mu}g/ml$)와 AAPH ($IC_{50}=34.8{\pm}5.1\;{\mu}g/ml$)에 의해 유도된 human LDL의 산화를 억제하였고, REM assay에서도 산화 억제 효능을 재확인할 수 있었다. 결론 : 송절 약침액은 활성산소종 및 활성질소종를 소거하였고, 지질과산화를 억제하였으며, 특히 human LDL의 산화적 손상을 방어하였다. 이에 본 약물은 자유기에 의한 심혈관의 산화적 손상을 효과적으로 보호할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.646-651
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• 2017

This study was carried out to examine the antimicrobial activity of 70% ethanol and hot water extracts from different parts and essential oil in Pinus densiflora on skin pathogens such as Staphylococcus epiermidis, S. aureus, Propionibacterium acnes, Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, and Trichophyton rubrum. The antimicrobial activities of extracts and essential oil were tested by paper disc assay and minimum inhibitory concentration test. The ethanol extract of pine pollen showed antimicrobial activity against C. tropicalis and T. rubrum. Ethanol extract of pine needle and pine gnarl showed antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, C. tropicalis, and P. acnes. Essential oil from pine needle exhibited antimicrobial activity against C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and P. acnes. The minimum inhibitory concentration of ethanol extracts of pine needle and pine gnarl against P. acnes and C. tropicalis ranged from 0.002% to 0.0063%. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (0.025%) against C. albicans and C. tropicalis was obtained from essential oil. These results indicate that ethanol extracts of pine pollen, pine needle, pine gnarl, and essential oil of pine needle could be applicable to control the skin infection pathogens. Especially, ethanol extract of pine gnarl had a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and pine extracts and essential oil exhibited higher antimicrobial activity with Candida sp. and P acnes.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.70-75
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• 2013

Seven medicinal plant extracts were tested for antifungal activities against six species of the major turfgrass pathogenic fungi (Colletotrichum graminicola, Pythium spp., Rhizoctonia cerealis, Rhizoctonia solani AG1-1, Rhizoctonia solani AG2-2, and Sclerotinia homoeocarpa) using paper disk diffusion method. Three medicinal plant extracts, including Pinus densiflora showed antifungal activities. In suppression of mycelium growth test, on medium adding P. densiflora extract showed that inhibition rate of mycelium growth were above 80% in 10 mg/10 ml concentration of the extract. The inhibition rate of Pythium spp. was 100% and C. graminicola was 84.3% in 10 mg/10 ml concentrations of P. densiflora extract, respectively. In particularly, the inhibition rate of Pythium spp. was 89.5% in 2 mg/10 ml concentrations of P. densiflora extract. As a result, P. densiflora extract showed high antifungal activity to Pythium spp. and C. graminicola of the turfgrass pathogen in in vitro test.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.316-321
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• 2020

Changes in flavor compounds in pine mushroom (Tricholoma matsutake) liquor added with pine tree chips were analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. While three flavor compounds were detected in the control, fifteen were detected in the pine mushroom liquor added with pine tree chips. After eight-weeks of aging, the relative concentrations of β-fenchyl alcohol, 2-octanol, and methyl cinnamate, which are distinctive flavor characteristics of the pine mushroom, increased by 67.57%, 2.14%, and 0.94%, respectively, when pine tree chips were added (5%). Principal component analysis revealed that although flavor characteristics of the pine mushroom liquor were affected by the increased production of β-fenchyl alcohol due to the addition of pine tree chips, the aging time exerted a greater influence on flavor.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.51-58
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• 2015

Objectives : Pinus densiflora gnarl, called Song-Jeol in Korean medicine, has been used to cure inflammatory diseases such as arthritis. In the present study, we evaluated inhibitory property of Song-Jeol pharmacopuncture(SJ) on C6 glioma cell migration. Methods : To evaluate cell viability on C6 glioma cells of SJ, the viability was assessed by using Ez-cytox assay kit. The cell migration was assessed by wound-healing assay and Boyden chamber assay, respectively. LPS-induced NO productions were determined by using the Griess reagent. The expression of iNOS and protein kinase $C(PKC)-{\alpha}$ were estimated by western blotting assay. Results : In the wound-healing assay and Boyden chamber assay, SJ showed a significant inhibition on serum-induced C6 glioma cell migration. In addition, NO production was decreased by SJ through suppression of iNOS expression in LPS-stimulated C6 glioma cell. Futhermore, LPS-induced protein kinase $C(PKC)-{\alpha}$ expression was effectively inhibited by SJ. Conclusions : These results demonstrated that SJ was useful for the suppression of the C6 glioma cell migration.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2012

Objectives : The gnarl of Pinus densiflora, called Songjeol in Korea, has been used as a medicinal herb for the treatment of inflammatory-related diseases such as arthralgia, myalgia and bruise. However, the molecular actions and mechanisms have not been clearly investigated. The aim of this study was to clarify the anti-inflammatory activity of Pinus densiflora gnarl pharmacopuncture (PDGP) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Methods : Cytotoxicity was assessed by XTT assay. The amount of nitric oxide (NO) production was determined by nitrite assay. The mRNA expressions of interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were analyzed by RT-PCR. Reactive oxidative species (ROS) generation was measured using the fluorescence microscopy. In addition, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and redox factor-1 (Ref-1) protein expressions were detected by Western blotting. Results : PDGP inhibited NO production and ROS generation in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. At the mRNA level, PDGP suppressed IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and COX-2 expression. On the other hand, PDGP induced HO-1 mRNA expression. Furthermore, PDGP suppressed iNOS and Ref-1 protein expression. Conclusions : This result suggests that PDGP can act as a suppressor agent on NO and iNOS through induction of HO-1, and play an useful role in blocking inflammatory responses.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.95-108
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• 2014

Cosmetics are products used over long periods by the public, and their safety is very important. Contact dermatitis induced by cosmetics is the result of an inflammatory response of the skin to direct irritancy. The initial event that this inflammatory response is observed is the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this study, the anti-inflammatory activities of extracts from Korean herb medicines were investigated using RAW264.7 macrophage. Among the fifty one extracts tested, the ethanol extracts from Biotae Orientalis Folium, Biotae Orientalis Folium (roasted), Cyperi Rhizoma, Nepetae Spica, Benincasae Semen, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Dioscoreae Rhizoma (roasted), Mori Ramulus, Pini Ramulus and Alismatis Rhizoma reduced the cytotoxicity and inhibited the productions of Nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1${\beta}$, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$n lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophage. Additionally, they didn't induce the skin irritation when tested the human patch test. Overall, the result of this study suggests that the extracts of the ten Korean herb medicines are useful cosmetic agents for preventing the skin irritation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.671-679
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• 1997

Approximate composition and mineral content of eighty seven medicinal herbs marketed in Korea was analyzed on the basis of their dried weight. From the results anlyzed, it was known that Acanthopanax sessiliflorum Seem. (22.4%), Portulaca oleracea L. (20.6%), Torilis japonica DC. (15.0%) in crude ash, Ziziyphus spinosa Hu. (39.9%), Alisma orientale Juzep. (30.6%), Lepidium latifolium L. (28.8%), Cassia tora L. (27.5%) in crude protein, Ziziyphus spinosa Hu. (27.9%), Xantnium strumarium L. (24.0%), Perilla frutescens var. acuta Kude (22.8%), Benincasa hispida Cong. (22.4%) in crude lipid, Vitex rotundifolia L. (59.5%), Ganoderma lucidum Karst (53.9%), Pinus densifiora Sieb. et Zucc. (46.4%), Sambucus williamsii Hanse (41.2%) in crude fiber, and Poria cocos Wolf (91.2%), Gastrodiae elata Blume (87.9%), Gentiana scabra Bunge (86.3%), Rehnannia glutinosa Libosch (86.0%) in nitrogen free extract exhibited higher content than other kinds. Phosphrous contents were 1.5, 1.1 and 1.0% in order of Taxillus chinensis Danser, Malva verticillata L., Nelumbo nucifera Gaeten, and magnesium contents were 0.7, 0.5 and 0.5% in the order of Saururus chinesis Baill., Salivia milltriorrhiza Bunge and Pueraria thunberglans Benth. Calcium contents of Cimicifuge heradeifolia Komarov, Acanthopanax sessiliflorum Seem. and Rhus vericiflura Stokes were 8.5, 7.1 and 3.0%, and potassium contents of Tricholoma matsutake Sing., Houttuynia cordata Thunb., Achyranthes japonica Nakai were 5.6, 5,4 and 4.7%, respectively. Sodium contents were 2.1, 0.6 and 0.3% in the order of Boshinakia rossica Fedtsch., Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. and Prunus mume Seib., and iron contents were 0.3, 0.2 and 0.2% in the order of Cirsium japonicum var, ussuriense Kitamuraa, Gentiana scabra Bunge and Phlomis umbrosa Turcz.